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were no longer masters, hundreds of marauders were looking in and departing in the most deliberate manner, laden with wine and spirits, and others rolling on the ground in the most beastly state of intoxication. The Chamberlain, Mr. Thomas Garrard, with about thirty determined men, repelled the assailants at the Council-house until the arrival of the military, and saved the building; the villain who headed this attack had a muff upon his head, stolen probably in the sack of the Mansion-house; he received a severe wound in the neck. Mr. Bland, at a public-house in Narrow Wine-street, had his bar besieged by thirteen villains, who swore that they would have liquor or burn his house, but he attacked them sword in hand, and soon succeeded in driving them out. Property was saved by presence of mind. When the Customhouse was attacked, a very large sum of money, a great number of the books, and some valuable papers were removed by Mr. W. C. Stephens, one of the landing waiters, to his own house for safety; but shortly after, the Excise-office, which is within two doors of his residence, was on fire, and from the threats of the villains who did it, there was no doubt that his dwelling would be consumed. Considering it his duty to save these documents in preference to his own property, the family was employed in removing them to Mr. H. Smith's, and upon their return found the house in one entire sheet of flames, so that it was impossible to save a single article even of wearing apparel. We trust that this conduct will not be overlooked in the proper quarter. Had the ruffians made an attack upon the theatre, as it was at one time expected, they would have met with a reception which perhaps might have checked their diabolical fury; Ducrow having, with an esprit de corps so lamentably wanted in other quarters, marshalled his forces, placed arms in their hands, and thus prepared, awaited the attack, until he could make arrangements for his departure. Among the calamitous effects of the charges on the mobs, perhaps none is more distressing than that on an officer in one of the yeomanry troops. He had to charge the people, with those under his command, and the proceeding was most effectual. Unused, however, to scenes of blood, and no doubt grieved, and greatly agitated by the sad necessity, the unfortunate gentleman has ever since been decidedly deranged. Bristol remains almost a garrison, and, as it were, in a state of siege; but all apprehension is over, except that of the necessary severity of the law. At present. the infirmary and the gaols contain alike the incendiary and his victim; the old walls of the latter are fitted up pro tempore, and strictly guarded. The coroner's in. quest has been employed in considering

Richard

cases thus reported. Mary Canning, "burnt to death." Five men, unknown, the same verdict. Two men, unknown, "excessive drinking." Stephen Bush and John Haseman, "killed during the riots." George Lee, "killed by a coach-wheel." Fitzherbert, "suicide-lunacy." D. James, "killed by a sabre-wound." Captain (or Mr.) Lewis, one of the special constables on Monday, shot a boy, not, as it appeared, intentionally, but willing to frighten a drunken fellow who opposed himself to the orders to clear the street. The jury was a long time engaged on this case, and it created very great interest. After several adjournments had been made, and many witnesses heard, the coroner explained the law relative to justifiable, excusable, and felonious homicide, and told the jury that if they thought the deceased was shot by Mr. Lewis, in the discharge of his duty as a special constable, whilst he (the deceased) was rioting, it was justifiable; that if he was accidentally shot whilst firing at a rioter, it was excusable; but that if Mr. Lewis fired at the boy, who was not rioting, and killed him, or shot at a man who was not disturbing the peace, then they must consider him to have acted feloniously, and find him guilty of manslaughter. The jury retired, and, after half an hour's absence, brought in a verdict of Manslaughter against Mr. Lewis. Deodand on the pistol one shilling. This verdict has considerably increased the excitement which previously existed throughout this vast population, and we are assured that two attempts have been made by mobs on the Captain's house in King's-square. When the coroner's warrant was issued, the Captain was not to be found. The yeomanry have departed, and the garrison consists of a considerable body of the 52d regiment of infantry, of a detachment of artillery, with two pieces of cannon, and one squadron of the 14th dragoons. Save for the purpose of restoring confidence, there is no absolute ground for employing any troops. citizens are anxious to have a police establishment similar to that of the metropolis, and if it were organized, they could dispense with even the shadow of a garrison. Watch and ward is kept. The perambulating divisions consisted of a commander, two captains, and twenty-three men. well armed were also left in the station. houses. About forty of the prisoners, who were liberated by the rioters, have either been re-taken or have surrendered themselves. The prisoners are of all ages, from sixteen to sixty; and, with one or two exceptions, of that class who rise in the morning without knowing where they shall find food for the day. But one bore the appearance of a mechanic, one that of a mason, about three who looked like bargemen, or of that nondescript class which are emphati

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cally called by sailors "lubbers ;" and but
two or three at most who bore the slightest
appearance of having been accustomed to
earn their daily bread with honesty. Some
authorities say that many of the rioters came
from Birmingham-this has been indignant-
ly denied, but the denying party put forth
another slander that two-thirds of the mob
were Irish. Contemptible! Let Bristol
answer for its own mob, and be taught to
guard against it. The wounded are chiefly,
if not wholly, of the town and neighbour-
hood. The prisoners are for the present
conveyed, as usual, to the New-prison, two
wings of which are still uninjured. How
ever, it is said, that it is intended to moor a
frigate in King-road, for the reception of all
those who shall be found guilty at the next
gaol delivery.* Total number of persons

connected with the riots, received at the in-
firmary, 67, of whom 36 were made in-
patients, and 40 known to have been
wounded by the military, besides doubtful
cases. The casualties are-burnt, 6; shot,
2; excessive drinking, 2; sword-cuts, 2:
total, 12. Wounded and injured from shots,
10; sword-cuts, 48; excessive drinking, 2;
other causes, 34 total, 94. The wounded
are in general doing well, though some of
them are seriously injured, and attended
with considerable prospective risk to life and
limb. No operation required. No female
injured by the military, nor any child under
eleven. The shot wounds, with one ex-
ception, occurred on Sunday morning.
Many additional prisoners have been taken,
chiefly on account of possessing plunder;
and the most extraordinary discoveries of
property continue to be made. Still, how
ever, strange to say, people are to be seen
along the roads, in the villages, in the low
streets and alleys of Bath, and other places,
endeavouring to dispose of brooches, lock-
ets, tea-spoons, and other articles, evidently
stolen. They address only women, girls,
country lads, &c. and thus escape being
taken into custody. The inhabitants are
beginning to demur as to the imposition of
a rate for compensation to those who have
suffered by the incendiaries. It has been
suggested that a fine should be imposed
upon the corporate authorities, if the mis-
chief is found to be attributable to them.
Whether claims against the hundred can be
made good or not, is considered doubtful.

Orders from Government have been
received to remove his Majesty's ship Saturn
(cut down 74) from the quarantine ground
at Milford to Bristol, or King-road, to be
there moored for the reception of those who
may be found guilty of the late riots at that
place, &c. as a prison-ship. She is under-
going the necesary fitments, under the di-
rection of the officers of his Majesty's dock-
yard.

The Gazette of Tuesday, October 25, published, by order of the Privy Council of his Majesty, the rules and regulations proposed by the Board of Health for the purpose of preventing the introduction and spreading of the Cholera Morbus in this kingdom.

Ministers are enforcing rigorous measures of quarantine on all vessels coming from ports on the Continent suspected of being infected with Cholera; the steam-boats from Hamburgh, with cargoes, undergo rigid examination and the process of fumigation.

To prepare for the possible contingency of the country being visited by this disorder, as well as to assist in its prevention, it is recommended that in every town and village, commencing with those on the coast, there should be established a local board of health, to consist of the chief and other magistrates, the clergyman of the parish, two or more physicians or medical practitioners, and three or more of the principal inhabitants; and one of the medical members should be appointed to correspond with the Board of Health in London.

As the most effectual means of preventing the spreading of any pestilence has always been found to be the immediate separation of the sick from the healthy, it is of the utmost importance that the very first cases of Cholera which may appear should be made known as early as possible; concealment of the sick would not only endanger the safety of the public, but (as success in the treatment of the Cholera has been found mainly to depend on medical assistance having been given in the earliest stage of the disease,) would likewise deprive the patient of his best chance of recovery.

To carry into effect the separation of the sick from the healthy, it would be very expedient that one or more houses should be kept in view in each town or its neighbourhood, as places to which every case of the disease, as soon as detected, might be removed, provided the family of the affected person consent to such removal; and in case of refusal, a conspicuous mark (Sick) should be placed in front of the house, to warn persons that it is in quarantine; and even when persons with the disease should have been removed, and the house shall have been purified, the word "Caution" should be substituted, as denoting suspicion of the disease; and the inhabitants of such house should not be at liberty to move out or communicate with other persons, until, by the authority of the local Board, the mark shall have been removed.

In some towns it may be found possible to appropriate a public hospital to this purpose; or should any barrack exist in the neighbourhood, it might, under the authority of the Commander of the Forces, be similarly applied.

Wherever it may be allowed to remove

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the sick from their own habitations to the previously selected and detached buildings, the houses from which they have been so removed, as well as the houses in which the sick have chosen to remain, should be thoroughly purified in the following manner :Decayed articles, such as rags, cords, cordage, papers, old clothes, hangings, should be burnt; filth of every description removed; clothing and furniture should be submitted to copious affusions of water, and boiled in a strong ley; drains and privies thoroughly cleansed by streams of water and chloride of lime; ablution of wood-work should be performed by a strong ley of soap and water; the walls of the house, from the cellar to the garret, should be hot lime-washed; all loose and decayed pieces of plastering should be removed.

Free and continued admission of fresh air to all parts of the house and furniture should be enjoined for at least a week.

It is impossible to impress too strongly the necessity of extreme cleanliness and free ventilation; they are points of the very greatest importance, whether in the houses of the sick, or generally as a measure of precaution.

ploy them beneficially in furtherance of the suggestions above stated.

A continuation of the reports and observations of Dr. Russell and Dr. Barry, will shortly be laid before the public. In the mean time publicity has been given to the important conclusion to which they have arrived, upon a full consideration of all the circumstances which came to their knowledge in the course of their mission :

"After having meditated on the above facts and documents from the moment they came to our knowledge-after having weighed them all with all the attention of which our minds are capable, and after having compared the opinions which all of us separately, and without discussion, had grounded upon them, we find our impressions as to the mode of origin and spread of the late epidemic of St. Petersburgh and its neighbourhood, so perfectly identical in all important particulars, that we now agree to and sign the following propositions, containing the heads of our unanimous opinion on this part of the business of our mission:

"First-That the germs of the disease were brought to St. Petersburgh by the boats and barks which arrived from the interior this year previously to the 14th (26) of June.

All intercourse with any infected town, and the neighbouring country, must be prevented by the best means within the power of the magistrates, who will have to make regulations for the supply of provisions; but such regulations are intended only for extreme cases; and the difficulty of carrying such a plan into effect on any extended scale will undoubtedly be great, but, as a precaution of great importance, it is most essential that it should be an object of consideration, in order to guard against the dently of direct communication. spreading of infection.

"Second-That those germs were diffused and the disease propagated in two ways; one of which may be called personal, by the dispersion over the whole city immediately after the arrival of several thousand passengers and boatmen, who had come from infected places, or had been exposed to infection in the passage or on board these vessels. The other, which may be termed atmospheric, by emanations from the barks, and their contents suspended in and carried by the currents of air to susceptible persons, indepen

The Board particularly invites attention to a fact, confirmed by all the communications received from abroad, viz.-that the poor, ill-fed, and unhealthy part of the population, and especially those who have been addicted to drinking spiritous liquours, and indulgence in irregular habits, have been the greatest sufferers from this disease; and that the infection has been most virulent, and has spread more rapidly and extensively in the districts of towns where the streets are narrow and the population crowded, and where little or no attention has been paid to cleanliness and ventilation. They are aware of the difficulty of removing the evils referred to, but they trust that attention thus awakened will ensure the most active endeavours of all magistrates, resident clergymen, and persons of influence or authority, to promote their mitigation; and as the amount of danger and the necessity of precaution may become more apparent, they will look with increased confidence to the individual exertions of those who may be enabled to em

"Third-That the germs of the same disease were carried to Cronstadt, and propagated there by boats and lighters which had been loaded directly from the barks already mentioned, by persons who had recent communication with these barks, or had been in their immediate neighbourhood.

"Fourth-That the disease was introduced to all the villages round St. Petersburgh, in which we have been able to obtain authentic intelligence of its progress, by persons directly from the city, or from other infected places.

"Fifth-That neither the near approach nor the immediate contact of an infected individual were indispensable to the infection of a healthy individual susceptible of the disease at the mo

ment.

"Sixth-That the epidemic of St. Petersburgh did not possess those absolute and indiscriminate communicable qualities attached to the plague and small-pox, and that the risk of the infection incurred by the healthy had been accompanied by shelter from currents of air passing through sources of infection.

"Seventh-That in a generally infected atmos

phere the additional danger of infection incurred by approaching one or more individuals labouring under this disease was not greater than would

accrue from approaching one or more typhus lift up his hand against us, but keep us, as thou patients under similar circumstances.

"Eighth-That under favourable circumstances of body and mind, personal seclusion did not afford protection against the disease, more particularly if that seclusion had been accompanied by shelter from currents of air passing through sources of infection.

"Ninth-That those continue exempt from the disease who retired from and avoided com. munication with infected places: and those who resided to windward of, and those who were protected from the currents of air passing through such places; that the next in point of immunity were those who, though living in the midst of general infection, avoided large accumulations of sick placed in confined atmospheres, the young, the vigorous, those who could afford to live well, yet live temperately. In short, those who were placed under circumstances the most favourable to health, cheerfulness, and comfort of every kind. "W. RUSSELL, M.D. "D. BARRY, M.D."

"Calais, Nov."

His Majesty, in Privy Council, having ordered that his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, should prepare Fornis of Prayers to Almighty God, to be used in all churches and chapels, during the continuance of danger from the Cholera Morbus, the Primate of England, assisted by the Bench of Bishops, adopted the following prayers, to be read in all the cathedral, collegiate, and parochial churches and chapels throughout the kingdom :

"Most Gracious Father and God! who hast promised forgiveness of sins to all those that with hearty repentance and true faith turn to thee, look down, we beseech thee, from Heaven, thy dwelling-place, upon us thy unworthy servants, who, under an awful apprehension of thy judgments,

and a deep conviction of our sinfulness, prostrate

ourselves before thee. We acknowledge it to be of thy goodness alone that, whilst thou hast visited other nations with pestilence, thou hast so long spared us. Have pity, O Lord! have pity on thy people, both here and abroad withdraw thy heavy hand from those who are suffering under thy judgments, and turn away from us that grievous calamity, against which our only security is in thy compassion. We confess, with shame and contrition, that in the pride and hardness of our hearts we have shown ourselves unthankful for thy mercies, and have followed our own inclinations instead of thy holy laws. Yet, O Merciful Father! suffer not thy destroying angel to

EAST INDIES.

hast heretofore done, in health and safety; and grant that, being warned by the sufferings of others to repent of our sins, we may be preserved from all evil by thy mighty protection, and enjoy the continuance of thy mercy and grace, through the merits of our only Mediator and Advocate, Jesus Christ. Amen."

"O Almighty God! who, by the many in. stances of mortality which encompass us on every side, dost call upon us seriously to consider the shortness of our time here upon earth, and remindest us that in the midst of life we are in death, so teach us to number our days that we may apply our hearts unto wisdom. Give us grace to turn unto thee with timely repentance, and thus to obtain, through the merits of our Sa. vour, that pardon to-day which to-morrow it may be too late to seek for; that so being strengthened by thy good Spirit against the terrors of death, and daily advancing in godliness, we may at all times be ready to give up our souls into thy bands, O Gracious Father! in the hope of a blessed immortality, through the mediation and for the

merits of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen."

The order of the Privy Council and the other decisive steps taken by Government, although at first considered calculated to excite needless alarm, have been proved by recent events to be at least justifiable. The Cholera has undoubtedly made its appearance in the North of England:-Its introduction into Sunderland is attributed to the almost incredible fact that a vessel, direct from Hamburgh, was permitted to enter the harbour, and the crew to go on shore, without the enforcement of the quarantine laws! resembled the Indian Cholera, there is no That the disorder of which the patients died doubt, but doubts are entertained by those

who contend that the Cholera is non-contagious, that the patients received it from the crew of the Hamburgh vessel. Several persons have however died, under symptoms that are scarcely to be questioned; and whether contagious or not, Government is properly acting upon the belief that the disease is contagious, and has ordered that all vessels coming from Sunderland shall perform quarantine. As yet no symptoms approaching to the character by which Cholera is distinguished have appeared in any other part of England.

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THE COLONIES.

A general meeting of" East Indians" was held at the Presidency, Madras, on the 16th May, for the purpose of taking into consideration the most eligible mode of representing to Parliament the disabilities under which they labour. The meeting had the sanction of the local government. It was resolved that a petition should immediately be prepared, to be presented with, and for the support of, the specific object of the Calcutta East India petition; and that the petition be afterwards forwarded to the Com

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denies the right of the House of Commons to legislate for the internal affairs of Jamaica, and says:—

"Should your Majesty's Parliament proceed in their attempt to subvert our Constitution, and offer for the Royal assent any Act that arrogates an authority over the interior of our island, we beseech your Majesty to reject the Act, and by that timely interposition of your Royal prerogative, save us from utter ruin."

Meetings of freeholders, slave proprietors, and inhabitants of different parishes in the island, have also been held. The Chairman at Portland said :

"On our firm determination to maintain our rights as British subjects depends the salvation of our lives and fortunes. That our ruin is meditated by a fanatical party, who have, by their ascendancy over the Imperial Parliament, so awed and dismayed the Ministers, that they have become converts to their plans; and these valuable colonies, the once peaceable and most loyal part of his Majesty's dominions, are devoted to destruction at the shrine of mock philanthropy!"

One of the resolutions is :

"That the declaration lately made in Parliament, of the intention of Ministers, to force the colonies, by the means of fiscal oppression, into the adoption of measures for the accomplishment of uncompensated emancipation, is a most tyrannical threat, and is subversive of the sacrednees of property, and could only have emanated from a revolutionary government. That the time has, therefore, now arrived, when the West India question must be conclusively settled, by insisting on our just and indisputable title to compensation, and by refusing, until that point is distinctly set at rest, to proceed in any farther plans of amelioration whatever."

At Lucca it was resolved :

"That though our fellow-subjects have been relieved of thirty-four millions of taxes since the peace, yet the war tax upon our staple has, contrary to all good faith, been continued, and this during the period of most unparalleled distress;

ALGIERS.

and that, as we have every reason to know we have every thing to fear from the policy of the party in Britain, and nothing to hope from its justice, we proceed to elect a delegate or delegates from the meeting, to consult with the delegates or officers that may be appointed by the other parishes in this county, as the hest and most efficient means to form a colonial union for our mutual preservation."

All the resolutions are equally strong. The meetings all resolved to petition the King, and be guided in their future conduct by the answer to their petition.

From the Quebec papers it appears that, down to the 7th October, there had arrived at that port 49,000 emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland this season; others were daily arriving: the numbers, before the end of the season, will greatly exceed 50,000 souls. In 1829 about 16,000 emigrants arrived at Quebec; in 1830 the numbers increased to 28,000; this year they will more than treble those of 1829, and nearly double those of 1830. Out of the number that landed, down to the 6th October this year, at Quebec, 19,000 had arrived in the western districts of Upper Canada. A letter, dated early in October, states, that taking into account the numbers which have arrived in Upper Canada, by way of the United States, they will exceed, this year, 30,000.

A subscription has been opened in the metropolis for the relief of the poorer classes of sufferers by the late dreadful hurricane in the islands of Barbadoes, St. Vincent, and St. Lucia. A subscription has also been commenced towards the restoration of the two Missionary establishments belonging to the Moravians, or United Brethren, in Barbadoes, which are almost totally destroyed by the same awful visitation.

FOREIGN STATES.

In a letter from Algiers, of the 21st ult., the exasperation of every class of the Mahometan population is represented in language of which no translation can give an adequate idea. Even the Jews were preparing to leave the place, from the fear of an indiscriminate slaughter on the entrance of the Bedouins, which was considered by many as not far distant. Bourmont contented himself with appropriating the private treasure of the Dey, although solemnly guaranteed to his highness by a special clause in the treaty of capitulation; but Clausel has violated the mosques, and laid the principal inhabitants under contribution, while he leaves his subordinates to fly at smaller game. The violation of the mosques and the scorn of religious institutions, which

will bring such absolute destruction on the French army, was made through the ignorant persuasion that money was hidden in those sacred edifices.

BELGIUM.

The treaty of twenty-four articles of peace with Holland has been introduced to the Chamber, accompanied by a note from the plenipotentiaries of the five powers, declaring them to have all the force of a solemn convention between Belgium and the five powers who guarantee their execution; to be accepted and repeated in a distinct treaty between Belgium and Holland; that the articles are inseparable; that they are final and irrevocable. The following are the articles :

"1. The Belgic territory to be composed of the provinces of South Brabant, Liege, Namur, Hain

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