NOTE. The correction should be taken from that column which most nearly corresponds with the approximate Latitude. DELAWARE BAY AND RIVER. Lighthouses, Lightships, Range Lights, Buoys, Etc., Etc., Marking Main Ship Channel to Philadelphia and Entrance to Bay and River Delaware. NOTE.-Compass Bearings and Courses are Magnetic and Distance expressed in Nautical miles (2026.66 Yards to the mile). Corrected and Revised to January 1, 1901. There are forty-five lights, including and commencing with the two Five Fathom Bank and Overfalls Light Vessels, established as aids to the entrance of and navigation of the Delaware Bay and River. After having made and passed the Five Fathom Bank, both ends of which are marked by a light vessel having a first-class steam fog-whistle, a vessel can take up the Delaware Breakwater Range, which will carry her clear of McCries and South Shoals and up to Overfalls Light Vessel at the entrance of the Bay, and enable her to shape a course for Brandywine Shoal Light. Overfalls Light Vessel moored in 72 feet of water, about 3 miles to the southward and westward of Overfalls or South Shoal, entrance to Delaware Bay, Del. Two fixed white reflector lights, visible 12 miles. Fog signal is a 12-inch steam whistle, giving a blast of 3 seconds' duration, separated by silent intervals of 27 seconds. If the whistle be disabled, a bell will be rung by hand. The vessel has two masts, schooner rigged, no bowsprit, red hoop-iron day-mark at each masthead, and name in large black letters on each side and "No. 46" on each quarter in black. The hull is painted straw color. Cape May Light House, N. N. E. E. 8 miles. Brandywine Shoal Light House N. by W. & W. 11 miles. Cape Henlopen Light. Twenty-three and three-fourth miles from Five Fathom Bank Light-vessel. This light shows red within an angle of about 45 degrees, formed by a line extending from the light to Brandywine Shoal Light (passing outside the Shears and Brown shoals) and a line extending from the light and just clearing the Northwest end of the Delaware Break water. When the light shows white, vessels between Brandywine shoal and Cape Henlopen are clear of all shoals to the Westward, including and below Brown Shoal. When faintly tinged with red, it indicates proximity to the old range line; and when bright red, it is dangerous to pass farther to the Westward until reaching the point above Brown Shoal, where a change of course is made to go up the bay, and Fourteen Foot Bank Light shows white. Vessels seeking harbor above or behind the breakwater, and wishing to enter at the northern end, will be clear of the breakwater as soon as Cape Henlopen light again changes to white. Delaware Breakwater (East End.)--This fight illuminates the entire horizon. It shows fixed red from the bearing W. S. around by the southward to ESE. † E. (from seaward); throughout the rest of the horizon it shows fixed white. The focal plane is 65 feet above mean low water. The light should be seen in clear weather from the deck of a vessel 15 feet above the sea 13 nautical miles. Fog-signal: Daboll trumpet giving blasts of 2 seconds' duration at intervals of 13 seconds. The structure is an iron tower painted dark brown, surmounted by a lantern painted black. To vessels coming from the south ward, this light shows red, clear of the sand hills to the northward of Cape Henlopen Light. Care should be taken not to approach the latter light too closely, in order to avoid the Hen and Chickens shoal. Delaware Break water front light (fixed white separated by eclipses), in range with this light (fixed red) marks a line clear of the northern end of the Hen and Chickens shoal. When this light is in range with the Delaware Break water rear |