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EXPLANATION OF STORM AND WIND-DIRECTION SIGNALS
Displayed at various points on the coasts of the United States.
The Signals are as follows:

STORM

HURRICANE

A red flag with black centre-indicates that storm is expected to be severe.

Two red flags with black centres-indicates expected approach of tropi

cal hurricane.

The Pennants, when displayed with the flags, indicate the direction from which the wind is expected, as follows:

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Consists of a red pennant, displayed alone, and indicates that the local observer has received information from the central office of a storm covering a limited area, and dangerous only for vessels about to sail to certain points. The signal is intended to be a notification to shipmasters that valuable information will be given them on application to the local observer. BY NIGHT:

A RED light will indicate easterly winds.

A WHITE light above a RED light will indicate westerly winds.

The system of weather, temperature and rain signals displayed throughout the country is distinct from the storm and wind-direction signals, the latter being principally for the information of maritime interests, and displayed at the principal ports on the

coasts.

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The New International Code of Signals will come into force on January 1, 1901. From January 1, 1901, to January 1, 1902, the use of the New Code will be optional; vessels using it must hoist the DISTINGUISHING SIGNAL as shown above.

After January 1, 1902, only the New Code will be used.

The New Code requires twenty-seven flags in all; seventeen flags of the old code being retained, and ten new flags added. Each of the ten new flags is shown above marked with a star (*).

We are prepared to furnish promptly, full sets, or any part of a set, of the above flags, of the best quality, (material and workmanship guaranteed) at moderate prices, and shall be pleased to furnish estimates of cost of same on application.

The New Code Books are now being prepared, and as soon as issued may be obtained from us.

RIGGS and BROTHER

310 Market Street Philadelphia

Yacht Binnacle

"JOSEPHINE" PATTERN

(With Hand's Patent Compensation)

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The demand for an ornamental Yacht Binnacle that would combine Mr. John E. Hand's patent system of compensation (see page 112) with our new style of plate glass hood, has induced us to place on the market the Binnacle illustrated above.

The stand is of polished mahogany, handsomely carved; the quadrantal correctors are incased in brass globes and all metal parts are polished brass, producing a binnacle that cannot be excelled.

The system of compensation is acknowledged to be the best. Price, complete, with 8-in Ritchie Compass

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This is the regular size; other sizes made to order at short notice.
Fitted for either oil or electric light, as desired.

$250.00

Instructions to Masters of Stranded Vessels, for Obtaining Help From the Life-Saving Service.

In the event of a vessel stranding on the coasts of the United States or of the United Kingdom, and the lives of the crew being placed in danger, assistance will, if possible, be rendered from the shore in the following manner, namely:

1.-A rocket or shot, with a thin line attached, will be fired across the vessel. Get hold of this line as soon as possible, and when you have secured it, let one of the crew be separated from the rest, and, if in the daytime, wave his hat or his hand, or a flag or handkerchief; or, if at night, let a rocket, a blue light, or a gun be fired, or let a light be displayed over the side of the ship and be again concealed, as a signal to those on shore.

2. When you see one of the men on shore separated from the rest, wave a red flag, or (if at night) show a red light and then conceal it, haul upon the rocket line until you get a tail block with an endless fall rove through it.

3. Make the tail of the block fast to the mast about 15 feet above the deck, or, if the masts are gone, to the highest secure parts of the vessel. When the tail block is made fast and the rocket line unbent from the whip, let one of the crew separated from the rest, make the signal required by Article 1.

4.-As soon as the signal is seen on shore, a hawser will be bent to the whip line, and will be hauled off to the ship by those on shore.

5.-When the hawser has been got on board, the crew should at once make it fast to the same part of the ship that the tail block is made fast to, only about 18 inches higher, taking care that there are no turns of the whip line around the hawser.

6.-When the hawser has been made fast on board, the signal directed to be made in Article 1 is to be repeated.

7. The men on shore will then pull the hawser taut, and by means of the whip line will haul off to the ship a sling life-buoy, or life-car, into which the person to be hauled ashore is to get and be made fast. When he is in and secure, one of the crew must be separated from the rest, and again signal to the shore, as directed in Article 1. The people on shore will then haul the person in the sling to the shore, and when he has landed will haul back the empty sling, life-buoy or life-car to the ship for others. This operation will be repeated until all persons are hauled ashore from the wrecked vessel.

8.- It may sometimes happen that the state of the weather and the condition of the ship will not admit of a hawser being set up; in such cases a sling life-buoy will be hauled off instead, and the shipwrecked persons will be hauled through the surf, instead of along a hawser.

Masters and crews of stranded vessels should bear in mind that success in landing them in a great measure depends upon their coolness and attention to the rules here given.

The system of signaling must be strictly adhered to, and all women, children, passengers, and helpless persons should be landed before the crew of the ship.

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