has cited or designated that organization or publication, and the year in which each agency's first citation, or listing, of the subject appeared. Capital letters denote agency names, as follows: A-Attorney General of the United States; CCommittee on Un-American Activities; I-Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate Judiciary Committee; J-Senate Judiciary Committee; and S-Subversive Activities Control Board. (For more complete information on citations, see this committee's "Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications.") The Right Reverend Henry K. Sherrill was one of the sponsors of the National Council of American-Soviet Friendship (A-1947, C-1944) according to the following sources: the "Call" to the Congress held in Madison Square Garden, November 6-8, 1943, p. 4; a memorandum issued by the Council, dated March 18, 1946; a letterhead dated March 13, 1946. He was listed as a sponsor of the Massachusetts Council of the Organization on a letterhead dated December, 15, 1943. An article concerning Dr. Sherrill, accompanied by his photograph, is given prominent space in the November 17, 1952, issue (p. 3) of the Daily People's World, official organ of the Communist Party on the West coast. The following is quoted from the article: "Anti-Sovieteers who would break off truce negotiations in Korea and extend the Korean conflict to China are 'counselors of doom.' "The Rt. Rev. Henry Knox Sherrill, presiding bishop of the U.S. Episcopal church, blasted these 'counselors' in a press conference here and said, ‘I think it is imperative that we keep on negotiating. "We must continue talking-in Korea, in the UN and elsewhere. Somehow we may arrive at a settlement without war.' "Bishop Sherrill blasted the arms race of great nations since World War II. but said he felt the production of the atom bomb ‘may be an agency for peace' in the long run. ""I think, I hope,' the bishop said, 'that atomic warfare may seem too frightful for anyone to start it.' "To break off negotiations, Bishop Sherrill said, would be fatal, and if peace is to be won in the world, those who advocate excluding the Soviet Union from the United Nations must be defeated ***" The above article is datelined Los Angeles, November 16, 1952. The following is quoted from an article in the Washington Evening Star of May 20, 1953, page 1: "CHICAGO, May 20.-The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. today named a 15-member committee to watch developments in Congress and elsewhere which 'threaten the freedom of the people and institutions of the United States.' "The Committee, headed by the Right Rev. Henry Knox Sherrill, presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, includes Bishop G. Bromley Oxnam, *** and Dr. Arthur S. Flemming *** "Appointment of the 'committee on the maintenance of American freedom' was announced at the bimonthly meeting of the council's General Board, the organization's interim policy-making body, by President William C. Martin "Bishop Martin, in a statement, expressed his personal hope that the committee 'will help the churches to recognize any threat of Communist infiltration into American life *** Judge PEREZ. There then was a Mrs. M. E. Tilly, and in connection with Mrs. Tilly, I would like to file a pamphlet entitled "Investigation of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States, Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, 78th Congress, 2d Session," which refers to Mrs. Tilly's activities in connection with the Communist front. Mr. SLAYMAN. Is this the Mrs. Tilly from Atlanta, Ga., who testified before this subcommittee? Judge PEREZ. I understand so; yes. I don't know the lady personally. With leave of the chairman, I would like to file the same as P-11. Senator ERVIN. It may be done. (The document referred to was marked as "Exhibit No. P-11" and reads as follows:) PLATED REPRODUCTION OF ORIGINAL COPY JACT INVESTIGATION OF UN-AMERICAN SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES ON H. Res. 282 TO INVESTIGATE (1) THE EXTENT, CHARACTER, AND COMMITTEE PRINT COMMUNIST FRONT ORGANIZATIONS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE NATIONAL CITIZENS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE FIRST SECTION UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1944 This volume is a special appendix to volume XVII of the bearings of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities. The hearings contained in volume XVII were conducted on September 27, 28, 29, and October 3, 4, 5, 1944, by a subcommittee composed of JOHN M. COSTELLO, California, Chairman JOE STARNES, Alabama J. PARNELL THOMAS, New Jersey INTRODUCTION NATIONAL CITIZENS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE The National Citizens Political Action Committee has 141 members. Out of this number, 83 percent have records of affiliation with Communist and Communist front organizations. In the great majority of these persons who have been affiliated with Communist groups, there is nothing to support a view that their Communist affiliations were casual and infrequent. On the other hand, the National Citizens Political Action Committee, taken as a whole, includes a formidable list of confirmed fellow travelers of and fronters for Communist organizations. It has been clearly established by overwhelming evidence that the National Citizens Political Action Committee is the major Communist front organization of the moment. As a front organization, it represents the Communist Party's supreme bid for power throughout its 25 years of existence in this country. Wholly aside from the N. C. P. A. C.'s participation in the election campaign of 1944, it is clear that the major objective of this HillmanBrowder-C. I. O. axis is the gaining of a dominant position of influence in the councils of the Democratic Party. In his book, Victory and After, Earl Browder specifically laid down the line of "boring from within" the major political parties. At present, the Democratic Party is the major political party into which Browder is endeavoring to bore. Having dissolved the Communist Party and gone underground, Browder's followers are making every effort possible to secure a foothold in the local and regional units of the Democratic Party. The National Citizens Political Action Committee has many proCommunists who were bitter opponents of the President in the campaign of 1940. In that year they were following the line of the StalinHitler pact which characterized the war as an imperialist struggle and which assailed the President as a warmonger. As the Communists of that year carried on their activities under the auspices of the American Peace Mobilization and other front organizations, they were appropriately dubbed "Communazis." All that was changed with the entrance of Russia into the war, and the "Communazis" of 1940 have now become the "Commucrats" of 1944. It is not alleged that 83 percent of the 141 members of the N. C. P. A. C. are Communists. It is, on the other hand, alleged and established on the basis of the public record that 83 percent of N. C. P. A: C.'s members, including Sidney Hillman himself, have served as "fronts" for Communist front organizations. By its very nature a Communist-front organization must have persons who are willing to front for it. If the organization were made up exclusively of persons who are professed Communists, it would be simply one more open-and-aboveboard Communist organization. The genius of a Communist-front organization is to secure the services of distinguished persons whose very names aid in concealing the real nature. of the organization. When, therefore, Communists are able to command such services from men and women who are distinguished in art, education, religion, and literature, they are able to build what has come to be known as a Communist-front organization. So far as is known, only one of Hillman's N. C. P. A. C. members has been a card-holding member of the Communist Party; namely, Langston Hughes. The remainder of the 83 percent belong to that group which serves communism by "fronting" for its innumerable leagues, committees, associations, councils, demonstrations, parades, alliances, congresses, federations, and open letters. The number of a person's affiliations with Communist-front organizations is not the only index for determining the extent to which the person is committed to communism. For example, the names of Canada Lee, Metz T. P. Lochard, Martin Popper, and Lillian Smithall members of Hillman's N. C. P. A. C.-will not appear high on a tabulation which is based solely on statistical considerations. Yet all four of these persons were affiliated with the notoriously Communist American Peace Mobilization. An analysis of the entire list of N. C. P. A. C. members shows several things: (1) It follows the usual pattern of personnel in Communistfront organizations-so many trusted Communist Party lieutenants, so many veteran fellow travelers, so many fringe or occasional followers of the party line, and so many gullibles picked up for the first time and used as a front for purposes which they do not fully comprehend. (2) It serves as an excellent illustration of the well-known principle of the interlocking directorate which is common to the party's front organizations. (3) If the list of N. C. P. A. C. members had been drawn up by Earl Browder himself, it is not likely that it would have varied in any important degree from the list which was submitted by Sidney Hillman to the Campaign Expenditures Committee of the House of Representatives on August 28, 1944. Hillman's list is appended to this chapter as exhibit No. 1. Up to this point, our conclusions have been based exclusively on evidence in the files of the Special Committee on Un-American Activities. There are, however, other ways of approaching the question and no matter from what standpoint it is approached the answer comes out the same. Taking the evidence available from a witness who is not, in the nature of things, unfriendly to the National Citizens Political Action Committee, we call the Attorney General, Mr. Francis Biddle, to the witness stand. On May 28, 1942, the Attorney General issued an order for the deportation of Harry Bridges. Two things stand out in the text of the Attorney General's order: (1) A finding of fact concerning the subversive character of the Communist Party, and (2) an observation concerning the nature and purpose of Communist front organizations. Concerning the Communist Party, the Attorney General found the following: That the Communist Party of the U. S. A., from the time of its inception in 1919 to the present time, is an organization that believes in, advises, advocates, and teaches the overthrow by force and violence of the Government of the United States. Concerning Communist front organizations, the Attorney General made the following observation: ** |