The Land-systems of British India, 1권Clarendon Press, 1892 |
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actual administration adopted agricultural Ajmer Aryan Assam assessment Benares Bengal Berár bháiáchárá body Bombay British Burma called ceded Central India Central Provinces chapter Chief Commissioner cis-Sutlej claim co-sharers common conquered Council cultivators custom Date districts divided Division Dravidian existing fact fixed Government of India Governor Governor-General grain-share grant groups headman Hindu holders holding idea joint villages land land-revenue land-tenures landholders landlord villages Legislative Madras Maráthá ment Mughal Mughal Empire Muhammadan Nágpur Narbada North-West Provinces North-Western Provinces officers original Orissa Oudh owner Panjáb pargana Permanent Settlement Presidency produce proprietor raiyat raiyatwárí Rájá Rájá's Rájput rates recognized regards Regulations rents revenue revenue-farmers Revision rule ruler settled share Sikh Sindh sír soil Taluk Taluqdár tenants tenures term territory tion tracts tribal tribes tricts Vict vinces waste watan whole Zamíndárs
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80 페이지 - The Act fixes the salary of the members (payable out of the Indian revenue) and prohibits them from sitting or voting in Parliament. The Council is under the direction of the Secretary of State, and its duty under the Act, is to "conduct the business transacted in the United Kingdom in relation to the government of India and the correspondence with India.
173 페이지 - The sons will take the places of their fathers, the same site for the village, the same position for the houses, the same lands, will be reoccupied by the descendants of those who were driven out when the village was depopulated ; and it is not a trifling matter that will drive them out, for they will often maintain their post through times of disturbance and convulsion, and acquire strength sufficient to resist pillage and oppression with success.
172 페이지 - The village communities are little republics, having nearly everything they want within themselves, and almost independent of any foreign relations. They seem to last where nothing else lasts.
173 페이지 - They seem to last where nothing else lasts. Dynasty after dynasty tumbles down; revolution succeeds revolution; but the village community remains the same. This union of the village communities, each one forming a separate little state in itself, has, I conceive contributed more than any other cause to the preservation of the...
173 페이지 - Dynasty after dynasty tumbles down; revolution succeeds to revolution; Hindoo, Patan, Mogul, Mahratta, Sikh, English, are all masters in turn ; but the village communities remain the same. In times of trouble they arm and fortify themselves: a hostile army passes through the country : the village communities collect their cattle within their walls, and let the enemy pass unprovoked.
173 페이지 - ... pass unprovoked. If plunder and devastation be directed against themselves, and the force employed be irresistible, they flee to friendly villages at a distance; but when the storm has passed over, they return and resume their occupations.
83 페이지 - A Regulation for forming into a regular code all regulations that may be enacted for the internal government of the British territories in Bengal", laid down the mode of exercise of legislative powers which was subsequently approved by Parliament.
89 페이지 - The councils are not deliberative bodies with respect to any subject but that of the immediate legislation before them. They cannot inquire into grievances, call for information, or examine the conduct of the executive. The acts of administration cannot be impugned, nor. can they be properly defended in such assemblies, except with reference to the particular measure under discussion.
92 페이지 - Be it enacted, that no rule, law, or regulation which prior to the passing of this Act shall have been made by the Governor-General or Governor-General in Council, or by any other of the authorities aforesaid, for and in respect of any such non-regulation province, shall be deemed invalid only by reason of the same not having been made in conformity with the provisions of the said Acts, or of any other Act of Parliament respecting the constitution and powers of the Council of India or of the Governor-General,...
173 페이지 - This union of the village communities, each one forming a separate little state in itself, has, I conceive, contributed more than any other cause to the preservation of the people of India, through all the revolutions and changes which they have suffered, and is in a high degree...