by good writers; as, I fear it comes too much from the heart (ADDISON), for I fear that it comes too much from

the heart.

INTERJECTIONS.

401. The last class of words contains those that neither connect different propositions, nor yet form parts of separate ones. Ah! oh! O! alas! pish! tush! We use these words, but we use them without the idea of making any statement or assertion.

Words that neither form parts of a proposition, nor connect two different propositions, are called Interjections.

GOVERNMENT.

$402. Government is of three sorts.

1. Government of a noun by a noun; as, the father's son.

2. Government of a noun by a verb; as, I strike him. 3. Government of a noun by a preposition; as, the father of the son; give this to him.

403. Sometimes the expression is incomplete, and the governing noun, the governing verb, or the governing preposition, is omitted or understood; as,

1. This was bought at Rundle and Bridge's; where the governing noun shop is omitted by ellipsis. See $319.

2. I like you better than him; where the full expression would. be, I like you better than I like him, so that the verb like, governing him, is understood.

404. But besides expressions like the ones just mentioned, there are others where there is neither gov

ernment by means of a noun, verb, or preposition, nor yet any ellipsis or omission. In this case the noun is said to stand absolutely.

405. Nouns standing absolutely are of two sorts: 1. Those originating in an Accusative case. 2. Those originating in a Dative case.

406. In expressing distance or duration, either in time or space, we use the noun absolutely; as, he walked ten miles (i. e. the space of ten miles); he stood three hours (i. e. the space of three hours). Here the words stood and walk are intransitive; so that it is not by them that the words miles and hours are governed. They stand absolutely. Although not distinguished in form from the nominative case, these words are not nominatives. They are naturally accusatives; and when, in an older stage of the Gothic languages, the accusative was distinguished from the nominative, they appeared in the form of the accusative.

§ 407. The door being open, the steed was stolen ; the sun having arisen, the laborers proceeded to work. In these sentences the words door and sun stand absolutely; and as the words being open and having arisen agree with them, they also do the same. In English substantives, where there is no distinction between the nominative and the objective cases, it is of no practical importance to inquire as to the particular case in which the words like door and sun stand.

$408. In the English pronouns, where there is a distinction between the nominative and objective cases, it is of practical importance to inquire in what particular case words like door and sun stand.

1. He made the best proverbs of any one, him only excepted.

2. He made the best proverbs of any one, he only excepted.

Which of these two expressions is correct? This we can decide only by determining in what case nouns standing absolutely, in the way that door, sun, and him (or he) now stand, were found in that stage of our language when the Nominative and Objective cases were distinguished by separate forms.

In Anglo-Saxon this case was the Dative; as, up-asprungenre sunnan = the sun having arisen.

In Anglo-Saxon, also, him was a dative case, so that the case out of which expressions like the ones in question originated was dative. Hence, of the two phrases him excepted and he excepted, the former is the one which is historically correct.

Al

It is also the form which is logically correct. most all absolute expressions of this kind have a reference, more or less direct, to the cause of the action denoted. In sentences like the stable-door being open, the horse was stolen; the sun having arisen, the laborers got up to work; this idea of either a cause, or a coincidence like a cause, is pretty clear.

In the sentence, he made the best proverbs of any one, him only excepted, the idea of cause is less plain. Still it exists. The existence of him (i. e. the particular person mentioned as preeminent in proverb-making) is the cause or reason why he (i. e. the person spoken of as the second-best proverb-maker) was not the very best of proverb-makers.

Now in languages which have only these four cases, Nominative, Possessive, Objective, and Dative, and consequently no peculiar form to express cause or agency, the Dative supplies the place of such a case. Hence the Anglo-Saxon Dative Absolute.

In spite, however, both of history and logic, the socalled best authorities are in favor of the use of the Nominative case in the absolute construction.

Obs. In all absolute constructions of the kind in question, one of the words is either a Substantive or a Pronoun, the other a Participle. The reason of this is in the fact of all such absolute constructions indicating either an action or a state.

$409. THE word Prosody is derived from a Greek word (Prosodia) signifying accent. It is used by Latin and English grammarians in a wider sense, and includes not only the doctrines of accent and quantity, but also the laws of metre and versification.

§ 410. Take the sentence last written, count the syllables, and mark those that are accented. — The wórd Prósody is derived from a Greék wórd sígnifying áccent It is used by Látin and E'nglish grammárians ín a wider sénse, and inclúdes not only the doctrines of áccent and quántity, but álso the laws of métre and versificátion. Here the accented syllables are the 2d, 3d, 8th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 17th, 21st, 23d, 26th, 29th, &c.; that is, between two accented syllables there are sometimes three, sometimes two, and sometimes no unaccented syllables intervening. In other words, there is no regularity in the recurrence of the

accent.

§ 411. Proceed in the same way with the following stanza, numbering each syllable, and observing upon which the accent occurs.

Then fare thee well, mine ówn dear love,

The world hath nów for us

No greáter grief, no paín abóve

The pain of párting thús. - MOORE.