adjutant-general of the state, an office whose duties were then not very onerous. When, on the inauguration of President Polk in 1845, Mr. Buchanan resigned his seat in the federal senate in order to become secretary of state, Mr. Cameron was elected to fill the vacancy. He voted in the senate in 1846 in favor of the notice to England to terminate the joint occupancy of Oregon, against settling the Oregon dispute by ceding to England the region between lat. 54° 40′ and lat. 49° N., and in favor of declaring that war existed with Mexico by the act of that country; and in 1848 he voted in favor of Mr. Douglas's proposition to extend the Missouri compromise line of lat. 36° 30′ N. to the Pacific ocean, prohibiting slavery N. and tolerating it S. of that line. The term for which he had been elected to the senate expired March 4, 1849, when President Taylor was inaugurated, and he returned for a time to the pursuits of private life. Never a violent partisan politician, and counting his friends among the members of the whig, the American, and the democratic parties, after the repeal of the Missouri compromise in 1854, and the attempt to establish slavery in Kansas against the wishes of a majority of its people, he connected himself with the "people's party" in Pennsylvania, and in 1856 voted for the election to the presidency of Col. Fremont. Though his party was defeated in the state, Mr. Cameron was again chosen as a representative of Pennsylvania in the federal senate, receiving in the state legis lature the suffrages of the republicans, the members of the American party, and several democrats. During this term of service he uniformly acted with the republican senators, and was widely regarded as likely to receive the nomination of that party for the presidency at the next election. In the national convention held at Chicago May 16 and 17, 1860, he was proposed by the Hon. A. H. Reeder of Pennsylvania as a candidate for that distinction, and was supported by the votes of the entire delegation from Pennsylvania, beside one vote each from Virginia, Iowa, and Nebraska. When Mr. Lincoln became president, he chose Mr. Cameron for the office of secretary of war, which post he filled until Jan. 14, 1862, when he resigned and was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Russia, for which country he sailed from New York on April 19. He remained in Russia for some time, then spent some weeks in travelling on the continent, and returned to the United States, arriving in New York Nov. 8.

CAMP JACKSON, an encampment of Missouri state militia in the suburbs of St. Louis, formed May 6, 1861, under Brig. Gen. Frost, and surrendered to Capt. Lyon, commandant of the U. S. arsenal, May 10. It was one of the camps of instruction organized in various parts of the state by authority of the governor, C. F. Jackson. Capt. Lyon regarded the camp as hostile to the national government, among other reasons, because it was occupied principally

by known sympathizers with secession. He therefore assembled a force of between 5,000 and 6,000 citizens organized as "home guards," under Cols. Blair, Sigel, and Boernstein, and, with the addition of the small U. S. force at the arsenal, marched on the morning of May 10 to the place where it was situated, and completely surrounded it. He then addressed to Gen. Frost a demand for the surrender of himself with all his men, which was agreed to, and the state troops, to the number of 639, gave themselves up, refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the government of the United States, on the ground that it would be an admission of their previous disloyalty. Meanwhile, a great number of people from the city and the country about had collected in the vicinity of the camp, apparently with the design of taking part with the state troops, but no demonstration was made at the time of the surrender. When the file of prisoners had reached a point just at the entrance into the city, an attack with stones upon the column called forth a discharge of muskets from the U. S. troops, resulting in the killing and wounding of 25 of the throng. Great excitement ensued, but no further outbreak then occurred. On the next day a disturbance was caused by the appearance in the streets of St. Louis of a German regiment who had enlisted in the home guard; they were received with insults by the crowds who were excited by the affair of the previous day, and three shots were fired upon them; they therefore turned and fired upon the people, killing 6 and wounding several. This ended the disturbances connected with the surrender of Camp Jackson.

CAMP WILD CAT, an encampment of Union soldiers situated in Laurel co., in the S. E. part of Kentucky, within a few miles of Loudon, the capital of the county, where a battle was fought Oct. 21, 1861. The camp had long given protection to the Union men of that district, and was therefore especially marked by the confederates for attack. Gen. Zollicoffer, taking advantage of a temporary reduction in the forces defending it, made a rapid movement upon it. Information of his purpose reached Col. Garrard, who was in command on the 14th, at which time he had but 600 effective men, including a Kentucky regiment and some home guards. Having made known his situation to the nearest Union camp, he was reënforced by parts of the 17th and 14th Ohio, 33d Indiana, Standard's Ohio artillery, and Woolford's cavalry, the whole being under the command of Gen. Schoepf. Zollicoffer's forces consisted of about 6,000 infantry, 1,600 cavalry, and one battery. The point of attack was a hill commanding the Union camp, which the confederates made two attempts to take, the first attack lasting for an hour; they were each time repulsed with loss, and retired during the night following; owing to fatigue and the want of supplies, the Union troops could not pursue them. The Union loss was 4 killed and 21 wounded. The loss of the confederates is not known; 19 of their dead were

buried by the Union soldiers, and many more were carried from the field.

CAMPBELL, WILLIAM B., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Sumner co., Tenn., Feb. 1, 1807. He studied law, commenced practice at Carthage, Tenn., in 1830, was elected district attorney of the 4th district in 1831, and became a member of the legislature in 1835. He served as captain of a volunteer company during the Creek and Florida wars; was elected to congress in 1827, 1829, and 1841; was colonel of the 1st Tennessee volunteers during the Mexican war; became judge of the 4th circuit of Tennessee immediately after his return; and in 1851 was elected governor of the state, having throughout the canvass advocated the compromise measures of 1850. Refusing to be a candidate for reelection, he retired to private life at the close of his term of office. On the breaking out of the civil war in 1861 he canvassed his state in opposition to the disunionists, and on June 30, 1862, was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, but on account of feeble health has not yet been assigned to active duty.

CANBY, EDWARD RICH SPRIGG, brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Kentucky about 1817, was graduated at West Point in 1839 and appointed 2d lieutenant in the 2d infantry; became assistant commissary of subsistence in Oct. 1839, 1st lieutenant in June, 1846, and assistant adjutantgeneral in March, 1847; distinguished himself at Cerro Gordo; was brevetted major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at the Belen gate of Mexico, Sept. 13; became captain in the 20 infantry in June, 1851, and major of the 10th infantry in March, 1855. He served in the Utah expedition under Gen. A. S. Johnston, and in 1859-60 had command of Fort Bridger in Utah. When the civil war broke out in 1861 he was in New Mexico, and exhibited great energy and skill in defending the territory against the attacks of the confederates, for a detailed account of which see FORT CRAIG, in this supplement. On May 14, 1861, he was promoted to be colonel of the 19th infantry, and on March 31, 1862, he was made a brigadier-general of volunteers. In Sept. 1862, he was relieved from duty in New Mexico, and on Nov. 6 he was ordered to Pittsburg to take command of the drafted men collected there from western Pennsylvania.

CARDWELL, EDWARD, D.D., an English clergyman, born at Blackburn, Lancashire, in 1787, died in Oxford, May 23, 1861. He was graduated at Brasenose college, Oxford, became a fellow of his college in 1809, was for several years tutor and lecturer, and in 1814 was appointed one of the university examiners. In 1826 he was elected Camden professor of ancient history, and in 1831 succeeded Archbishop Whately as principal of St. Alban's hall. He held for some years the college living of StokeBruerne, was for many years a member of the

governing council of the university, and under the last three chancellors private secretary. He published "The Two Liturgies of Edward VI. Compared" (8vo., 1840); "The Documen tary Annals of the Reformed Church of England" (2 vols. 8vo., 1847); "History of Confer ences and other Proceedings connected with the Revision of the Book of Common Prayer" (1842); “Synodalia, a Collection of Articles of Religion, Canons, and Proceedings of Convocation, in the Province of Canterbury, from 1547 to 1717” (2 vols. 8vo., 1842); “Reformatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum, or the Reformation of the Ecclesiastical Laws for the Church of England, as proposed by the Chief Reformers and attempted to be carried out in the Reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Eliz abeth" (1850); and an edition of Bishop Gibson's Synodus Anglicana (1854), beside an edi tion of Aristotle's "Ethics," "Lectures on the Coinage of the Greeks and Romans," an edition of the Greek Testament with cariorum readings, a marginal harmony, notes, &c., and an annotated edition of Josephus's "History of the Jewish War," with the original text (2 vols., Oxford, 1838).

CARLETON, JAMES HENRY, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Maine. In Feb. 1839, during what was called the Aroostook campaign, arising out of boundary disputes between the United States and Great Britain, he became captain of a company of Maine riflemen, and on the settlement of the dispute was appointed 2d lieutenant in the first U. S. dragoons. He became 1st lieutenant in March, 1845; served on Gen. Wool's staff in Mexico; was promoted to be captain in Feb. 1847, and brevetted major for gallantry at Buena Vista; and after the war served on the western frontier and in California and Utah; When the civil war broke out he was ordered by Gen. Sumner to southern California. In Sept. 1861, he was promoted to be major in the 6th cavalry. The following spring he raised a body of volunteers, known as the "column from California," and marched with them across the Yuma and Gila deserts, through Arizona to Mesilla on the Rio Grande. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers April 28, 1862, and ordered to relieve Gen. Canby in command of the department of New Mexico, Gen. Carleton is the author of a "History of the Battle of Buena Vista, and of the Operations of the Army of Occupation for one Month" (12mo., New York, 1848).

CARNIFEX FERRY, a point upon the Gauley river, near Summerville, the capital of Nicholas co.. Va., where a battle was fought between the U. S. troops and confederates, Sept. 10, 1861. Gen. Floyd had intrenched himself in a strong position on the top of a mountain on the W. bank of the river, having under his command 5,000 men, with about 16 pieces of artillery. His rear and the extreme of both flanks were inaccessible; in front his defences consisted of a parapet battery flanked by breast

works of logs, and on the left of his centre, where he was comparatively open to attack, a double breastwork was erected; his whole front was masked by forests and a close thicket. Thus by natural position and by the artificial defences thrown up, the place was of most formidable strength. On Sept. 10 Gen. Rosecrans, with a brigade of Ohio troops, and having under him Gen. Benham, marched 17 miles, passing through Summerville, with the design of finding and attacking Gen. Floyd, of whose exact position he was ignorant, though he knew he was in the vicinity of Gauley river. Gen. Rosecrans himself made a reconnoissance, and, having observed the strength and obscurity of Floyd's position, directed Gen. Benham to advance cautiously, the purpose being not to bring on a general engagement, but to discover more definitely where the enemy lay. When the column had reached a point but a few hundred yards from the confederate works, it was opened upon with a severe fire, and was compelled to withdraw a short distance; then halting, Gen. Benham ordered up his artillery and threw a hot fire of shells into the intrenchments. It appeared that the weak point of the position was the right flank, and thither two regiments were ordered to proceed. One of these did so, but the other failed to join in time, and the consequence was that the first regiment, unsupported, was able to do no more than make a reconnoissance of the position. During this time two separate advances were made by single regiments against the left of Gen. Floyd, but they were repulsed by a heavy fire, Col. Lowe, of the 12th Ohio regiment, falling dead at the head of his men. The action, which had increased from a reconnoissance to a battle, had thus far been fought in a desultory manner by single regiments. Gen. Rosecrans at first decided to make a final assault upon the intrenchments and attempt to carry the works by storm; but in the midst of the movement the order was countermanded, it being thought imprudent to make the assault without a more thorough reconnoissance. It was now quite dark, the fight having continued from 3 P. M., and the national troops lay on their arms all night, being well posted for resuming the attack in the morning. When the day broke, however, it was discovered that Gen. Floyd, startled by the furious attacks upon all vulnerable points of his position, and fearing that his retreat toward Lewisburg would be cut off, had fled during the night, leaving large quantities of arms, ammunition, camp stores, and equipage behind him. He had crossed the Gauley river, breaking down the bridge behind him, and destroying the ferry boat. There were no means by which the national troops could cross the river, and they were moreover too much fatigued to pursue. The Union loss in this action was about 20 killed and 100 wounded; that of the confederates was not ascertained. The force under Gen. Rosecrans did not exceed 4,000 men.

CARR, EUGENE A., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Erie co., N. Y., March 20, 1830. He was graduated at West Point in 1850, receiving a commission in the mounted rifles, and for several years was engaged in Indian warfare in New Mexico, Texas, and the far west. In a skirmish near Diablo mountain in 1854 he was severely wounded, and for his gallantry on this occasion was promoted to be 1st lieutenant in the 1st cavalry. In 1857 Lieut. Carr was ordered to Kansas, and during the troubles there was aid to Gov. Robert J. Walker. In 1858 he served under Col. Edwin V. Sumner in the Utah expedition, and in June of that year was made captain. In 1861 he received permission to accept the command of the 3d Illinois volunteer cavalry. In the battle of Pea ridge he had command of a division, and was severely wounded. For his gallantry on this occasion he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, dating from March 7, and assigned a command under Gen. Curtis in Arkansas. On July 17, 1862, he was promoted to be major in the 5th cavalry.

CARR, JOSEPH B., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Albany, N. Y., about 1824. He was apprenticed to a tobacconist at Troy, entered the volunteer militia, in which he rose to be colonel, and in April, 1861, was chosen lieutenant-colonel of the 2d New York volunteers. A few weeks later he was promoted to be colonel, and was ordered with his regiment to Newport News. During the campaign of the Chickahominy he was attached to Gen. Hooker's command. He was nominated brigadier-general in Sept. 1862.

CARRICK'S FORD, a ford on the Cheat river, in Tucker co., Va., 27 m. from Laurel hill, the scene of a battle fought July 13, 1861, by the national forces under Brig. Gen. Morris, Indiana volunteers, and the confederates under Brig. Gen. R. S. Garnett, of Virginia. After the defeat of the confederate forces at Rich mountain and the surrender of Col. Pegram, Gen. Garnett, who had been for a week at Laurel hill, attempted to retreat in the direction of St. George, but was overtaken at Carrick's ford by the advance of Gen. Morris's column, consisting of the 14th Ohio volunteers, and the 7th and 9th Indiana, with a section of Col. Barnett's battery, all under command of Capt. Benham of Gen. Morris's staff. Garnett had a strong position on a bluff commanding the ford, but it was turned by 6 companies of the 7th Indiana, and his force, consisting of the 23d and 37th Virginia regiments, a Georgia regiment, a battalion of infantry, 4 companies of cavalry, and a company of Virginia artillery, were routed, but only pursued for a mile, the attacking party being exhausted by a long march in the rain and mud, without food. Gen. Garnett was killed.

CARTER, SAMUEL POWHATAN, brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Elizabethton, Carter co., Tenn., Aug. 6, 1819. He was educated at Nassau Hall, N. J., and in

CEDAR MOUNTAIN, an eminence of a sugar-loaf shape in Culpepper co., Va., situated about midway between Culpepper Court House and the Rapidan river, where was fought, Aug. 9, 1862, a severe battle between a Union force commanded by Gen. N. P. Banks and the confederate armies of Gens. Jackson, Ewell, and A. P. Hill. On the 8th of the month Gen. Pope was at Culpepper Court House with a large portion of the army which, under his command, was operating in the direction of Richmond, in order to afford Gen. McClellan an opportunity to retire unmolested from the James river. Ascertaining on that day that his cavalry advance under Gens. Crawford and Bayard, which had been skirmishing along the line of the Rapidan, had fallen back in consequence of the passage of the river in force by the enemy, he sent forward Gen. Banks with the divisions of Augur and Williams to hold them in check. On the morning of the 9th Banks drew up his forces on an open and elevated plateau somewhat more than a mile distant from Cedar mountain, the densely wooded slopes of which were occupied by heavy confederate batteries, while their infantry were posted along a range of elevations and ravines, also wooded, opposite the Union right wing. The whole Union line occupied lower ground than that of the confederates, and was much less protected by natural defences. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon the confederates opened from their batteries on the mountain side, and for several hours a severe artillery contest raged between the two armies, the advantage of position being decidedly with the confederates, who were enabled to pour a destructive enfilading fire into the Union lines. At 5 o'clock, the confederate infantry being reported to be in great force on the Union right, Gen. Banks ordered forward the troops of Augur with a portion of those of Williams, and the battle soon became general. Notwithstanding, however, that the Union artillery, which had now obtained the range of the enemy's position, was beginning to reply with vigor, the right wing was so greatly annoyed by the fire from some batteries concealed in the opposite woods, that Gen. Banks determined to attempt their capture. Accordingly, between 6 and 7 o'clock, 3 desperate charges were made against this part of the confederate line by the brigades of Crawford, Geary, and Gordon. On each occasion they were received by a deadly fire from the infantry concentrated in the woods, and compelled to fall back with severe loss. But although the attempts to take the batteries proved unsuccessful, they developed the position and numbers of the confederate force with such exactness, that the Union artillery was enabled to open with great effect upon that part of their line. The confederate loss was here very severe, Gens. Winder and Trimble being among the killed. The Union loss was also considerable, and shortly after 7 o'clock Gen. Banks, finding himself confronted by a greatly superior VOL. XVI.-45

force, fell slowly back to meet the supports under Pope which were close at hand. The latter general arrived about this time upon the field with portions of Sigel's and McDowell's corps, and the exhausted troops of Banks retired behind Ricketts's division, which, owing to the contracted area of the field, could not deploy upon it until Banks had retired. The infantry firing ceased soon after, but the cannonade between the armies was maintained until midnight, an unusually bright moonlight rendering objects and positions distinctly visible. Both armies rested on their arms during the remainder of the night, the Union forces having retired nearly a mile from their original position, and at daybreak of the 10th sharp skirmishing recommenced along the lines. But the main body of the confederates, notwithstanding they had been heavily reenforced by Gen. A. P. Hill, fell back several miles, leaving the field of battle in possession of their adversaries, and requesting permission to bury their dead. The loss on each side probably exceeded 2,000 in killed, wounded, and missing. Gen. Banks was severely injured by being thrown from his horse in consequence of a collision with a runaway horse.

CENTREVILLE. See BULL RUN.

CHAPMANVILLE, a post town of Logan co., in the extreme western part of Virginia, near which a sharp skirmish took place Sept. 26, 1861, between the 34th regiment of Ohio zouaves, a portion of the 1st Kentucky, and 200 Virginia home guards on one side, and 500 confederates on the other. The latter were in a strong position behind breastworks, but the zouave regiment carried the intrenchment by storm, killing Col. J. W. Davis, and completely routing the whole force of the confederates. The Union loss was 4 killed and 8 wounded; that of the confederates, 30 killed, 50 wounded, and several taken prisoners.

CHEAT MOUNTAIN, a portion of the Alleghany range, on the eastern boundary of Pocahontas co., Va., which was the scene of severe skirmishing between a few hundred of the national forces and about 9,000 confederates under Gen. R. E. Lee, on Sept. 12 and 13, 1861. The affair was important rather because it prevented the confederates from gaining a strong position than on account of its magnitude. The latter advanced on Sept. 12 against Gen. Reynolds, who with one brigade was in camp at Elkwater; two companies of infantry checked the enemy's column. The confederates then threw a force of 5,000 between the post at Elkwater and that on Cheat summit, the two being separated by a bridle path of 7 miles over the mountains, and by a wagon road of 18 miles, leading by way of Huttonsville; on this latter road the enemy took their second position. An attack was ordered to be made by the Union troops from each camp; both attacking parties were small, but advantageously placed. They both started on the 12th, and skirmished lightly with the enemy, no decisive result being reach