member of the state legislature for one session, and in the spring of 1861 was chosen colonel of the 10th Indiana volunteers. He commanded a brigade at the battle of Mill Spring, and was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers March 24, 1862. He was placed under Maj. Gen. Nelson's command, and stationed at Richmond, Ky., where on Aug. 30 he was attacked and defeated by a superior force of the enemy. MARCY, RANDOLPH B., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Massachusetts, was graduated at West Point in 1832 and appointed brevet 2d lieutenant in the 4th infantry; became 2d lieutenant Nov. 25, 1835, 1st lieutenant June 22, 1837, assistant commissary of subsistence in April, 1838, and captain May 18, 1846; served in the expedition to Utah under Gen. A. S. Johnston in 1857-'8; commanded a detachment sent to New Mexico to procure supplies in Nov. 1857, and was absent till March, 1858, during which time his party suffered exceedingly from the severity of the weather, and were obliged to feed upon their mules; became paymaster, with the rank of major, Aug. 22, 1859; was appointed inspector-general, with the rank of colonel, Aug. 9, 1861; was attached as chief of staff to the army of the Potomac under Gen. McClellan (his sonin-law), and nominated brigadier-general of volunteers, Sept. 23, 1861, but as the senate did not confirm the nomination, it expired by constitutional limitation, July 17, 1862. It was however renewed by the president in Sept. 1862. Gen. Marcy was attached to the staff of Gen. McClellan during his campaigns in eastern Virginia and Maryland.

MARSH, CATHARINE, an English authoress, born in Colchester about 1815. She has for many years devoted herself to the interests of the working classes, and her writings consist chiefly of religious tales designed for their improvement, and have been very widely circulated. Her best known productions are "English Hearts and English Hands," "Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars," and "Light for the Line, or the Story of Thomas Ward, a Railway Workman," of the last of which 126,000 copies had been sold at the beginning of 1862. At Beckenham, Kent, the place of her residence, she has organized schools and an institute for the railway laborers.

MARTIN, THEODORE, a British author, born in Edinburgh in 1816. He was educated at the high school and university of his native city, studied law, practised his profession for several years in Edinburgh, and in 1846 removed to London, where he has ever since employed himself as a parliamentary solicitor. His first important publication was the "Book of Ballads, by Bon Gaultier," a series of burlesque pieces and parodies, written originally for various periodicals in conjunction with Professor W. E. Aytoun. He was associated with the same gentleman in a translation of the "Poems and Ballads of Goethe" (1858), and has also translated the Correggio and Aladdin

of Oehlenschläger; "King René's Daughter," a lyrical drama by the Danish poet Henrik Hartz, which has been represented on the stage; "The Odes of Horace," in English verse (1860); "The Poems of Catullus," in English verse, with an introduction and notes (1861); and Dante's Vita nuova (1862). He married Miss Helen Faucitt the actress.

MARTINDALE, JOHN HENRY, brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born at Sandy Hill, Washington co., N. Y., March 20, 1815. He was graduated at West Point in 1835 as third in his class, and commissioned brevet 2d lieutenant of artillery, but at his own request was transferred to the 1st dragoons. In 1836 he resigned his commission, became a civil engineer, afterward studied law with his father, and practised successively at Batavia and Rochester. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers Aug. 9, 1861, and assigned a command near Washington. He accompanied Gen. McClellan to Yorktown, and was in all the battles of the campaign before Richmond, his brigade forming part of the 5th army corps, under Gen. Fitz John Porter. After the retreat to James river he was for awhile absent from duty on account of sickness, and on his recovery charges of misconduct at the battle of Malvern hills were preferred against him, and investigated (Oct. 1862) by a court of inquiry, which fully acquitted him.

MASON, FRANCIS, D.D., an American clergyman and missionary, born in York, England, April 2, 1799. He was apprenticed to a shoemaker, and at the age of 19 emigrated to Philadelphia, where an uncle had offered him a home. The uncle dying soon after his arrival, he led a wandering and aimless life for several years. In 1825 he settled at Canton, Mass., joined the Baptist church, entered the theological seminary at Newton, Mass., in 1827, and in May, 1830, having been ordained, sailed with his wife for Calcutta as a missionary of the board of the triennial Baptist convention (afterward the American Baptist missionary union) to the Karens. At Calcutta he acquired the Burmese and Karen languages, being the first missionary who ever attempted to preach in the latter, as well as the author of the first book written in the language, "The Sayings of the Elders." He prepared Pali and Burmese grammars, which the Asiatic society ordered to be published at their expense, and acquired the Sanscrit, Talaing, Siamese, Chinese, Syriac, Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, and German languages. In 1853 he published his translation into Karen of the whole Bible, the New Testament having already been 3 times revised, and being regarded as the best specimen of Karen literature extant. Having published the Scriptures and other books in two dialects of the Karen language, the Pwo and Sgau, he reduced to writing a third, the Bghai, and translated the whole of the New Testament and several books of the Old, as well as several other books, into this. Having nearly 25,000 of the Karens dependent upon him

for medical advice, he early commenced the study of medicine, and published a small work on materia medica and pathology in one of the Karen dialects. He has also cultivated the natural sciences, and his contributions on the geology, botany, and natural history of southern Burmah, to the Boston natural history society and the New York lyceum of natural history, have been of great interest and importance. He has also edited for 20 years the "Morning Star," a Karen monthly magazine, a part of the time in both the Sgau and Pwo dialects. In 1853 Brown university conferred on him the degree of D.D., and he has been elected a member of the royal Asiatic society, London, the American oriental society, the Boston natural history society, and the New York lyceum of natural history. Dr. Mason's publications in English are: "Report of the Tavoy Mission Society;" "Life of Kotha-byn," published first in Burmah, and afterward in Boston under the title of "The Karen Apostle," and still later in London, and also translated into German; "Memoir of Mrs. Helen M. Mason" (New York, 1847); "Memoir of San-Quala" (Boston, 1850); and "Burmah, its People and Natural Productions" (Maulmain, 1852; new and enlarged ed., Rangoon, 1861).

MAYSVILLE, BATTLE OF. See PEA RIDge. MEADE, GEORGE G., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Spain in 1816, entered the military academy at West Point from the District of Columbia, and was graduated there in 1839 and appointed 2d lieutenant in the 3d artillery; resigned his commission Oct. 26, 1836; was appointed 2d lieutenant in the topographical engineers, May 19, 1842; was brevetted 1st lieutenant for gallantry at Monterey in 1846; became 1st lieutenant in Aug. 1851, captain May 19, 1856, major in June, 1862, and brigadier-general of volunteers Aug. 31, 1861. He commanded a brigade in McCall's division of Pennsylvania reserves in the army of the Potomac until Sept. 1862, when he took command of a division in the army corps under Gen. Reynolds. He was severely wounded in the battle of White Oak swamp, June 30, 1862. MEAGHER, THOMAS FRANCIS, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Waterford, Ireland, Aug. 3, 1823. He was educated first at the Jesuit college of Clongowes, county Kildare, and afterward at Stonyhurst college near Preston, England. Leaving the latter in 1843, he took a prominent part in Irish politics, and in 1846 was one of the leaders of the "Young Ireland" party, which seceded from the followers of O'Connell and organized the "Irish confederation." His oratorical powers made him a great favorite with his party, and in 1848 he was one of the delegates sent to congratulate the French republic. On his return he was arrested for sedition, and held to bail. Meanwhile the treason-felony act was passed by parliament, and the leaders, after the banishment of Mitchel, being pre

cluded from addressing meetings in the cities, were compelled to throw themselves on the country districts. Charges of treason were now made against them; and among others a reward of £300 was offered for Meagher. After many adventures he was finally captured near Rathgannon, between Clonoulty and Holy Cross, in August. He was tried in Clonmel in October, found guilty, and sentenced to death; on which occasion he made a memorable speech. The sentence was subsequently commuted to banishment for life to Van Diemen's Land, from which he escaped and landed in New York in May, 1852. He lectured with great success throughout the country, and in 1854 visited California. On his return he studied law and entered upon its practice. In 1856 he edited the "Irish News," a weekly journal, in the following year visited Central America, and subsequently made a more protracted visit to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In 1861 he raised a company and joined the 69th regiment New York state militia, under Col. Corcoran, and served with gallantry throughout the first campaign on the Potomac. Acting as major at Bull run, he had his horse shot under him. After the return of the regiment he raised an Irish brigade, and was commissioned brigadiergeneral of volunteers, Feb. 3, 1862. He was attached to the army corps of Gen. Sumner during the battles before Richmond, and in the battle of Antietam his brigade fought in Gen. Richardson's division of that corps. He is now (Dec. 1862) attached to Gen. Couch's corps, and was wounded in the battle of Fredericsburg, Dec. 13, 1862.

MEIGS, MONTGOMERY CUNNINGHAM, quartermaster-general of the U. S. army, born in Georgia about 1816, was appointed a cadet from Pennsylvania, and was graduated at West Point in 1836 and appointed 2d lieutenant in the 1st artillery; was transferred Nov. 1, 1836, to the engineers; was once more transferred to the artillery and again to the engineers in Oct. 1837; became 1st lieutenant July 7, 1838; was appointed to superintend the new buildings for the extension of the capitol at Washington in Nov. 1852; became captain in March, 1853, and added to his other duties those of superintendent of the Washington aqueduct in Nov. 1858; was dismissed from these employments by Secretary Floyd in 1859, but was appointed by President Lincoln quartermastergeneral, with the rank of brigadier-general in the regular army, May 15, 1861.

MEMPHIS, BATTLE OF, a naval action fought June 6, 1862. After the evacuation of Fort Wright (see FORT WRIGHT), the Union fleet, including 5 iron-clad gunboats under command of Capt. Charles H. Davis (the Benton, Carondelet, St. Louis, Louisville, and Cairo), and a flotilla of steam rams commanded by Col. Charles Ellet, jr., including the Monarch, Queen of the West, Lioness, Switzerland, Mingo, Lancaster No. 3, Fulton, Hornet, and Samson, proceeded down the river to a point near Memphis.

The confederate fleet, commanded by Capt. Edward Montgomery, comprised the Van Dorn, General Price, General Bragg, General Lovell, Little Rebel, Jeff. Thompson, Sumter, and General Beauregard; they were gunboats strengthened for use as rams. At 5 A. M. on the 6th the confederate fleet, then lying under the Arkansas shore, opposite the city of Memphis, moved out into the stream to meet the Union squadron, forming a line across the river, and a brisk fire was soon opened, in which the confederate fleet and the Union gunboats alone were engaged; this had continued but a short time when the Union rams, the Queen of the West and the Monarch, came into the contest, they being the only members of the ram fleet engaged during the fight, and at their appearance the Union gunboats ceased firing for the time. The Queen of the West struck directly at the Beauregard, missed her, and delivered her blow upon the General Price, inflicting so serious an injury that the latter floated ashore and was captured. At the instant of striking the General Price, however, the Queen of the West herself received a severe blow from the Beauregard, and was in her turn disabled, floating down stream. Meanwhile the Monarch had assaulted the General Lovell, crushing in the latter's sides at a blow, and causing her to sink at once; though many of her crew were saved by the Union boats, it is supposed that at least 50 were drowned. The Monarch then attacked and sunk the Beauregard, after which she passed out of the battle, going down the river to aid the disabled Queen of the West. Thereupon the Union gunboats again opened fire; a shot from the Cairo disabled the Little Rebel, which drifted ashore and was captured; the pilot of the Sumter became frightened and ran his vessel ashore, leaving her to be captured; the Jeff. Thompson, struck by two shots, drifted down the river and was set on fire by her crew, her magazine and boilers exploding; the General Bragg engaged in a fierce encounter with the Union gunboat Benton, and was so severely injured that her crew set fire to and abandoned her, but the flames were extinguished and she was captured; the last of the confederate fleet, the Van Dorn, escaped down the river; and thus the battle ended, after lasting an hour and 15 minutes. The city was at once surrendered. Col. Ellet, in command of the ram fleet, was mortally wounded; there was no other casualty on the Union side.

MILFORD, a place in Johnson co., Mo., a few miles N. of Warrensburg, which was the scene of a slight skirmish between the confederates of Price's army and the Union troops under Gen. Pope on Dec. 18, 1861; the affair was chiefly important for the number of prisoners taken, and for the embarrassment caused to Gen. Price. The latter, with his principal force, was at or near Osceola, on the Osage river, and a large number of recruits with a considerable quantity of supplies were on their way from the Mississippi river to join him.

In order to cut off these, Gen. Pope started from Sedalia on Dec. 15, with a force of 4,000 men, and made rapid marches in the direction of Warrensburg; on the 16th a body of the confederates, 2,000 strong, were pursued by 10 companies of cavalry and a section of artillery till midnight, at which time they had diminished to 500, one entire cavalry company, with tents, baggage, and wagons, having been captured; they then scattered in various directions, and were seen no more. The Union detachment which had accomplished this result having rejoined the main command of Gen. Pope, the march was continued toward Warrensburg; when near that town it was reported that a large force of the confederates were moving from a point N. E. of it, and that they would encamp at Milford, on a fork of Blackwater creek. Late in the afternoon of the 18th the advance of Gen. Pope, 8 companies of cavalry and a section of artillery, came upon the confederates, on the Blackwater opposite the mouth of Clear creek; the stream was only to be crossed by a long and narrow bridge, which they held. Two companies of U. S. cavalry charged upon it, drove back the force holding it, and, followed by the rest of the troops, formed on the opposite side; an attack was then made in front, while a portion of the cavalry advanced upon the flank and rear. Thus cut off, the confederates fired one volley and then surrendered. Their fire killed one Union soldier and wounded 8. The force surrendered consisted of 1,300 men, including 3 colonels, a lieutenant-colonel, a major, and 51 commissioned officers; the property captured comprised 500 horses and mules, 73 wagons heavily loaded with powder, a quantity of lead, tents, subistence stores, and 1,000 stand of arms.

MILL SPRING, a post village of Wayne co., Ky., about 15 m. S. W. of Somerset, Pulaski co., near which a battle was fought Jan. 19, 1862, between the Union forces under Gen. G. H. Thomas and the confederates under Gens. Zollicoffer and G. B. Crittenden. Zollicoffer, with about 12,000 men, was in an intrenched camp on the Cumberland river near Mill Spring, and hearing that the Union force before him was divided between Columbia and Somerset, he determined to attack the Columbia division by itself, inasmuch as he was then cut off from all means of obtaining supplies by the Cumberland river. Accordingly, on Jan. 19, he ordered an advance upon the Union lines, where Gen. Thomas had only about 5,000 men. A sharp fight was kept up for an hour, at the expiration of which time a dashing charge turned the confederate flank, and sent the whole force retreating to their intrenchments, whither the Union troops followed. A bombardment of the confederate position was then kept up till dark, and preparations were made for a general assault the next morning; before day broke, however, the works were evacuated in haste, and Gen. Thomas took possession of them. Among the property captured were 12 pieces

of artillery with caissons full of ammunition, a battery wagon and 2 forges, 150 wagons, 1,000 horses and mules, and a great quantity of camp equipage. During the battle of the 19th Gen. Zollicoffer and 190 others of the confederates were killed, and 151 wounded. The Union loss was 39 killed and 207 wounded.

MILROY, ROBERT H., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Indiana about 1814. He studied law, was admitted to the bar, and during the Mexican war served as captain in the 1st Indiana volunteers. He entered the service in 1861 as a brigadier-general of Indiana volunteers, was a valuable officer in western Virginia under McClellan and Rosecrans, commanded the forces engaged at Carrick's ford, and was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers Sept. 3, 1861. He served subsequently under Fremont and Sigel, and took part in the second battle of Bull run.

MITCHELL, ROBERT B., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Ohio about 1825. He was educated at Washington college, Penn., studied law, and was admitted to the bar. In 1847 he enlisted in a regiment of Ohio volunteers for the Mexican war, and rose to be 1st lieutenant. On the conclusion of peace he resumed his profession, and in 1857 removed to Kansas, where he took an active part with the free state men in their struggle with the pro-slavery party. He was a member of the territorial legislature in 1857-'8, and treasurer of the territory from 1858 to 1861. When the civil war commenced he became colonel of the 2d Kansas volunteers, was severely wounded at the battle of Wilson's creek, and shortly afterward, his regiment having been disbanded, raised a regiment of cavalry. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers April 8, 1862, and ordered to Tennessee, where he was afterward placed in command of the 13th division of Gen. Buell's army. MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM R., brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in New Jersey, was graduated at West Point in 1825 as brevet 2d lieutenant in the 3d infantry, was promoted to be 2d lieutenant in 1826, and 1st lieutenant in 1833. He performed the duties of disbursing officer at the removal of the Choctaw Indians from Mississippi to their reservation, was made captain in the 8th infantry in 1838, and served on the northern frontier during the troubles in Canada. In 1840 he was ordered to Fort Winnebago, and thence to Florida, where he served in the Seminole war. In the Mexican war he was distinguished at the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, in the latter of which he was wounded, and won the brevet of major. He served under Gen. Scott at Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, Churubusco, and Molino del Rey, where he was again wounded, and was brevetted colonel for gallant and meritorious conduct. He succeeded to the command of the 8th infantry, which he led at Chapultepec and the taking of the city of Mexico. After the war he was promoted to be

major in the 2d infantry, and proceeded with part of that regiment to Fort Riley in Kansas, about the time of the organization of that territory. Although the course he there pursued was one of strict impartiality, his personal feelings were in favor of the free state men, and Jefferson Davis, then secretary of war, caused his dismissal from the army in Dec. 1855. In 1861 he was placed in command of the 1st regiment New Jersey volunteers, and just before the first battle of Bull run was in command at Vienna, Va., from which place on the day of the battle he was ordered to join Gen. McDowell; but on his way he met the retreating national army, and covered their rear. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunters May 17, 1861, and made military governor of Alexandria. In 1862 he was made military commandant of Philadelphia.

MORELL, GEORGE W., major-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born at Cooperstown, Otsego co., N. Y. He was graduated at West Point, first in his class, in 1835, appointed 2d lieutenant of engineers, and was for 16 months stationed at Fort Adams, Newport, R. I., under Col. (now Gen.) Joseph G. Totten. He resigned his commission in 1837, became a civil engineer, and was engaged on several railroad lines in North and South Carolina and Michigan until 1840, when he removed to New York city, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. From 1849 to 1861 he served on the staff of Maj. Gen. Sanford, of the New York state militia, as division engineer, and afterward as division inspector. He accompanied Gen. Sanford to the Potomac as division inspector and chief of staff, with the rank of colonel, in May, 1861, and on Aug. 9 was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers. He was assigned to Gen. Fitz John Porter's division in the army of the Potomac; participated in the siege of Yorktown, where he was "general of the trenches;" and took Gen. Porter's division when that officer was promoted to the command of the 5th army corps, May 18, 1862. He was in the battles of Hanover Court House, Mechanicsville, Gainos's mill, and Malvern hills, and was promoted to be major-general July 4. At the battle of Antietam he was in reserve with the rest of Gen. Porter's corps. He is now (December) military governor of Hagerstown, Md.

MORGAN, EDWIN DENNISON, governor of New York and major-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born at Washington, Berkshire co., Mass., Feb. 8, 1811. In 1822 he entered the service of a grocer in Hartford, Conn., whose partner he became in 1831. In 1836 he removed to New York, where his commercial enterprises were highly successful. In 1849 he was elected, as a whig, member of the state senate, and served in that body for 4 years. He early attached himself to the republican party, was one of the vicepresidents of the national convention at Pittsburg, Feb. 22, 1856, and was made chairman of its national committee, which office he still holds. In 1858 he was elected governor of New