and humanity he then displayed. He was made brigadier-general of volunteers Aug. 9, 1861, and was assigned to a command in the advance under Gen. McClellan. In March, 1862, he was appointed military governor of the District of Columbia. He was the candidate of the republican party for governor of New York in Nov. 1862, but was defeated by Mr. Horatio Seymour. In December following he was assigned to the command of a division in the army of the Potomac under Gen. Burnside.

WALLACE, LEWIS, major-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Fountain co., Ind., about 1828. He is a son of ex-Governor Wallace of Indiana, studied law in his father's office, and commenced practice at Crawfordsville in that state, but during the Mexican war served as 2d lieutenant in the 1st Indiana volunteers. He afterward resumed his profession, and for one term was a member of the state senate from Montgomery county. When the civil war broke out he was appointed adjutantgeneral of Indiana, and soon afterward colonel of a regiment of zouaves enlisted for 3 months, with whom he took part in the battle of Romney and other operations in western Virginia. At the close of their term of service they were reorganized under his command as the 11th Indiana volunteers and sent to Missouri. On Sept. 3 he was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers, was assigned a brigade under Gen. C. F. Smith, and for some time was in command at Smithland, Ky. He led a division at the capture of Fort Donelson, where he won his promotion to the rank of major-general, dating from March 21, and was distinguished for his gallantry at the battle of Shiloh. After the evacuation of Corinth he was ordered with his division to Memphis. In Nov. 1862, he was appointed president of the court of inquiry assembled to investigate Gen. Buell's conduct in Kentucky.

WALLACE, WILLIAM HARVEY LAMB, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Urbana, O., July 8, 1821, died at Savannah, Tenn., April 10, 1862. In 1833 his father removed with his family to Illinois. During the winter of 1844-5 young Wallace, the eldest of 5 brothers who have all taken part in the civil war, went to Springfield to study law. He afterward studied at Ottawa, and was admitted to the bar in 1846, but did not practise until his return from the Mexican campaign, at the commencement of which he enlisted as a private in Col. Hardin's 1st regiment Illinois volunteers. He became lieutenant and adjutant, and took part in the battle of Buena Vista. In 1853 he was elected state's attorney for the 9th judicial circuit. In May, 1861, he was elected colonel of the 11th Illinois volunteers, and early in Feb. 1862, was placed in command of the first brigade of McClernand's division of Gen. Grant's army. He bore a conspicuous part in the capture of Fort Donelson, was appointed brigadier-general in March, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Shiloh.

WASHBURN, CADWALLADER COLDEN, brig adier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Livermore, Me., April 22, 1818. He was educated as a land surveyor, and in 1839 went to Illinois, where he soon afterward began to study law. After his admission to the bar he settled at Mineral Point, Wis., and in 1859 removed to La Crosse. He was a representative from Wisconsin in the 34th, 35th, and 36th congresses. In 1861 he raised a regiment of cavalry, of which he became colonel, and on July 16, 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers. In December he conducted a successful expedition from Helena, Ark., into the interior of Mississippi.

WEBER, MAX, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Baden, Germany, Aug. 24, 1824. He entered the military school of Karlsruhe in 1841, was graduated in 1844, and until 1849 held a commission in the Badenese service. During the Baden revolution of 1849 he served in the revolutionary army under the command of Gen. Sigel, and in 1850 emigrated to America and took up his residence in New York. In April, 1861, he was elected colonel of the 20th New York ("Turner") regiment of volunteers, and proceeded with his command to Fortress Monroe. In the succeeding August he accompanied a portion of his regiment to Fort Hatteras under orders from Gen. Butler, and from September until May, 1862, was in command at Camp Hamilton near Fortress Monroe, having in the interval been appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers. During the fight between the Monitor and Merrimac he was stationed at Newport News in anticipation of an attack by the rebel forces from Yorktown. On May 11 he occupied Norfolk with his brigade, and was afterward stationed at Suffolk, Va. In the battle of Antietam he commanded a brigade in French's division of Gen. Sumner's army corps, and was slightly wounded.

WEBSTER, JOSEPH D., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born at Old Hampton, N. H., May 25, 1811. He was educated at Dartmouth college, became a civil engineer, was appointed 2d lieutenant in the corps of topographical engineers in 1888, and served with distinction through the Mexican war. He was promoted to be 1st lieutenant in 1849, and captain in 1853. In 1854 he resigned his commission and settled in Chicago, Ill. He accompanied the first body of troops that went from Chicago to Cairo in April, 1861, and took charge of the fortifications at that place, Bird's Point, and Fort Holt, and at the same time acted as paymaster at Cairo. He also, at the request of the late Gen. Charles F. Smith, erected the fortifications at Paducah. In Feb. 1862, he was appointed colonel of the 1st regiment of Illinois artillery, and was present at the capture of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. At the battle of Shiloh he was placed in charge of all the artillery, and received the highest commendation in Gen. Grant's official report. He remained with Gen. Grant as chief of his

staff until Oct. 1862, when he was detailed by the war department to make a survey of the Illinois and Michigan canal, for the purpose of obtaining a correct estimate of the cost of the proposed enlargement of that work. He was nominated brigadier-general of volunteers Oct. 14, 1862.

WEITZEL, GODFREY, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Ohio about 1833, was graduated at West Point, second in his class, in 1855, appointed brevet 2d lieutenant of engineers, and promoted to be 1st lieutenant in 1860. When Gen. Butler was appointed to the department of the gulf, Lieut. Weitzel was attached to his staff. He became assistant military commander and acting mayor of New Orleans after its capture, and while acting in these capacities was nominated brigadier-general of volunteers. In Oct. 1862, he was placed in command of the reserve brigade, with which he took possession of Donaldsonville, and on Oct. 27 routed a large force of the enemy at Labadieville, capturing 200 prisoners and a quantity of arms and ammunition.

WESSELLS, HENRY WALTON, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Litchfield, Conn., Feb. 20, 1809. At the age of 19 he entered the military school of Capt. Partridge at Middletown, Conn., and the next year went to West Point, where he was graduated in 1833. He was brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 2d infantry; was engaged in the Creek war in Georgia in 1835, and the Seminole war in Florida in 1837-'43; was promoted to be 1st lieutenant in 1838, and captain in 1847; was brevetted major for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, in the former of which engagements he was wounded; and after the close of the war with Mexico went with his regiment to California, and thence in 1854 to Kansas and Nebraska. In June, 1861, he was appointed major in the 6th infantry. During the winter of 1861-2 he was granted leave of absence, and organized the 8th regiment of Kansas volunteers. In the spring he joined his own regiment before Yorktown, in Gen. Sykes's command. He was commissioned brigadier-general of volunteers April 25, 1862.

WHIPPLE, AMIEL W., brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Greenwich, Mass., was graduated at West Point in 1841, commissioned brevet 2d lieutenant in the 1st artillery, and then transferred to the topographical engineers. In 1841 he was engaged in the hydrographical survey of the Patapsco river, and in 1842 in surveying the approaches to New Orleans and the harbor of Portsmouth, N. H. In 1844 he was detailed as assistant astronomer upon the north-eastern boundary survey, and in 1845 was employed in determining the northern boundaries of New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire. In 1849 he was appointed assistant astronomer on the Mexican boundary commission, and became 1st lieutenant in 1851. His journal while in Mexico was published by order of congress. He returned to

Washington in the spring of 1853, was then ordered to direct the southern Pacific railroad survey, and was employed one year in this service. In July, 1855, he was promoted to be captain of topographical engineers, and in Jan. 1856, appointed lighthouse engineer, inspector of the 10th lighthouse district, and afterward superintendent of the improvement of St. Clair flats and St. Mary's river. In the spring of 1861 he was made chief engineer on the staff of Gen. McDowell, was present at the first battle of Bull run, and was afterward employed on surveys for fortifications. He was promoted to be major of engineers, Sept. 9, 1861. Upon the second advance of the army he was attached to the staff of Gen. McClellan, made brigadiergeneral of volunteers in May, 1862, and placed in charge of all the fortifications and garrisons on the S. side of the Potomac. Shortly afterward he was promoted to the command of a division in the 9th army corps.

WHITE, JULIUS, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born at Cazenovia, Madison co., N. Y., Sept. 29, 1816. He removed to Illinois in 1836, and has resided in that state, Missouri, and Wisconsin since that time, engaged in commercial pursuits. In 1849 he was a member of the Wisconsin legislature. In the spring of 1861 he was appointed collector of customs at Chicago, which office he resigned upon being appointed to the command of the 37th regiment Illinois volunteers, then known as the Fremont rifle regiment. He commanded the 37th during Fremont's expedition to S. W. Missouri in the autumn of 1861, and was afterward placed in command of a brigade and accompanied Gen. Curtis into Arkansas during the winter of 1861-2. He was present at the battle of Pea ridge, and was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general for gallant conduct in that battle, to date from June 9, 1862. He was assigned to a command in the department of the Shenandoah, and afterward ordered to report to Gen. Wool. In September he was at Martinsburg, and when that place became untenable retired to Harper's Ferry. Here he volunteered to serve as second in command under his inferior officer Col. Miles, commanding that post, and acted in that capacity until the surrender of the place to the confederate Gen. Hill on the 15th, when he became a prisoner of war, but was released on parole. He was placed under arrest by the authorities at Washington, and at his own request a court of inquiry was ordered to investigate the circumstances of the surrender. The investigation resulted, early in November, in his entire acquittal, the commission finding that he acted with decided capability and courage.

WHITE OAK SWAMP. See CHICKAHOMINY. WHITING, WILLIAM HENRY CASE, a general in the service of the confederate states, born in Massachusetts, was graduated at West Point in 1845 and appointed 2d lieutenant in the corps of engineers; became 1st lieutenant in March, 1853, and captain in Dec. 1858; and resigned

his commission Feb. 20, 1861. He was chief en gineer, with the rank of major, to the army of the Shenandoah under Gen. J. E. Johnston, in June and July, 1861; was appointed brigadier-general, and commanded a brigade whose timely arrival saved for the confederates the battle of Bull run, July 21. He took part in the battle at West Point, Va., May 7, 1862. WILLCOX, ORLANDO BOLIVAR, brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Detroit, Mich., in 1823, was graduated at West Point in 1847, appointed 2d lieutenant in the 4th artillery, and ordered to Mexico. He was afterward stationed at Forts Washington, Ontario, Mifflin, and Independence, and served in Texas and during the final settlement of the Indian troubles in Florida. He became 1st lieutenant in 1850, and resigned his commission in 1857. In 1858 he was admitted to the bar of his native city, and practised his profession until 1861, when he obtained a commission as colonel of the 1st regiment Michigan volunteers. At the first movement of the army from Washington he was made military governor of Alexandria, and commanded a brigade at the first battle of Bull run, where he was severely wounded and taken prisoner. He was carried to Richmond, and subsequently removed to Castle Pinckney at Charleston, and thence to the common gaols in Charleston and Columbia, as one of the hostages for the privateers captured by the federal government. He remained in confinement until Aug. 1862, when his release was effected by a general exchange of prisoners; and as an acknowledgment of his services he was made brigadier-general of volunteers, his commission dating from July 21, 1861. After the battle of Antietam he was placed in command of the 9th army corps.

WILLIAMS, ALPHEUS STARKEY, brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Saybrook, Conn., Sept. 20, 1810. He was graduated at Yale college in 1831, and removed in 1836 to Detroit, where he practised law until 1841. He was judge of probate for his county from that time until 1845, and editor and proprietor of the Detroit "Daily Advertiser" from 1843 to 1847. He served in the Mexican war as lieutenant-colonel of Stockton's Michigan volunteers, and was postmaster of Detroit from 1848 to 1852. He was appointed brigadiergeneral of volunteers in May, 1861, and was on duty in Michigan organizing the volunteer regiments until September; was then ordered to report to Gen. Banks, and was assigned to the command of the 1st division in his corps in March, 1862. At the battle of Cedar mountain, Aug. 9, he commanded a division, of which one third were killed or wounded.

WILLIAMS, SETH, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Augusta, Me., March 22, 1822. He was graduated at West Point in 1842 and appointed brevet 2d lieutenant in the 2d artillery; was promoted to be 2d lieutenant in 1844, and 1st lieutenant in 1847; served with Gen. Scott's army in Mexico,

participating in the principal battles, as aide-decamp to Maj. Gen. Patterson, and was brevetted captain for gallantry at the battle of Cerro Gordo. After the war he was assigned to the adjutant-general's department, and promoted to be major Aug. 3, 1861. He was adjutant-general to Gen. McClellan in western Virginia, and continued in the same position on his staff until McClellan was relieved of the command of the army of the Potomac. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers Sept. 23, 1861, and lieutenant-colonel in the adjutant-general's office July 17, 1862.

WILLIAMS, THOMAS, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in the state of New York in 1818, killed at Baton Rouge, La., Aug. 5, 1862. He was graduated at West Point in 1837 and appointed 2d lieutenant in the 4th artillery; was promoted to be 1st lieutenant in 1840; was acting assistant professor of mathematics at West Point in 1840-'41; became aide-de-camp to Gen. Scott in 1844; and was brevetted captain in 1848 for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, and major in 1849 for gallantry at the battle of Chapultepec. He received his captain's commission in 1850. In May, 1861, he was appointed major in the 5th artillery, and in September received a commission as brigadier-general of volunteers. He first commanded a brigade on the Potomac, and afterward was placed in charge of the captured forts at Hatteras inlet, where he remained until ordered to join Gen. Butler's expedition to Ship island. After the capture of New Orleans he was placed in command of the land forces coöperating with the gunboat fleet in the attack upon Vicksburg. When the siege of that place was abandoned he went to Baton Rouge, and commanded the national forces there when the city was attacked by the confederates under Gen. Breckinridge. He fell while leading a Michigan regiment, toward the close of the action. WILSON'S CREEK. See SPRingfield, Mo., vol. xv.

WINCHESTER (VA.), BATTLE OF. (See WINCHESTER, Vol. xvi. p. 462.) On March 18 and 19, 1862, Gen. Shields found by reconnoissance that the confederates under Gen. T. J. Jackson were strongly posted near Newmarket, and within supporting distance of their main body under Johnston, at Luray and the village of Washington. In order to decoy Jackson from his position, Shields fell back as if retreating to Winchester, and posted his force in a secluded situation 2 m. from that place. On the morning of the 22d a part of Gen. Banks's corps departed for Centreville, leaving only Shields's division and the Michigan cavalry. At 5 P. M. of that day, the enemy's cavalry under Col. Ashby drove in the Union pickets and made an attack; but Shields led out a part of his troops and repulsed them, being himself wounded in the arm by a fragment of a shell on the first fire. During the night he ordered Kimball's brigade with Daum's artillery forward 3 m. on the road S. or toward Strasburg, where

they took a position along a ridge commanding the road and surrounding country, planting 3 batteries of artillery, and rested on their arms until morning. Sullivan's brigade with Brodhead's artillery were placed in the rear as a reserve. A reconnoissance in front on the morning of the 23d showed no other hostile force than Ashby's cavalry stationed at some distance; and Gen. Banks thereupon proceeded toward Washington under previous orders. The confederates had, however, been largely reënforced by troops under Jackson, the main body of which was formed in line on the ridge at about a mile's distance, being supported by a battery on each flank, but surrounded and masked by woods. The national force on the ground did not exceed 7,000, inclusive of 750 cavalry, and with 24 cannon; that of the confederates was not less than 11,000, including 1,500 cavalry, and having 24 cannon. Firing commenced and continued from the early part of the day, but much of it at too great a distance to be effective. About 12 o'clock evidences of the large infantry force in the woods were presented, and not long after the enemy pushed forward, endeavoring to turn the Union left, but were repulsed. Strengthening their left and centre, these were then advanced, compelling the Union right with Daum's batteries to retire. Gen. Shields at this juncture ordered Tyler's brigade, and soon after several other regiments, to the support of his right; the struggle at this point became desperate, and was for a time doubtful; but when the Union forces had all arrived, they dashed on the enemy with loud cheering, and the latter were soon forced back through the woods with considerable slaughter. Upon reaching their reserves they again made a stand, getting their guns in position; but after a few minutes of the same destructive fire they turn ed and finally retreated, leaving to the Union forces possession of the field, their killed and wounded, 2 cannon, and about 1,000 stand of arms. The retreat continued 5 miles, when darkness put an end to the pursuit. Meantime, large reënforcements had started to join Jackson, but the swelling of the Shenandoah by rains compelled them to abandon the attempt. Gen. Shields also had recalled the troops which had left on the previous morning, and called in his outposts; while Gen. Banks, returning from his way to Washington, had resumed command. At daylight of the 24th the national troops again opened fire with 24 pieces of artillery, following the enemy, who retreated in good order, as far as Woodstock; the pursuit was then abandoned owing to the exhaustion of the troops. The national loss amounted to about 132 killed and 540 wounded, among the former being Col. Murray of the 84th Pennsylvania regiment. The confederate loss was not less than 869 killed, wounded, and missing.

WOOD, THOMAS JEFFERSON, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Kentucky, Sept. 25, 1825. He was graduated at West Point in 1845, and appointed brevet 2d VOL. XVI.-54

lieutenant in the corps of topographical engineers. He was distinguished at the battle of Palo Alto, was assigned to the 2d dragoons in 1846, and was brevetted 1st lieutenant for gallantry at Buena Vista. In 1848 he was sent to the Texan frontier, and was in active service against the Indians with but a short interval until 1854. In 1855 he was promoted to be captain in the 1st cavalry, and remained on the western plains and in Utah until 1859, when he obtained leave of absence for two years, during which time he was appointed major. He returned from Europe just before the attack on Fort Sumter, and was ordered to Indiana to muster volunteers into the service, and promoted to be lieutenant-colonel of his regiment. In Oct. 1861, he was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers and assigned to a brigade in the army of the Ohio. On Nov. 12 he was promoted to be colonel of the 2d cavalry, and soon after appointed to the command of a camp of instruction at Bardstown, Ky. He was then placed in command of the 6th division of the army of the Ohio, which accomplished a difficult march of 140 miles in 8 days; but being detained opposite Pittsburg Landing for want of transportation, only two brigades under Gen. Wood arrived in time to take part in the battle of Shiloh. After the evacuation of Corinth he was stationed in Tennessee, and accompanied Gen. Buell's army in its march to Kentucky.

WOODBURY, DANIEL PHINEAS, brigadiergeneral of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in New Hampshire, was graduated at West Point in 1836, commissioned 2d lieutenant in the 3d artillery, and 1st lieutenant in the corps of engineers in 1838. In 1847 he established Forts Kearny and Laramie, two military posts on the Platte river. He was made captain of engineers in 1853, and from 1856 to 1860 was engaged in the construction of Fort Jefferson, Tortugas. When the civil war broke out he was in Wilmington, N. C., with difficulty passed through Virginia to Washington, was employed on the fortifications of that city from May, 1861, to March, 1862, and was then made brigadiergeneral of volunteers and placed in charge of the engineer brigade, which was actively employed during the campaign before Richmond and in December before Fredericsburg. He is the author of two papers on practical engineering published by the engineer department.

WORDEN, JOHN LORIMER, an officer in the U. S. navy, born at Mount Pleasant, Westchester co., N. Y., March 12, 1818. He was appointed midshipman in 1834 and lieutenant in 1840, and after nearly 9 years' sea service was ordered to the national observatory at Washington, where he remained until the breaking out of the Mexican war, when he was ordered to the store ship Southampton of the Pacific squadron. In 1850 he returned to the national observatory, where he remained about 2 years. From 1855 to 1858 he was 1st lieutenant at the Brooklyn navy yard. In April, 1861, he was sent overland with despatches from the secretary

of the navy to Capt. Adams of the frigate Sabine, then at Pensacola. Anticipating a speedy outbreak of hostilities, he committed his despatches to memory on the road, and destroyed them. On his arrival at Pensacola he was arrested by the confederate authorities, but released by order of Gen. Bragg and permitted to go on board the frigate. On his return northward he was again arrested near Montgomery by order of Gen. Bragg, and kept in the county gaol until November, when he was released on parole, and ordered to report to the adjutantgeneral at Richmond. Thence he was sent to Norfolk and exchanged. His health being impaired, he remained in New York until Feb. 1862, and then took command of the Ericsson battery Monitor, with which he engaged the Merrimac in Hampton roads, March 9. (See HAMPTON ROADS, in this supplement.) During the fight a shell from the Merrimac struck the pilot house of his vessel, and severely injured him by driving into his eyes powder from the shell and small particles of iron. After his recovery he was ordered on special duty in connection with the new iron-clad gunboats, of one of which, the Montauk, he now (Dec. 1862) has command. He was promoted to the rank of commander in the summer of 1862.

WRIGHT, GEORGE, brigadier-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Vermont about 1803, was graduated at West Point in 1822 and appointed 2d lieutenant in the 3d infantry; became 1st lieutenant Sept. 23, 1827; was adjutant from 1831 to 1836; became captain Oct. 30, 1836; was transferred to the 8th infantry July 7, 1838; was brevetted major for good conduct in the war against the Florida

OLLICOFFER, FELIX K., a general in the Maury co., Tenn., May 19, 1812, killed at the battle of Mill Spring, Jan. 19, 1862. He was educated at an academy in his native county, learned the trade of a printer, and in 1829 undertook to edit a newspaper at Paris, Tenn. In 1835 he was elected state printer, and in 1842 he removed to Nashville and became the editor of the "Banner," an influential whig journal; in 1845 he was chosen comptroller of the state treasury, and was twice reëlected to that office, going out of it in 1849, when he was chosen to the state senate. While a member of that body he became a contractor for building the suspension bridge across the Cumberland river at Nashville, after which he resumed and for

Indians, March 15, 1842, lieutenant-colonel for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco, Aug. 20, and colonel for gallantry at Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847, where he was wounded; became major of the 4th infantry Jan. 1, 1848, lieutenant-colonel Feb. 3, 1855, and colonel of the 9th infantry March 3, 1855; served in Washington territory from 1856 to 1860, and greatly distinguished himself in wars with the Indians of that region; and was promoted to be brigadiergeneral of volunteers Sept. 28, 1861, and appointed to command the department of the Pacific, which office he still holds (Dec. 1862), having his head-quarters at San Francisco.

WRIGHT, HORATIO GATES, major-general of volunteers in the U. S. army, born in Connecticut about 1822, was graduated at West Point in 1841 and appointed 2d lieutenant of engineers; was acting assistant professor of engineering at West Point from Jan. 20, 1842, to Aug. 20, 1843, and assistant professor to July 2, 1844; became 1st lieutenant Feb. 28, 1848, captain in July, 1855, and major Aug. 6, 1861; was promoted to be brigadier-general of volunteers Sept. 14, 1861, and attached to the Port Royal expedition, in which he commanded the 2d brigade. He commanded the land forces in an expedition which sailed from Port Royal Feb. 27, 1862, and successfully took possession of Fernandina, Fla., where he reinained for a time as commander of the district. In July, 1862, he was ordered with his brigade to reënforce the army of the Potomac; and on Aug. 19 he was promoted to be a major-general and assigned to command the department of the Ohio, with his head-quarters at Cincinnati, where he still remains (Dec. 1862).

two years occupied his former post as editor of sen to represent the Nashville district in congress, and was reelected in 1857, his second official term expiring March 4, 1859. Orignally a whig, the progress of the controversy respecting slavery led him to become a democrat, and he early assumed a position in congress among the advocates of extreme southern views. After the battle of Bull run he entered the confederate army, was appointed a brigadier-general, and assumed command of East Tennessee Aug. 8, 1861. He entered S. E. Kentucky about Oct. 1, was defeated at Camp Wild Cat Oct. 21, and fell in an unsuccessful attack upon the national forces under Gen. G. H. Thomas near Mill Spring.