that University, which had lain fome hun dred of years in a confufed heap. On the 12th of April, 1630, he was elected Chancellor of the fame University; which he made it his bufinefs, the reft of his life, to adorn with buildings, and to inrich with the most valuable manufcripts and other books.

After the Duke of Buckingham's fatal murder, our Bishop became chief favourite to King Charles; which augmented indeed his power and intereft, but increased at the fame time the envy and jealoufy against him, which were already too ftrong. In order to ftop the too frequent difputes concerning God's decrees, he advised his Majefty, that the thirty-nine articles might be reprinted, with a royal declaration at the head of them, which has been mostly prefixed to them ever fince. But it was much exclaimed against by fome of the rigid Calvinifts; as were alfo fome inftructions published foon after relating to Bishops and Lecturers. Nor was the repair of St. Paul's cathedral, which he undertook, better approved of, though much wanted; nay, it was afterwards imputed to him as a crime. And fo was likewife his confecration of St. Catharine-Cree church; which he performed January 16, 1630-31. About the fame time he undertok to overthrow the most useful and charitable feoffment, which fome perfons had newly formed, of buying impropriations for the maintenance of Lecturers. Upon the decline of Archbishop Abbot's health and favour at Court, Bishop Laud's concurrence, if not over-forwardness, in the very fevere profecutions carried on, in the High-commiffion and Starchamber, against feveral peevish and ill-natured fcribblers, or fimple preachers, did him great prejudice in moft people's minds. Of this we fhall inftance in but one particular in the perfon of Alexander Leighton, who had published, An Appeal to the Parliament, or Sion's Plea against the Prelacy.' Wherein he terms the Prelates men of blood, and enemies to God and the State; and affirms, that we do not read of greater perfecutions, or higher indignity done upon God's people, in any nation, than in this ifland; that the prelacy is antichriftian and fatanical, and the Bishops ravens and pre-maggots that prey apon the State; therefore, he advifes to kill them all, by fimiting them under the fifth rib. Kneeling at the facrament he calls the received spawn of the beaft. And he ftyles the Queen a Canaanite, the daughter of Heth, an idolatrefs. He commends him that killed the Duke of Buckingham, and encourages others to do the like, &e. For this libel he was fined 10,000l. pilloried, whipt, had his ears cut off, and his note flit,

Too fevere a punishment for one who rather deferved to be lodged in Bethlem hofpital!

But the Bishop's profecution of the King's printers, for leaving out NOT in the feventh commandment in the English Bibles, could be liable to no just objection.

On the 13th of May 1633, he fet out from London, to attend King Charles, who was going to be crowned in Scotland. The 15th of June, he was fworn a Privy-counsellor for that kingdom; and, on the 26th of July, came back to Fulham. During his ftay in Scotland, he formed the refolution of bringing that Church to an exact conformity with the Church of England; and the King committed the framing of a Liturgy to a select number of Scottish Bishops.

Our Bishop having, as Fuller expreffes it, endeavoured to fupplant Archbishop Abbot, whom he could not be contented to fucceed; upon his death in Auguft, 1633, he was appointed his fucceffor in the Archbishopric of Canterbury. That very morning, viz. Auguft 4, there came one to him at Greenwich, ferioufly (and who avowed ability to perform it) with the offer of a Card nal's hat: Which offer was repeated again the 17th of the fame month. And his anfwer, both times, was, That fomewhat dwelt within him, which would not fuffer that, till Rome were other than it is.' White lock afligns the following reafon for his refufal; becaufe he was as high already as England could advance him, and he would not be fecond to any in another kingdom.

September 14, he was elected Chancellor of the Univerfity of Dublin. One of his firft acts, after his advancement to the Archbifhopric, was an injunction, October 18, pursuant to the King's letter, That no clergyman fhould be ordained Priest without a title. At the fame time came out his Majefty's declaration about lawful sports; which the Archbishop was charged with having revived and enlarged; and that brought a great odium upon him among the Sabbattrians and other Puritans, though, as he obferves, at Geneva, after evening prayer, the elder men bowl, and the younger train ; and our good Puritan neighbours the Dutch profane the Sunday with plays and interludes, and count themselves blamelets. However, very blameable is certainly fuch a practice; and fo were the vexatious profecutions of fuch clergymen as refused to read the declaration in their churches.

In the years 1634, 1635, &c. the Archbishop, by his Vicar-general, performed his metropolitan vifitation; wherein, among other things, the churchwardens in every pa rifh were enjoined to remove the communies

table

table from the middle, to the east end of the chancel, altar-wife; the ground to be raised for that purpofe; and, to fence it with decent rails to avoid prophanenets. Thofe that refused to do fo were profecuted in the High-commiffion or Star-chamber Courts. At the time of the Reformation, on purpofe to divert people's minds from confidering the Lord's fupper as a facrifice, the name of altar was turned into table, and it was ordered to be removed from the east end to another part of the chancel. Accordingly the altars were thus removed in mott places. But Archbishop Laud obferving, that by this fituation they were liable to several prophanations; as for inftance, that the churchwardens kept their accounts, and dispatched parifh-buinefs upon them; fchoolmafters taught boys to write upon them, who laid their hats, fatchels and books thereon: Many fat, and leaned irreverently against them during fermon-time; dogs piffed a gainst them, and otherwife defiled them; glaziers, mending windows there, knocked them full of nail-holes, &c. The Archbishop, I fay, obferving this, ordered the tables to be removed clofe to the east wall, with the ends north and south, and to be railed in to avoid the like prophanations. But this alteration was attended with violent and unreasonable oppofition on one hand, and too fevere profecutions on the other. And all might have been easily prevented or accommodated only by this plain expedient; that is, by fetting out the communion table, on facrament-days, in the middle or fome convenient place of the @hancel, and keeping it at other times within rails where the altar had ftood, conformably to Queen Elifabeth's injunctions. But in thofe miferable times there was no moderation on either fide.

In that vifitation álfo, the Dutch and Walloon congregations were fummoned to appear; and injoined, fuch as were born in England, to repair to the feveral parish churches where they inhabited, to hear divine fervice and fermons, and perform all duties and payments required in that behalf; and those of them, minifters and others, that were aliens born, to ufe the English liturgy, tranflated into French or Dutch. Many, rather than comply, chofe to leave the king

dom, to the great detriment of our manu factures.

This year, the Archbishop did the poor Irith clergy a very important fervice, by ob taining for them from the King a grant of all the impropriations that were then remaining in the Crown. He also improved and fettled the revenues of the London clergy in a better manner than they were before. February 5, 1634-5, he was put into the great Committee of Trade and the King's revenue, and, the 14th of March fol-, lowing, appointed one of the Commiflioners of the Treafury, upon the death of Richard Welton, Earl of Portland; befides which he was, two days after, called into the foreign Committee, and had likewise the fole difpolal of whatsoever concerned the Church. But he fell into very warm difputes with the Lord Cottington, Chancellor of the Exchequer, who took all opportunities of impofing upon him, in regard to a park his Majesty designed to inclofe, for the purposes of hunting, between Richmond and Hampton-court.

After having continued a year Commiffioner of the Treafury, and acquainted himfelf with the myfteries and the advantages of it, he procured the Lord Treasurer's staff for Dr. William Juxon, who had, through his intereft, been fucceffively advanced to the prefident/hip of St. John's-college, deanry of Worceffer, clerkship of his Majesty's clofet, and bishopric of London. But that fudden and unexpected promotion greatly difcontented many of the laity. The Archbifhop, however, thought he was right in the measure. That great place, he found, was then honeftly worth 7000l. a year, without defrauding the King, or abufing the subject. And obferving, that feveral Treasurers of late years had raised themselves from very mean and private fortunes to the titles and eftates of Earls, which he conceived coukt not be done without wrong to both; therefore, he refolved to recommend fuch a man to the King for next Lord Treasurer, who having no family to raife, no wife and children to provide for, might better manage the incomes of the Treafury to the King's advantage than they had formerly; and fuch a man in his opinion was Dr- Juxon. [To be finished in our next.}

Ducation forms the brighteft characters, state of nature, would lie dormant and coneealed, and directs them to the best ends, the good of fociety. Nature may be more libed to fome of the human fpecies; but

her gifts often prove hurtful to their poffefuse and exertion of them.

The fervice of the public fhould be held up as the first duty of every individual. The love of mankind is the most generous

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