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miles from shore, an Indian canoe came off to them. They made figns for it to come on board, which the min to whom the belong ed readily agreed to; and was accordingly well received. As he was naked, the frit prefent made him was a piece of cloth to cover him; then they gave him toys, fuch as glafs beads, knives, and other things; with all which he was overjoyed. His body was all over painted with figures of different animals. His natural complexion, as far as could be discovered through the cover of paint, was a dark brown, and his ears exceffively large and long. He was tall, well made, robuft, and of a happy countenance. His fpirits were good, his limbs active, and his temper difpofed to chearfulness, as appared by his gestures, and the agility with which he traverted the fhip. They gave him a glass of wine to drink, which he threw away, probably for fear of being poisoned, or, perhaps, being accustomed to drink water, the fmell might be offensive to him. They next clothed him from head to foot, putting a hat on his head; with which he appeared to be greatly incumbered and uncaly. They gave him victuals, of which he eat heartily, but could not be prevailed on to ule either knife or fork. They then ordered their mulic to play, which highly delighted, and fet him a skipping and dancing. As they could not get to an anchor that night, they thought it proper to fet the Indian in his canoe again, letting all the prefents they had given remain with him, in order to induce others to come on board. But, fo far from expreffing a defire to return, he was uneafy, and feemingly affronted, that it fhould be required of him. He held up both his hands, looking withfully; then, pointing to the ifland, cried out, Oderoga! Oderoga! Oderoga! in a diftinct and articulate voice. This they imagined to be his god, because they found a number of idols erected on the fhore. On Roggewin's entering the gulph on the Eaft fide of the island, the hip being clofe to land, feveral thousands of the natives came on the beach with loads of fruits, roots, and other fresh providions, particularly trouts. Many came on board and were civilly treated. As the hip drew nearer, the natives erouded down to the fea-fide, facrificing to their idols, probably to protect them against the ftrangers, whofe formidable and unusual appearance greatly terrified them; for thofe, who were hold enough to come on board, betrayed marks of fear, that made it obvious they were defirous of conciliating the favour of the Europeans rather from motives of terror than of love, or any particular hofpitality to ftrangers.

The next morning early they were feen proftrated before their idols, making burntofferings.

In the mean time, Reggewin, with about 150 feamen, was preparing to land; juft as they were entering their boats, a large fleet of canoes, with every commodity the island afforded, came to the fide of the ship. Among thefe was the friendly Indian they had fo kindly treated on board, who returned with fymptoms of the ftrongest joy, which he expreffed by fome ridiculous capers and skips along the deck. There was likewise. one man perfectly white, with large pendants in ́ his ears, of a grave and folemn deportment, and an air either of deep melancholy, or of gloomy religion; from which the Dutch conjectured he was a Prieft. During this ftate of friendly offices, one of the natives was fhot dead in his canoe, which spread fuch a terror among the reft, that they leaped into the fea, and fwam to fhore with the utmost precipitation. They were followed by the Dutch, who, finding the fhore crouded with thefe miferable creatures, thought themselves under the neceffity of brutally making their way through them by force. This they did by a difcharge of fmall arms, which initantly cleared the coaft. Nothing could be more imprudent, barbarous, or infolent, than this unprovoked act. By their own acknowledgment, the Dutch were received with all poffible demonftrations of friendship; why then unneceffarily commence hoftilities and thed the blood of those very men who were paying them all poflible marks of regard and devotion! The natives, forfooth, had prefamed to ftand in their way, and even, out of curiofity, to touch their arms; which atrocious crime muft cancel all the obligations received from their hofpitality. No arguments, indeed, can palliate the con duct of the Dutch on this occafion; for it appeared equally devoid of religion, humanity, and policy, too much a-kin to that brutal pride and over-weening infolence they had fhewn in all their fettlements in the Indies, both to natives and Europeans,

By this discharge a great number were killed and wounded; among the former of which was the poor Indian who had been twice on board to welcome them with fo much cordiality. Upon this the natives kept at the distance of ten yards, fuppofing that fpace fufficient to fecure them against the effects of the mufquetry; nor did the Dutch chufe to repeat their wanton, cruelty. Although the confternation into which they had been thrown was very great, as was apparent from the difinal fhricks and howlings they untered, yet, finding that no further attempts

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were made against them, they foon laid afide their refentment, to refume thofe acts of be nevolence more agreeable to their disposition. Men, women, and children prefented themfelves before the proud ufurpers with branches of palm, in token of peace, and with offerings of fowls, fruits, and the best produce of their country. Even their women were given to the Dutch, and nothing refufed that could either demonftrate the affection, the fear, or the fubmiflion of the inhabitants. Softened with fuch tokens of deep humility, the ftubborn hearts of the Dutchmen deigned to treat them with kindness, and even to return their prefents by a number of toys and baubles, by way of atoning for the innocent blood they had fpilt.

The natives, perceiving that no further injury was intended, brought them 500 live fowls, large quantities of red roots and potatoes, which they use instead of bread; feveral hundreds of fugar-canes, and loads of Pifans, or Indian figs, of the fize of a gourd, and covered with a green rind. The pulp of this fruit is fweet as honey; the figs grow in branches, fometimes an hundred on a bough, and shaded with leaves fix or eight feet long, and three broad. No animals, befides birds, appeared on the island; of thefe there were great numbers, and an infinite variety, fome the most beautiful the Dutch had ever beheld. But they thought it probable that fome parts of the country were not without cattle and other beafts, because the natives expreffed as much by figns. They dreffed their food in earthen pots of the manufacture of the island; and their moft common food is drawn from vegetables raised by cultivation. The Dutch imagined that every feparate tribe or family among them had its peculiar village. The huts or cabbins which compofe them were 40 to 60 feet in length, and 6 or 8 in width, formed of poles ftuck perpendicular in the earth; the fpaces between which were filled with a kind of loam or fat earth, and the roof made of palm and pifan leaves. All their plantations were staked out, neatly divided, and finely cultivated. When the Dutch were there, almost all their fruits, plants, herbs, and roots, were in full maturity; fo that nothing could prefent a more rich and beautiful profpect to the eye than the whole face of this ifland, blooming with the elegant verdure of the fpring, and the plentiful mellowness of autumn. The houses were but indifferently furnished, yet fufficient to prove that the arts were not wholly unknown to the natives. The chief ornaments were red and white coverlids of a pretty fancy and neat execution, which, at night, they used as bed-cloaths,

and, in the day, as a defence against the piercing rays of the fun. The ftuff was Imooth and foft as filk, appearing by many tokens to be abfolutely of their own manufacture.

As to the perfons of the natives, they were in general an active, slender, straight, and well made people, extremely fwift of foot and agile. In point of temper, they were of a fweet, mild, modeft, and agreeable difpofition, timid and faint-hearted to a degree of weakness and effeminacy. Whenever they brought the Dutch any provifions, they in ftantly fell down on their knees, and then haftily retired; nor, indeed, can we be furprifed at this fear, after the proofs of gratitude the Hollanders had already given. In general they were of a brown complexion, or rather of the olive copperifh colour of a Portuguese Indian, though many of them were abfolutely black, and others almost fair, if not completely white. Another caft or tribe of them had a complexion intirely red, as if their skins had been fcorched by the fim. Their ears hung down on their fhoulders, and fome wore white pendants or earrings of an enormous fire, which they confidered as very ornamental. Their bodies were painted with the figures of birds, ferpents, goats, hogs, and other animals; a ftrong prefumption that fuch were not unknown to them. Of these feveral of the figures difplayed a happy talent at the imitative art, being lively reprefentations of the life.

As to their women, they had an artificial bloom on their cheeks, of a crimson far furpaffing any thing known to us in Europe; nor could the Dutch, by any means, difcover the compofition. On their heads they wore little hats neatly made of reeds or straw, with no other covering than the coverlids above-mentioned. They did not excel in either modest coynefs or chastity; for they of ten beckoned the Dutch into their houses, throwing off their mantilets when they fat by them. What is very fingular among thefe iflanders, is, that not the finalleft veftige or appearance of arms was to be feen amongst them. When they were attacked, they immediately fled to their idols for protection, and implored their afliftance with a pathetic and warm devotion. What pity that minds fo excellently difpofed were not directed to the knowledge of the true God! The statues of their deities were of stone, representing a human figure, with a crown on the head, large ears, but the reft nicely proportioned, and fo highly finished, that the Dutch wer: ftruck with amazement at the progrefs they had made in fculpture. Round

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thofe idols were erected palifadoes of ftone well-cut, at the distance of 20 or 30 yards. Some of the natives appeared more zealous and frequent worshippers than the reft; and thefe the Dutch imagined to be their pricfts, both for this reafon and because they wore many marks of diftinction, fuch as their heads clofely fhaved, and large white balls fufpended to the ears, with a bonnet of white and black feathers, refembling thofe of a ftork; from whence the Dutch concluded, that, when thefe birds leave their ufual place of refidence, part of them, at leaft, take up

their abode here.

No appearance of civil government or fubordination could be difcovered in this ifland, much lefs any Chief, Prince, or King, who had dominion over the reft. On the contrary, they all spoke and acted with equal freedom; and yet no inconveniency was obferved to refult from this natural order; for they lived in the greatest tranquillity and harmony imaginable. The father, indeed, in each family, had an apparent fupremacy, and his authority was readily obeyed. Some marks of honour and ceremonies of refpet were likewife paid to the aged; pure nature and good fenfe feeming to dictate thofe diftinctions. The old men wore on their heads bonnets or caps, fringed round with feathers like the down of oftriches, and truncheons, or fhort thick fticks in their hands, which the Dutch naturally fuppofed to be fome marks of degree and authority. This ifland, it was thought, might be fettled in 28 deg. 30 min. South latitude. In fhort, the Dutch muft undoubtedly have made great difcoveries here, as well as on the continent, which they had reafon to believe could not be a great way diftant, had they not been diven from their moorings, juft as they were preparing to penetrate into the heart of the island, and to make a kind of settlement, to which they might return for refrefiments from their inquiries on the continent.

Leaving the ifland of Pafcha, it was not Jong before Rogewin found himself in the Eight of the ifiand called Badwater by Schouten. Here he was in expectation of

meeting with fome part of the Southern continent; but, by.changing his course, he ran 300 leagues out of the way, and, at leaft, 150 leagues farther than Schouten. That famous feaman one day gave chace to a fmall veffel, that bore away directly South from him; whence he naturally inferred, that there must certainly be land on that fide. Indeed, from all the lights of reaton and experience, there can hardly be any doubt of there being a continent of at least 2000 leagues in extent; to which the direct courfe from Europe is certainly S. S. W. and from America N. E. or N.E. and by N. The Commodore ranged through this ocean for the space of 800 leagues, fometimes one courfe, fometimes another, in hopes of falling upon the promifed land, but none could be found but iflands. At laft they fell in with two of large extent, to which they gave the names Groninguen and Tichoven. Many of the Officers on beard were fully affured that the former was no island, but a part of the great Southern continent they were fent to difcover.

Purfing his courfe, Roggewin doubted not but he should foon fall in with the coaft either of New Guinea or New Britain; but, after failing m ny days, no land was discovered, and he began to be fatisfied of the vanity of his calculations. To this difappointment was fuperadded the difagreeable circumftance of a fickly crew labouring under inexprethble anguifh. So that he haped his courfe to the Dutch fettlements in the Eaft-Indies. But his want of fuccefs ought by no means to deter men from profecuting fo important a difcovery; fince it is certainly poffible for fhips to reach thofe countries without sustaining the loffes and hardships of Roggewin's crew. The coat of New Britain is well known, and fo accurately defcribed in our charts, that there is no danger of an expert feaman's misling it If, therefore, a finall fquadron failed from hence directly to that coat, in all human probability, we should, in a fhort time, he masters of a country equivalent to the Spice islands, and our lofs at Amboyna.

The HISTORY OF ENGLAND, continued from Page 23 of our left.

Thus this act of fecurity was paffed after the battle of Blenheim was over, but feveral days before the news of it reached England When the a&t palled, copies of it were fent to England, where it was foon printed by trole who were unerly at the Lord Codolphin's holding the white thaf, and refolved to make ufc of this against

him. It was not poffible to prove that he had advised the Queen to it; and therefore fome to k it by another handle, and refolved to urge it against him, that he had net perfuaded the Queen to reject it; though that feemed a great stretch, for, he being a ftranger to Scotland, it might have been li able to more objection, if he had prefumid

to

to advise the Queen to refufe a bill paffed in the Parliament of that kingdom, which all the Miniftry there advised her to pafs. Severe cenfures were patied upon this act. It was faid, that the two kingdoms were now divided by law, and that the Scots were putting themfelves in a pofture to defend it; and all faw by whofe advices this was done. One thing, which contributed to keep up an ill humour in the Parliament of Scotland, was more juftly imputed to him. The Queen had promised to fend down to them all the examinations relating to the plot. If thefe had been fent down, probably in the firft heat, the matter might have been carried far against the Duke of Queensberry. But he, who ftaid all the while in London, got it to be represented to the Queen, that the fending down these examinations, with the perfons concerned in them, would run the feffion into fo much heat, and into fuch a length, that it would divert them quite from confidering the fucceffion, and it might produce a tragical fcene. Upon thefe fuggeftions, the Queen altered her refolution of fending them down; and, though repeated applications were made to her, both by the Parliament and her Minifters, to have them fent, yet no answer was made to thefe, nor was fo much as an excufe made for not fending them. The Duke of Queen (herry having gained this point, got all his friends to join with the party that oppofed the new Ministry. This both defeated all their projects, and foftened the fpirits of those who were fo fet against him, that in their first fury no ftop could have been put to their proceedings. But now the party, that had defigned to ruin him, was so much wrought on by the afliftance that his friends gave them in this feffion, that they resolved to preserve him.

The Parliament having granted a fix months cefs for the pay of the army, they were entering upon debates about the plot and the proceedings of the English Houfe of Lords in that affair, as an undue intermeddling with their concerns, and an incroachment upon the fovereignty and independency of their nation, when the High-commiffioner told them that he was not allowed to give them any more tine, but that they fhould foon have another opportunity of doing what ftill remained to be done; for no disappointment her Majefty had met with could alter in the leaft her favourable difpofitions to wards that her ancient kingdom. After which the Parliament was prorogued to the 7th of October. However, before they feparated, they drew up an addrefs to the Queen, delring that the evidence and papers

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relating to the plot might be laid before them against the next fellion.

This was the ftate of that nation, which was aggravated very odiously all over England. It was confidently, though, as was afterwards known, very falfely reported, that great quantities of arms were brought over, and difperfed through the whole kingdom. And, it being well known how poor the nation was at that time, it was faid thofe arms were paid for by other hands, in imitation of what it was believed Cardinal Richelieu did in the year 1638. Another thing was given out very maliciously by the Lord' Godolphin's enemies, that he had given directions under-hand to hinder the declaring the fucceffion; and that the fecret of this was trufted to Mr. Johníton, who they faid talked openly one way and acted fecretly another, though there never appeared any colour of truth in thofe reports. Great ufe was to be made of the affairs of Scotland, becaufe there was no ground of complaint of any thing in the administration at home. All the Duke of Marlborough's enemies faw that his chief ftrength lay in the credit which the Lord Godolphin was in at home, while he was fo fuccessful abroad; fo that, it being impoffible to attack him in fuch a courfe of glory, they laid their aims against the Lord-treafurer. The Tories refolved to attack him, and that difpofed the Whigs to preferve him; and this was fo managed by them, that it gave a great turn to all the

Councils at home.

Immediately after the adjournment of the Parliament, the Courtiers repaired to London, where the Marquis of Tweedale was made Chancellor of Scotland; the Earls of Seafield and Roxburgh, Secretaries of State; the Earl of Rothes, Lord Privy-feal; the Earl of Cromarty, Justice - general; Mr. Bailie of Jervis-wood, Treasurer-deputy ; and the Earl of Selkirk, Lord Belhaven, and Sir John Hume, Lords of the Treafury: Sir William Hamilton was alfo made Juftice-clerk; but he lived not to enjoy that office many months, and was fucceeded by Adam Cockburn of Ormiftown. A new commiffion was, at the fame time, fent down to Edinburgh, by which most of the Cavaliers, and all the Duke of Queenfberry's friends, were laid afide, and it was made up intirely of Scots Revolutioners. And thus the administration of affairs in Scotland wis lodged in the hands of a body of men, who concurred with the mcafures at that time purfued by the Court of England. It is now time to turn to the operations of the

war.

The affairs of the empire were, in the be

cert.

ginning of this campaign, in a very defperate condition. The Emperor was reduced to the last extremities. The Elector of Bavaria was matter of the Danube as far as Paffau, and the malecontents in Hungary were making a formidable progrefs. The Emperor was not in a condition to maintain a defenfive war long on both fides, nor was he able to make any oppofition at all against them, fhould they once come to act by conThus his affairs had a very gloomy appearance, and utter ruin was to be apprehended. Vienna was in apparent danger of being befeged on both fides, and it was not capable of making a long defence; fo that the Houfe of Auftria feemed loft beyond all prospect of a recovery. Prince Eugene wifely propofed, that the Emperor fhould implore the protection of the Queen of Great Britain, which was agreed to, and Count Wratislaw managed the affair at the Court of England with great application and fecrecy. The Duke of Marlborough faw the neceffity of undertaking the Empefor's relief, and refolved to ufe all poffible endeavours to put it in execution. When he went into Holland in the winter, he propofed it to the Penfionary, and other perfons of the greateft confidence. They approved it, but it was not advifeable to propofe it to the States; fince at that time many would not. have thought their country fafe, if their army fhould be fent fo far from them; and nothing could be long a fecret, which was propofed to fuch an Affembly, whereas the main hope of fucceeding in this defign lay in the fecrecy with which it was conducted. Therefore, under the pretext of carrying the war to the Mofelle, every thing was prepared that was neceflary for executing the true defign.

The Duke of Marlborough, with his brother General Churchill, Lieutenant-general Lumley, the Earl of Orkney, and other General Officers, embarked for Holland, and in three days arrived at the Hague. Two days after his coming, he was attended by a folemn deputation of the States, in order to confer with him. The conference Jafted fix hours. The chief fubject of debate was about fending a good army towards the Mofelle. This was all that was propafed in public, and to this the States of Zealand and two other provinces ftrongly objected. They would not agree, that the Duke fhould have an unlimited command to lead the army where he pleafed, and thought it a very dangerous project to march the troops at fo great a distance. The Zealand Deputies oppofed it fo strenuously, that the Duke was obliged to tell them plainly,

that he had the Queen's pofitive orders t❤ march with the troops in her pay towards the Mofelle. Accordingly, having taken his leave of the States, the Duke fet out from Holland, and in five days arrived at Macftricht, where his army was incamped. About the fame time the States regulated the pofts of their General Officers. Monfieur Auverquerque, their Field-marfbal, was appointed to command their forces on the Maefe, having under him the Counts de Tilly and Noyelles; Slangenburg thofe on the Mofelle; Salifch in Brabant; and Spaar and Fagel in Flanders.

From Macftricht the Duke of Marlborough marched to Bedburg, and, his camp being near Cologne, he was waited on by the canons of that chapter, the Prince of Saxzeits, Bishop of Zoah, the Prince of Heffe, Count Brianzon, the Duke of Savoy's Envoy to the Queen of England, and other Princes and Generals.

The French in Flanders began by this time to be alarmed, though they were far from fufpecting the Duke's real defign. His marching towards Coblentz, and the great preparations which were making in that place, made them believe, that he defigned to open the campaign with the fiege of Traerbach, and endeavour to advance along the Mofelle into France. Upon this fuppofition they detached five thousand foot and two thousand horfe towards that river, and gave out that they intended the fiege of Huy, vainly imagining that by this report they might stop the pregrefs of the English General. But the Duke, well knowing that the forces, which were left in Flanders under Auverquerque, were fufficient to fruftrate any attempt which the French could make on that fide, continued his march, and advanced from Bedburg to Kerpenord, the next day to Kalfecken, where he received an exprefs from Prince Lewis of Baden, with fome intercepted letters, by which it appeared that the French intended to force their paffage through the Black-forest, and, after joining the Bavarians, to march directly to Vienna. About the fame time the Duke received advice from the Netherlands that the Court of France had fent pofitive orders to Villeroy to march towards the Mofelle with five and thirty battalions, and fix and forty fquadrons, being ftill firmly perfuaded that the Duke would act on that fide Upon this, the Duke gave immediate orders for his forces to march with all expedition; and, whilft the army was on a full march, he went to take a view of the fortifications of Bonne, where, having given his directions to the Governor of that place, he returned in

the

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