HUDI BRA S. IN THREE PART S. PART I. CANTO I. THE ARGUMENT. Sir Hudibras his paffing worth, WHEN civil dudgeon firft grew high, And men fell out they knew not why ; When A ridicule on Ronfarde and Davenant. Ver. 1.] To take in dudgeon, is inwardly to refent fome injury or affront, and what is previous to actual fury. It was altered by Mr. Butler, in an edition 1674, to civil fury. Thus it stood in edit. of 1684, 1689, 1694, and 1700. Civil dudgeon was restored in the edition of 1704, and has continued fo ever since. Ver. 2.] It may be justly faid They knew not why; fince, as Lord Clarendon obferves, The like peace "and plenty, and univerfal tranquillity, was never "enjoyed by any nation for ten years together, before "thofe unhappy troubles began.” When hard words, jealoufies, and fears, Set folks together by the ears, And made them fight, like mad or drunk, Whose honesty they all durft fwear for, Was beat with fift inftead of a stick; Then did Sir Knight abandon dwelling, Ver. 3.] By hard words, he probably means the cant words used by the Prefbyterians and fectaries of those times; fuch as Gofpel-walking, Gofpel-preaching, Soul-faving, Elect, Saints, the Godly, the Predeftinate, and the like; which they applied to their own preachers and themselves. Ver. 1, 12.] Alluding to their vehement action in the pulpit, and their beag it with their fifts, as if they were beating a drum. Ver. 13.] Our Author, to make his Knight appear more ridiculous, has dreffed him in all kinds of fantastic colours, and put many characters together to finish him a perfect coxcomb. Ver. 14.] The Knight (if Sir Samuel Luke was Mr. Butler's hero) was not only a Colonel in the Parliament-army, but alfo Scoutmafter-general in the counties of Bedford, Surrey, &c. This gives us fome light into his character and conduct; for he is now entering upon his proper office, full of pretendedly pious and fanctified refolutions for the good of his country. His pere A wight he was, whose very fight would And styl'd of War, as well as Peace 15 20 25 30 The peregrinations are fo confiftent with his office and humour, that they are no longer to be called fabulous or improbable. The fucceeding Cantos are introduced with large prefaces, but here the Poet feems impatient till he get into the defcription and character of his hero. Ver. 17, 18.] i. e. He kneeled to the King, when he knighted him, but feldom upon any other occafion. Ver. 22.] Chartel is a challenge to a duel. Ver. 23.] In this character of Hudibras all the abuses of human learning are finely fatirized: philofophy, logic, rhetoric, mathematics, metaphyfics, and school-divinity. The difference was fo fmall, his brain That knaves do work with, call'd a Fool. 7 35 But they 're mistaken very much; (For that's the name our valiant Knight 40 Ver. 55, 56.] This is the property of a pedantic coxcomb, who prates most learnedly amongst illiterate perfons, and makes a mighty pother about books and languages there, where he is fure to be admired, though not understood. |