540 TRADE OF THE U. STATES WITH B. AMER. AND THE W. INDIES.

ter to a close in consequence of the small space left me to conclude the volume-and should the reader not be satisfied with the details given, as demonstrating the important trade of our northern colonies, I fear further argument or facts on the subject would be only unnecessarily adding to the trouble and expense incurred for the purpose of convincing those persons whose opposition to the colonies might have arisen from ignorance of their minute ramifications with every branch of society. The annexed statement exhibits the total value of the exports of the United States in her trade with the British West Indies and American colonies separately, and the tonnage engaged in that trade departing from the United States, from 1821 to 1833, inclusive:

stroying our home and colonial trade for the sake of political alliances with France or the Baltic, and of which Mr. Powlet Thompson and Lord Durham are the champions. I will not, as many merchants in the city of London do, insinuate that the former is influenced by his connection with a Baltic mercantile house, nor will I assert of the latter, as the Journal de Debats has done, that his lordship's desire for a free trade with France, at the expense of our home and colonial interests, is for the sake of his lordship's coal mines,-but I trust the day may be far distant when Mr. Thompson's and Lord Durham's views are carried into effect; for among superficial statesmen, those individuals may claim priority; let me therefore be understood as regards free trade,-perfect freedom in our domestic manufactures and colonial cammerce and fair terms of reciprocity with other nations.

CHAPTER X.

EMIGRATION.*

NUMBERS ARRIVING IN THE CANADAS FOR A SERIES OF YEARS-RATES OF
WAGES-PRICES OF PROVISIONS-PROPORTION OF INHABITANTS TO THE
SQUARE MILE IN ENGLAND, IRELAND AND CHINA-QUESTIONABLE PRO-
PRIETY OF SELLING ALL LANDS-OR MAKING NO FREE GRANTS-HARD
TREATMENT OF MANY NAVAL AND MILITARY OFFICERS-ADVANTAGES OF
COLONIES IN PROVIDING FOR MERITORIOUS SERVANTS OF THE STATE-
FURTHER PROCEEDINGS NECESSARY WITH REGARD TO EMIGRATION, &c.
EMIGRATION is no longer a question to be decided as to its
policy or impolicy; the distressed state of the country, the
low remuneration for capital invested in agriculture, the
feelings of alarm in the minds of many Protestants in Ireland
for the maintenance of the exercise of their religion in peace;
the political excitement respect parliamentary reform, and,
in fine, the general impoverishment caused by a contracted
currency, added to the rapid augmentation of population in
Ireland, beyond the co-ordinate increase of property, have,
each and all, tended to promote a rapid extension of emigra-
tion from the United Kingdom during the last ten years,
thus:-

Emigrants to the British North American Colonies and to the United
States.†

1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834

To British Colonies

To United States

8741
5551

12818 12648 12084 13307 30574 58067 66339
7063 14526 12817 15678 24887 23418 32872

Total.. 14292 19881 27174 24901 28985 55461 81485 99211

* I had intended to reserve all discussion on this subject for my fifth volume, but thinking some details as regards the Canadas would be acceptable, I have given them, and shall adduce my general arguments on the subject when treating of colonies on the aggregate.

↑ Emigration.-According to a general return of emigrants who have

542

TOTAL IMMIGRATION at QUEBEC FOR 15 YEARS.

Of the foregoing, a large number in the first line were for Upper and Lower Canada, and many who shipped themselves for New York did so for cheap conveyance, and on account of the winter season, passing over afterwards into Canada. The number of emigrants proceeding to Canada the first year after the peace was about 1250; from that period the number gradually increased, and the following shews the number of emigrants arriving in Quebec from 1819 to 1833.*

Shewing a total in fifteen years of 268,295 persons.

left Liverpool for the British colonies and the United States of America, it appears that from the 7th of May, 1833, to the 30th of September, 1834, 3,121 persons left there for the colonies, and 27,486 for the United States, making a grand total of 30,607 persons. The ships employed were 455; the tonnage 196,658, and the crews 8,956. The largest number of emigrants left between the 1st of April and the 30th June last year, when 1,182 sailed for the colonies, and 10,443 for the United States. The chief of the emigrants to the latter place disembarked at New York, 24,311 having landed there. Of the emigrants to the colonies 1,289 went to Australia, and 1,227 to Quebec. The emigration to the West Indies during the above period only amounted to 12 to the smaller islands, 3 to Antigua, 32 to Jamaica, and 26 to Demerara. The emigrants to Van Diemen's Land were 135.

* A recent Quebec paper gives the following return of the settlers arriving at the port of Quebec in each year from 1818 to 1834, up to the 1st of June in each year. The following are the details :

Years. Vessels. Tonnage. Settlers. Years. Vessels. Tonnage. Settlers.