4. The distant signal consisting of a cone pointing upwards, having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball.

5. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus. At Night.-1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute.

2. Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, etc.).

3. Rockets or shells, throwing stars of any color or description, fired one at a time at short intervals.

4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus.

33. Signals for a Pilot.-The following signals when used or displayed together or separately shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot:

In the Daytime.-1. The Jack, or other national ensign, usually worn by merchant ships, having around it a white border one-fifth the breadth of the flag, to be hoisted at the foretop.

2. The international code pilot signal indicated by PT. 3. The international code flag S with or without the code pennant over it.

4. Same as signal 4 of Art. 32.

At Night.-1. The pyrotechnic light, commonly known as a "blue light," every 15 minutes.

2. A bright white light, flashed or shown at short or frequent intervals just above the bulwarks for about a minute at a time.

34. Explanation of Storm Warnings.-The system of warnings adopted by the United States Weather Bureau and displayed at stations along the seacoast for announcing the approach of wind storms are as follows:

A red flag with a black center indicates that a storm of marked violence is expected.

A red pennant displayed with the flags indicates easterly winds (from northeast to south, inclusive) and that the storm center is approaching.

A white pennant displayed with the flags indicates westerly winds (from north to southwest, inclusive) and that the storm center has passed.

When the red pennant is hoisted above the storm-warning flag, as in Fig. 8 (a), winds are expected from the northeast quadrant; when below, as at (b), winds are expected from the southeast quadrant.

When the white pennant is hoisted above the storm-warning flag, as at (c), winds are expected from the northwest quadrant; when below, as at (d), winds are expected from the southwest quadrant.

By night, a red light indicates easterly winds, and a white light above a red light, westerly winds.

35. Hurricane Warning.-Two red flags, with black centers, displayed one above the other, as at Fig. 8 (e), indicates the expected approach of a tropical hurricane or of an extremely severe and dangerous storm. No hurricane warnings are displayed at night.

NOTE.-Storm signals are displayed by the United States Weather Bureau at 141 stations situated along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and at 27 stations situated on the Pacific Coast of the United States. For storm signals along coasts of foreign countries, consult sailing directions and charts.

INTERNATIONAL RULES TO PREVENT COLLISIONS AT SEA

36. The following regulations for navigation on the high seas, commonly known as the "Rules of the Road," the outcome of the International Marine Conference held in Washington, D. C., during the winter of 1889-90, were approved by Congress and signed by the President, August 19, 1890. The act took effect on July 1, 1897:

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the following regulations for preventing collisions at sea shall be followed by all public and private vessels of the United States upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith, navigable by seagoing vessels.

PRELIMINARY

In the following rules every steam vessel which is under sail and not under steam is to be considered a sailing vessel, and every vessel under steam, whether under sail or not, is to be considered a steam vessel.

The words "steam vessel" shall include any vessel propelled by machinery.

A vessel is "under way" within the meaning of these rules when she is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground.

The word "visible" in these rules when applied to lights shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere.

LIGHTS TO BE EXHIBITED FROM SUNSET TO SUNRISE

ART. 1. The rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise, and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for the prescribed lights shall be exhibited.

Masthead Light on Steamer

ART. 2. A Steam Vessel When Under Way Shall Carry-(a) On or in front of the foremast, or if a vessel without a foremast, then in the fore part of the vessel, at a height above the hull of not less than 20 feet, and if the breadth of the vessel exceeds 20 feet, then at a height above the hull not less than such breadth, so, however, that the light need not be carried at a greater height above the hull than 40 feet, a bright white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of twenty points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light ten points on each side of the vessel, namely, from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on either side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 miles.

Side Lights on Steamer

(b) On the starboard side a green light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the starboard side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(c) On the port side a red light so constructed as to show an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of ten points of the compass, so fixed as to throw the light from right ahead to two points abaft the beam on the port side, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.

(d) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted with inboard screens projecting at least 3 feet forwards from the light, so as to prevent these lights from being seen across the bow.