Absentee voting, 182.

Accounts, state, 409, 473.

Adams, Abigail (Smith), journey, 411.
Adams, Andrew, Confederation, 539.
Adams, John, on Otis, 27; senatorship, 164;
amendments, 211, 289; idea of vice presi-
dency, 213; letters to, 215, 367; secret
sessions, 241; titles, blamed, 243, 374, 375,
377-382; procedure, 247; enactment style,
249; signing bills, 250; counting electoral
votes, 258; cloth, 266; Washington's in-
auguration, 275, 276; appointments, 364,
365, 394, 399; conservatism, 364; presi-
dential dinner, 372; lampoon, 381; on re-
moval debate, 387; power of removal,
votes, 387; and presidency, 388; on presi-
dential power, 389; Washington's social
regulations, 412-416; as presidential ad-
viser, 423, 424; Independence, 529, 532;
portraits, sketches, 657, 775, 827. See also
Vice presidency.

Adams, John Q., on Hamilton and Treasury
bill, 341; foreign mission, 402; Panama
Congress, 403; on presidential dinner, 418;
disunion, 749; judicial service, 755.
Adams, L. I. L., impersonation, 713.
Adams, Samuel, ratification, 25; congres-
sional candidacy, 164, 165; vice presi-
dency, 206; letter to, 299; amendments,
299; on power of removal, 390; on light-
house cessions and jurisdiction,
Independence, 532; Confederation, 539;
portrait, sketch, 780.

452;

Adams, Thomas, Confederation, 540.
Addresses and messages, joint, to President,
246; Washington's progress, 266-271;
Thomson's, reply, 267, 693, 694; before
Congress in state, replies, 408; presiden-
tial, 549.

Adjournment of Congress, 544, 549.
Admiralty, earlier courts, 347-350; cessation
of state courts, 450.

Admission of states, Virginia Plan, 19; pro-
visions, 36, 551; table of dates, 60.
Age, delegates, 16; congressmen, 236.
Agriculture, changes, 112, 115-118; social
basis, 235.

Akron Beacon, cartoon, 840.

Alabama, admission, 60.

Alaska, annexation, territory, 61.

Albania, high court, 759.

Albany News, cartoon, 833.
Albany Plan, 8.

Alexandria, Va., ratification celebration, 143;
reception of Washington, 268.
Allison, John, candidacy, 183.
Amendments, of Confederation attempted,
12; of Constitution, method, 23, 37, 134,
551; proposals during ratification, synop-
sis, 26, 27, 134, 280, 294-297, 480, 493,

496; dynamic aspect, 37; caution on hasty,
38, 568; Bill of Rights, genesis, elements,
ratification, 39-43, 135, 325; contents of
later, 43-47; dates of ratification, 62–68;
reconsideration after rejection, 62, 319;
table of dates, 68; proper title, 134; num-
ber of proposed, 134; movements for con-
vention, 135; longest period between 136;
party responsibility, 136; repeal, 137;
blocking, 137; in 1789: Henry's aim, 191,
193; Adams and second convention, 211;
inaugural address on advisability, 278;
New York circular letter for second con-
vention, 280, 281; Federalist subtlety, 281,
290; Harrisburg Convention, 281; Vir-
ginia's call for convention, 282-285; Con-
gress and call, 285; state response, 285-
289, 484; public opinion, immediacy or
experience, 289-292; attitude of first con-
gressmen, 292, 297-300; Madison's atti-
tude, extent, 292, 293, 301, 302, 311;
influence on North Carolina, 300, 306, 473,
478; Madison and proposals, adroitness,
300, 301; votes needed in consideration,
301, 307, 309; question of consideration,
301-303, 305; Madison's proposals, suffi-
ciency, 302-305, 314; question of general
consideration, 303, 305, 309-312; lack of
public comment, 304; select committee in
House, report, 305; incorporated or sup-
plementary, 306, 312; method of ratifica-
tion, 306; consideration in House, 307-311;
passage there, 312; as sent to Senate,
Lee's comment, 313; preamble for resolu-
tion, 314; Senate eliminations, 314, 315;
conference, final passage, 315; reference to
states, parchment copies, 315; criticism of
insufficiency, 316; state ratifications, 317-
319, 473, 478; letter of Virginia senators,
319; disagreement in Virginia, 319-324;
ratification there, 324; failure to act:
Massachusetts, 325-327; Connecticut, 327;
Georgia, 328; sesquicentennial ratifica-
tion, 328; broadsides, 603;-literal text,
527-562; and expansion, 700. See also Bill
of Rights; amendments by number.
America, first use of term, 121; hemispheric
policy, 575-577.

American Revolution, causes, 7, 8; essentials
to success, 11.

Ames, Ezra, portraits by, 782, 825.
Ames, Fisher, representative, 165; Federal
Hall, 226; delay, 231; character of Con-
gress, 233; age, 236; procedure, 246; in-
auguration, 274, 275; inaugural address,
277; Madison's amendment proposals, 304,
306; amendments debate, 305, 307, 312;
isolation, 336; executive officers in Con-
gress, 339; judiciary bill, 353, 363; style
of writs, 364; titles, 374, 376; power of
removal, 384-386; Rhode Island, 485;
states in the Union, 495.

André, John, portrait by, 827.

Andrews, Mrs. Robert, portrait, sketch, 826.

Annapolis, Md., capital, 126, 153.
Annapolis Convention, 15.

Annexation, by treaty, 35; list, map, 61, 112,
114, 118.

Anthony, Susan B., suffrage, 45.
Antifederalists, term, 124.

Appointments, power, 23, 34, 382, 549;
Senate's consideration, method of vote,
President's presence, 394-399; rejections,
395-397. See also Diplomatic offices;
Offices; Removal.

Apportionment of representation, regula-
tion, proposed change, 112, 128, 295, 302,
307, 312, 314, 315, 317-319, 542, 559;
direct taxes, 542, 546.
Appropriations, legal, 33, 547.
Argentina, high court, 759.

Aristocracy. See Society.

Aristotle, on separation of powers, 729.
Arkansas, admission, 60.

Arlaud, -, portrait by, 790.

Arms, right to bear, religious objection, 42,
309, 314, 557.

Armstrong, John, candidacy, 180; letters to.
201, 378; on demand for amendments, 290.
Army, power of Congress, 32, 546; presi-
dential power, 32, 34, 549; proposals
against standing, 310; state troops, 457.
See also Militia.

Arnold, Peleg, on Rhode Island, 484.
Art, development, 113, 116.

Ashurst, H. F., Commission, v; on Bill of
Rights, 39-41, Supreme Court sesqui-
centennial, 715.

Assembly, right, 41, 294, 302, 308, 557.
Assumption of state debts, state legislation,
458; Virginia protest, 460; North Carolina
instructions and attempted protest, 461-
463; Massachusetts instructions, 464.
Attainder, bill prohibited, 33, 136, 546, 547;
extent, 551.

Attorney general, appointment, 343, 365;
provision for, 357, 358; salary, 363; Su-
preme Court, 370.

Attorneys, national district, 357, 358.
Austin, Benjamin, amendments, 326.
Austin, W. R., Supreme Court sesquicen-
tennial, address, 715, 730.
Austria, high court, 759.

Bache, Franklin, postoffice, 345.

Bacon, John, amendments, 326; instruction
of senators, 464.

Baden,

on natural law, 742.
Bail, excessive, 42, 136, 558.
Bailey, Banks & Biddle Co., medals, 599.
Baird, John, oath, 434.

Baldwin, Abraham, portraits, sketches, 59,
799, 821; capital, 147, 148; representative,
197; and office, 197; service, 237; salaries,
251; committee on amendments, 306; exec-
utive departments, 335; power of removal,
385; signs Constitution, 553; draft, 821.
Baldwin, Henry, service, 755.

Balfour, Lord, on free government and polit-
ical conflict, 722.

Baltimore, capital, 126, 147; reception of
Washington, 266–268; Mrs. Washington,

411.

Bancroft, George, on power of removal, 387.
Banister, John, Confederation, 540.
Bankhead, W. B., portrait, sketch, 657; Con-
gress sesquicentennial, address, 663; Su-
preme Court sesquicentennial, 733, 738.
Bankruptcy, proposed amendments, 295;
regulation, 545.

Barbour, P. P., service, 755.

Barge, presidential, 272.

Barkley, A. W., Commission, v.; British
king, 615; Congress sesquicentennial, ad-
dress, 656, 664, 672, 678.

Bartlett, Josiah, candidacy, 160; Independ-
ence, 532; Confederation, 539; portrait,
sketch 821; objects, 790, 796.

Bartlett, Josiah, grandson, memorial, 820.
Bartlett, P. W., statue by, 810.

Bassett, Richard, portraits, sketches, 55,
796; senator, attends, 186, 229; judiciary
bill, 353; power of removal, 387; signs
Constitution, 553.

Bauman, Sebastian, office-seeker, 264.

Beale, Sir Louis, World's Fair address, 705.
Beardsley, C. A., Supreme Court sesqui-
centennial address, 722.

Beckley, John, messenger, 218; clerk of
House, 218, 238.

Bedford, Gunning, sr., portrait, sketch, 821.
Bedford, Gunning, jr., portraits, sketches,
55, 821; candidacy, 186; judge, 367, 369;
signs Constitution, 553.

Belgium, high court, 759.

Belknap, Jeremy, on J. Adams, 213; letters
to, 257, 345; on S. Adams, 300; on Sulli-
van controversy and sovereignty, 445;
on outside states, 473.
Bellows, Benjamin, elector, autograph, 219.
Bennett, I. E., adviser, 588.

Benson, Arthur, impersonation, 713.
Benson, Egbert, ratification, 25; reception
of Washington, 271; inauguration, 274,
275; executive departments, 335; judiciary
bill, 360; titles, 374; power of removal,
384, 385; Rhode Island, 485.
Benson, George, on paper money, 488.
Benton, T. H., Panama Congress, 404.
Berryman, C. K., cartoon, opp. 831.
Bill of Rights, American, demand in ratifi-
cation, 26, 294; as safeguard, 30, 136, 681-
683; genesis, restriction on national power,
41, 136; against states, 44, 302, 310, 313,
314; elements, 41-43, 135, 136; date of
ratification, 62; text, 557, 558. See also
Amendments; first ten amendments by
number.

Bill of Rights, English, act, 6, 526-528, 740,
743; petition, 519-521.

Bills, presidential approval, 31, 34, 130, 545;
joint rules on, 245; enactment style, 248-
251; signing by Vice President, 250.

Bills of credit, prohibition on states, 547.
Bishop, D. S., cartoon, 839.
Bishop, Samuel, office, 434.

Black, H. L., portrait, 717; Supreme Court
sesquicentennial, 718; service, 758.
Blackstone, Sir William, on natural law, 742.
Blair, John, portraits, sketches, 56, 787,
802; justiceship, 343, 367, 368; first term,
370; robes, 372; on circuit, 372; refusal of
judicial opinion, 429; North Carolina
certiorari incident, 463; service, 755.
Blair, Mrs. John, portrait, sketch, 789, 802.
Blair, John J., portrait committee, 774.
Bland, Theodorick, representative, 195;
service, 237; oath, 249; reception of Wash-
ington, 271; second convention, 284;
power of removal, 383; ceremony, 421.
Blatchford, Samuel, service, 757.
Bloom, Sol, Commission, v; medals, 599;
British king, 615; Masonic tribute, 616;
Washington's tomb address, 618; Consti-
tution Shrine address, 623; ratification
address, 649; Congress sesquicentennial,
654, 656, 662, 664, 678; Mount Vernon
exercises, 693, 695; Supreme Court ses-
quicentennial, 715.

Blount, William, portraits, sketches, 57, 798,
813; candidacy, 481; signs Constitution,
553.

Bolivia, high court, 759.

Borah, W. E., Commission, v; address on
constitutional government, 637; Congress
sesquicentennial, 656; Supreme Court

sesquicentennial, 715.
Bordley, J. B., portrait by, 826.
Boston American, cartoon, 843.
Boston Independent Chronicle.
pendent Chronicle.

See Inde-

Boston Post, cartoon, 841.
Boston Record, cartoon, 845.
Boudet, D. W., portraits by, 804, 806.
Boudinot, Elias, congressional election, con-
tested, 177-180; oath, 249, salaries, 255; re-
ception of Washington, 271, 272; executive
departments, 333, 335; power of removal,
383; messenger of House, 671.

Bourne, Benjamin, Providence petition, 475;
ratification convention, 493; representa-
tive, 498.

Bourne, Sylvanus, messenger to Adams, 258,
671.

Bowdoin, James, vice presidency, 206.
Bowen, Eleanor S., staff, 588.

Bowen, Jabez, on Rhode Island relations,
491-493.

Boy Scouts of America, jamboree, painting,
596, 597.

Bradford, William, ratification, 493.
Bradley, J. P., service, 756.

Bradley, S. R., diplomatic offices, 401-403.
Branch, John, Panama Congress, 403.

Brandeis, L. D., on power of removal, 388;
service, 758.

222964-40- -56

Brandt, C. L., portrait by, 816.

863

Braxton, Carter, Independence, 532; por-
trait, sketch, 800.

Braxton, George, sr., portrait, sketch, 822.
Braxton, George, jr., portrait, sketch, 786.
Braxton, Mrs. George, portrait, sketch, 784.
Brazil, commemorative stamp, 614; high
court, 759.

Brearley, David, portrait, sketch, 49, 52;
judge, 367; signs Constitution, 553.
Bressler Editorial Cartoons, 842.
Brewer, D. J., service, 757.
Broadsides, on formation of government,
list, 601-612.

Brockenbrough, John, Virginia imposts, 449.
Brooks, John, office-seeker, 264.

Broom, Ann, portrait, sketch, 796, 813;
object, 796.

Broom, Jacob, sketch, 55; signs Constitution,
553.

Broom, Sarah, portrait, sketch, 796, 813.
Brown, D. W., cartoon, 840.

Brown, Gustavus, portrait, sketch, 823.
Brown, Mrs. Gustavus, portrait, sketch, 823.
Brown, H. B., service, 757.

Brown, John, of Ky., service, 237; judiciary
bill, 363; appointments, 364; on prospects
of Union, 499.

Brown, John, of R. I., Mrs. Adams, 411.
Brown, John N., portrait committee, 774.
Brown, Mather, portrait by, 775.

Brown, W. H., portrait by, 827.

Bryan, George, amendments, 281.
Bryan, Samuel, broadside, 608.
Bulgaria, high court, 759.

Burke, Aedanus, representative, 196; sal-
aries, 255; amendments, 301, 306, 309,
310, 312; executive departments, 340.
Burnett, E. C., acknowledgment to, 142.
Burnley, Hardin, on amendments, 319.
Burr, Aaron, presidency, 43; nominations,
397; diplomatic offices, 401, 402.
Butler, Mrs. Marion, portrait committee,774.
Butler, Pierce, senator, Convention, 18;
portrait, sketch, 58; election, 196; on
Washington and presidency, 200; section-
alism, 234, character, 234; salaries, 254;
amendments, 311; judiciary bill, 358, 362;
power of removal, 387; signs Constitution,
533.

Butler, Pierce, judicial service, 758.

Cardoza, B. N., service, 758.
Carrington, Edward, capital, 157; letter to,
175; Virginia election, 194; vice presidency,
214, 215; salaries, 256; office-seeker, 264;
amendments, 323; state-nation pluralism,

437.

Carrogis de Carmontelle, Louis, portrait by,
802.

Carroll, Catharine, portrait, sketch, 824.

Carroll, Charles [1], portrait, sketch, 824.
Carroll, Charles [2], portrait, sketch, 822.
Carroll, Charles [3], of Carrollton, senator,
187, 188; service, 237, 'salaries, 254; recep-
tion of Washington, 271; amendments,
315; titles 374, 375; power of removal, 387;
presidential intercourse, 395; state-nation
pluralism, 437; Rhode Island, 494; Inde-
pendence, 529, 532; portraits and sketches,
778, 780, 788, 819, 824.

Carroll, Charles [4], portraits, sketches,
794, 824.

Carroll, Mrs. Charles [1], portrait, sketch,
825.

Carroll, Mrs. Charles [2], portrait, sketch,
823.

Carroll, Daniel, portraits, sketches, 56, 784,

785; representative, 789; inauguration, 274,
275; amendments, 308, 311; titles, 374;
foreign department, 335, 336; Confeder-
ation, 540, signs Constitution, 553.
Carroll, Mrs. Daniel, portrait, sketch, 775.
Carroll, Mary, portrait, sketch, 775.
Cartoons, importance, 829; constitutional,
830-860.

Catron, John, service, 756.

Census, first, 430.

Ceremony. See Society.

Chamberlin, Mason, portrait by, 823.
Chambers, Stephen, candidacy, 183.
Chandler Case, 430.

Chaplains in Congress, 242, 243.

Charters, colonial, 5, 6.

Chase, Anne, portrait, sketch, 814.

Chase, Matilda, portrait, sketch, 814.
Chase, Salmon P., on Union, 28; service, 754.
Chase, Samuel, ratification, 26; Independ-

ence, 532; service, 755; portraits, sketches,
778, 816; objects, 786, 800.

Chase, Mrs. Samuel, portrait, sketch, 814.
Chatham, Lord, colonial taxation, 8; civil
rights, 40.

Cherokee treaty, 407.

Checks and balances, 30, 569. See also
Separation of powers.

Chicago Daily News, cartoon, 847.
Chicago Examiner, cartoon, 852.
Chicago Herald and Examiner, cartoon, 834.
Chicago Tribune, cartoons, 848, 855, 857,
858, 860.

Chief justices of United States, title, 133;
impeachment of President, 543; list, 754.
Chile, high court, 759.

China, commemorative stamp, 614; high
court, 759.

Chisholm v. Georgia, 746.

Chrétian, G. L., portrait by, 814.
Christy, H. C., commemorative paintings,
591, 592, 596, 597, 638.
Cicero, on law, 741.

Cincinnati, Society of the, address of Rhode
Island, 491.

Circuit courts, provision for, 356, 358, 362;
first term, 372; charges to grand juries,
430; political value of circuit riding, 431;
North Carolina certiorari incident, 463.
Cities, development, maps, 111, 114, 115,
119.
Citizenship, interstate rights, 36; privileges,
protection, 36, 42, 551, 559; regulation, 44,
560; basis, 158.

Civil rights, and Thirteenth Amendment,
44; Magna Carta, 515; natural law, 741,
742. See also Bill of Rights.

Civil trial, regulation, 42, 136, 558. See also
Jury.

Civil War, effect, 117, 700; structural reason,
749.

Claims, basis of territorial, 5, 6; interstate,
537, 550, 551.

Clark, Abraham, candidacy, 178, 179;
Independence, 532; portrait, sketch, 788.
Clark, John, penmanship, 765.
Clarke, J. H., service, 758.
Clay, Henry,

Address, 563.

manuscript

Clerk of House, 238.

of Farewell

Cleveland, Grover, on free institutions, 728.
Clifford, Nathan, service, 756.

Clingan, William, Confederation, 540.
Clinton, George, ratification, 25, 27; capital,
151; elections, 171; senators, 176; vice
presidency, 214, 216; reception of Wash-
ington, 262, 273; letter to, 262; inaugura-
tion, 276; second convention, 280, 287,
288; state-nation pluralism, 439; readjust-
ment of state finances, 456; portrait,
sketch, 782.

Clothes, presidential, 259-261, 276; judicial
robes, 371.

Clymer, George, portraits, sketches, 53,
801, 819; elections, candidacy, 180-183,
235; second convention, 285; amendments
in House, 306-308; titles, 375; power of
removal, 383, 385; Independence, 532;
signs Constitution, 553.

Coercion of states, plans, 19, 21; substitute,

22.

Coins. See Money.

Coke, Sir Edward, on natural law, 742.
Coles, Isaac, representative, 195.
Colleges, delegates, 16; congressmen, 236.
Collins, John, ratification, 492; proclamation,
499; Confederation, 539.
Colombia, high court, 759.

Colonies, rights of Englishmen, 6, 7; experi-
ence in government, 7; effect of French
and Indian War, 7; commerce and taxa-
tion, 7.

Color, suffrage restriction, 44, 560.

Colorado, admission, 60.

Colt, Peter, letter to, 261.

Columbia College, congressmen, 236.
Columbus, Christopher, Henry VII, 5.
Commerce, restriction on colonial, 7; need of
central control, 12; interstate agreement,
74; Annapolis Convention, 14, 15; power
of Congress, elements, 31, 545; develop-
ment, 112, 115; proposed amendments,
295; equality of regulations, 547; liquor,
562. See also Duties; Lighthouses.
Commissions to congressmen, 160, 168-170,
177, 185, 188, 190, 196.

Committee of Detail, members, 123.
Committee of Style, members, 123.
Committee of the States, 537.

Committee of the whole, use, 246, 247, 358.
Committees, House, 239, 246; Senate, and
treaties, 406.

Committees of correspondence, 123.

Communications, inter-house, 239, 242-
244, 258; President and Congress, 391,
393-399.

Comptroller general, term, 131.
Comstock, Job, ratification, 493.
Confederation, development, Articles, text,
10, 533-540, 650; character, weaknesses,
10-13, 128, 679, 680; amendment, 12;
value, Articles and Constitution, 13, 744;
seat of government, 146, 147; end, 220-
223; judiciary, 349; survivals, 408. See
also Continental Congress; Signers.
Congress, gatherings of first, delay, quorum,
27, 125, 126, 221, 229-232; law-making
power, 31; organization regulations, 31,
543, 544; process of legislation, 31, 130,
131, 545, prohibitions, 32, 546, 547; meet-
ings, 46, 132, 137, 544, 549, 561; congress-
men not officers, 129; pairing, 129, be-
ginning of first term, 221-223; politics and
sectionalism in first, 232-235, 469, 472;
personnel, service, 235-239; problem of
novelty, 237, 238; inter-house communica-
tions, 239, 242-244, 258; chaplains, 242,
243; joint rules respecting bills, 245; print-
ing, 245; newspapers, 245; inter-house
courtesy, relations, 246, 257; unfinished
business at end of session, 247; oath bill,
248-251; enactment style, 248-251; rev-
enue measures, 256; counting electoral
vote, 258, 670, 671; presidential mansion,
263; inauguration plans, 274, 275; inaugu-
ration, 275-278; call for second conven-
tion, 285; proposed amendments on regu-
lations, 295; proposed amendment
salary changes, 302, 308, 313, 317-319;
executive officers and floor, 339, 340; con-
tention over titles, 373-377; power of
removal, 382-388; communications with
President, 391; presidential addresses in
state, replies, 408; state officers and mem-
bership, 436-441, 445; lighthouses, 451;
jails, 453; outside states, 473-478, 485-487,
489-491, 493-495; messages, 549; broad-
sides, 612; sesquicentennial celebration,
654; views of celebration, 660, 664, 668,
674, 678; annals, individual membership,
666, 672; members of 1st and 76th, 685-
689. See also Amendments; Federal Hall;

on

865

House; Powers; Representation; Salaries;
Senate.

Conkling, Roscoe, service, 757.
Connecticut, ratification, 25, 60, 125, 652;
election act, 170; senators, 170; election of
representatives, 170; electors, vote, 171,
215, 216; oath, 249, 433, 434; second con-
vention, 285; and amendments, 327; Penn-
sylvania case, 350; state-nation pluralism,
439; cessation of imposts, 446; lighthouse
cession, 452; Constitution and state laws,
454; pensions, 456; copper coinage, 456;
secret sessions of Senate, 459; requirement
on senators, 465; Rhode Island, 483, 485;
Signers, 532, 539, 553; broadsides, 605.
Connecticut Compromise, 21, 123.
Constitution, meaning of term, 126.
Constitution of United States, beginning of
operation, 27, 125, 220-223, 556; national
development under, 110-120, 669; au-
thors, 123; engrosser, 123, 761-769; words,
reading time, 124; as rigid, 127; Glad-
stone's statement, 127, 723; philosophy,
127; origins, 127; as model, 128; history
and appearance of original, 541, 626;
literal text, 541-552; Washington on
preservation and obedience, 567, 568; fac-
simile, 590, 593, 596; liberal interpretation,
basic character, 633-637, 643; sacredness,
640, 665; experience and alteration, 641;
as milestone, 663; origin and security,
740-742; validity, 742. See also next
titles; Amendments; Union.
Constitution Shrine, replicas, 593, 594, 596;
standard, 593, 595, 596; dedication, 622;
address at, 623-627.

Constitutional Convention, genesis, call, 14,
15; deputies, portraits and sketches of
Signers, 15-18, 49-59, 121, 122; organiza-
tion, 18; records, 18, 122, 821; plans
before, 19-21; law of the land, 22, 38;
ratification and amendment, 22, 23; execu-
tive, 23, 132; end, signing, 23, 24, 124;
length, 122; resolve on organizing govern-
ment, 144, 553; Washington and provisions
on executive, 200; executive departments,
332; judiciary, 350; address, 554; paintings
on signing, 591, 592, 638, 818; commem-
orative stamp, 613; sesquicentennial cel-
ebration, 616-648; work, 733-735. See
also Representation; Signers.
Constitutional government, economic direc-
tion, basis and purpose, 631, 632, 646;
essentials, 675; preservation of liberty, 676;
survival, 677, 680; representation, elec-
tions, 680, 681; Bill of Rights as element,
681-683; position of Supreme Court, 721,
722; justice, 723, 725; development of
British, 740. See also Democracy.
Constitutionality, construction, control, 22,
35, 36, 38, 133, 250, 384-386, 731, 732,
745-748; first questioning, 133. See also
Supreme law.

Constitutions, state, character of first, 12,
22; alteration, 454.
Continental Congress, equal state vote, 9;
lack of coercive power, 9; position, war
powers, 9-11; end, work, 13, 156; call of
Convention, 15, ratification, 24, 122, 555,
556; organization of new government, 27,