Seney, Joshua, candidacy, 189; salaries, 252.
Separation of powers, 30, 36; proposed
amendments, 302, 310, 314; Washington
on importance, 569; essentiality, 728, 732,
735.
Sergeant at arms, House, 239.
Sessions. See Meetings; Secrecy.
Seventeenth Amendment, 45, 561; date of
ratification, 66.
Seventh Amendment, 42, 558; date of ratifi-
cation, 62.
Sevier, John, representative, 481.
Sewall, David, state-nation pluralism, 442,
443.
Shallus, Jacob, engrosser of Constitution,
123, 766-769.
Sharples, James, portraits by, 372, 810, 812.
Sherburne, Henry, on Rhode Island com-
merce, 493.
Sherman, Roger, Convention, 17; portraits,
sketches, 51, 811, 823; age, 236; service,
236; state officials and oath, 249; inaugura-
tion, 274; amendments, 297-299, 301, 306,
308, 310, 312, 315; titles, 374, 375; power
of removal, 383; presidential power, 389;
Morris, 401; state-nation pluralism, 440;
Independence, 532; Confederation, 539;
signs Constitution, 553.
Shiras, George, service, 757.
Shoemaker, Vaughn, cartoon, 847.
Short, William, letters to, 323, 401; diplo-
matic appointments, 394, 399–402.
Shrine. See Constitution Shrine.
Siam, high court, 760.
Signers, portraits and sketches, Constitution,
49-59, 553, 775, 776, 780, 784, 786, 790,
794-798, 802, 806-825, 827; Declaration
of Independence, 532, 775-780, 788, 790,
794, 798-802, 808, 810, 814-824, 826, 827;
Articles of Confederation, 539, 540, 776-
784, 788, 794, 812, 814, 819-821, 823, 825,
826.
Silvester, Peter, state officials and oath, 250;
power of removal, 384.
Simpkins, Arthur, election, 218.
Smith, William, service, 756.
Smith, William Loughton, candidacy, broad-
side, 196, 611; contested election, 196; age,
236; amendments, 301; power of removal,
382, 383.
Smith, William Stephens, Adams' candidacy,
208; coach, 265, on demand for amend-
ments, 290; postoffice, 345.
Smuggling, from outside states, 476, 477,
486-488.
Social conditions, changes, 112–123.
Society, status of President, obligation, 260,
410, 422; colonial vestiges, 273; president
of Old Congress, 410, 420; first ladies, 411;
Vice President, 411; formation of Wash-
ington's regulations, 412-417; levees,
dinners, receptions, 417, 418, 421, 422;
President's invitation as command, 418;
large receptions, 418; criticism, 418, 419;
Washington's defense, 419-422; precedent,
422. See also Titles.
Solmson, Meyer, staff, 588.
South, antebellum, 116; postbellum, 118.
South Africa, high court, 611.
South Carolina, settlement, 6; ratification,
26, 60, 125; 652; elections, 195; electoral
vote, 216, 218; ratification of amendments,
318; Georgia case, 350; state-nation plural-
ism, 438; cessation of imposts, 449; light-
house cession, 451; new constitution, 454,
455; Signers, 532, 540, 553; broadside, 611.
South Dakota, admission, 60.
Sovereignty, doctrine of state, 117; in state-
nation pluralism, 444, 445; in North
Carolina contest, 470. See also Secession;
Supreme law.
Spaight, R. D., portrait, sketch, 57; candi-
dacy, 481; signs Constitution, 553.
Spain, commemorative stamp, 614.
Speaker of the House, election, 238; com-
mittee assignments, 239; style, 243; pro-
vision for, 543.
Speech, freedom, restrictions, 41,
amendment to preserve, 294, 302, 308.
Spruce, Lee, staff, 588.
Sinnickson, Thomas, candidacy, 177-179; Stamp Act Congress, 8.
contested election, 179.
Sixteenth Amendment, 44, 137, 560; date of
ratification, 66.
Sixth Amendment, 42, 136, 557; date of rati-
fication, 62.
Slave trade, regulation, 22, 546.
Slavery, question in Convention, 18, 21;
abolition, no compensation, 44, 559, 560;
protection of freedmen, 44, 559; negro
suffrage, 44, 560; development, political
result, 113, 115, 117; representation, 542.
Smibert, John, portrait by, 782.
Smilie, John, amendments, 281; oath, 434.
Smith, James, Independence, 532.
Smith, Mrs. James G., portrait committee,
Smith, John Bayard, Confederation, 540.
Smith, Melancton, ratification, 27; candi-
dacy, 176.
Stanton, E. M., judicial services, 765.
Stanton, Joseph, diplomatic offices, 401, 402;
ratification, 493; senator, 498.
State, Department of, creation, 337; Jeffer-
son as secretary, 342-346; intercourse with
diplomats, 425. See also Foreign relations.
States, status under Constitution, 28, 37;
reserved powers, 30, 42, 302, 311, 312,
588; prohibitions, 32, 33, 136, 547; inter-
state relations, 36, 551; domestic violence,
37, 551; suits, 43, 530, 558; restrictions,
44, 559; rights and amendments, 299;
small, and amendments, 302; proposed
bill of rights against, 302, 310, 314; con-
federate accounts, 409; problems of federal
readjustment, 432; excise, 450; national
prisoners in jails, 453; new constitutions,
454; readjustment of finances, 455, 456;
copper coins, 456, 457; troops, 457; in-
completeness of readjustment, 465; im-
portance, 676. See also Division of powers;
Duties; Instructions; Lighthouses; Oath;
Republican; Sovereignty.
Stay and tender laws, in outside states, 470,
472, 482, 488, 491.
Stearns, J. B., painting by, 818.
Sterett, Samuel, candidacy, 189.
Steuben, Baron von, inauguration, 276.
Stiles, Ezra, on Adams' journey, 265.
Stillman, Samuel, prayer, 369.
Stockton, Richard, Independence, 532.
Stockton, Samuel, candidate for clerkship,
239.
Stone, H. F., portrait, 717; Supreme Court
sesquicentennial, 718; service, 758.
Stone, M. J., amendments, 307; foreign de-
partment, 335; style of writs, 364.
Stone, Thomas, portraits, sketches, 826.
Storrs, F. H., view by, 828.
Story, Joseph, on character of Constitu-
tion, 29; on status of judiciary, 35;
service, 755.
Story of the Constitution, purpose, distribu-
tion, 3, 596.
Strauss, Manny, adviser, 588.
Strong, Caleb, ratification, 25; senator, 164;
departs, 221; attends, 229; judiciary bill,
353-355; power of removal, 387, 388;
Morris, 401; portrait, sketch, 805, 816.
Strong, William, service, 756.
Stuart, Archibald, letter to, 253.
Stuart, David, letters to, 241, 379, 419, 421;
amendments, 320; titles, 379; power of
removal, 390; ceremony, 420.
Stuart, Gilbert, portraits by, 780, 804, 806,
814, 816, 818, 825, 827.
Style, enactment of bills, 248-251. See also
Titles; Writs.
Suarez, Francisco, on natural law, 742.
Suffrage, restrictions on abridgment, 44,
45, 560, 561.
Sullivan, James, on capital, 150; Hancock,
210, 368.
Sullivan, John, ratification, 143; election law,
159; candidacy, 160; elector, autograph,
219; state-nation pluralism, 443–445; letter
to, 445; on Constitution and state laws,
454.
Sully, Thomas, portraits by, 778, 780, 782,
786, 818, 827.
Sumner, Jessie, Congress sesquicentennial,
656.
Sumner, Job, on senatorial election, 197.
Sumners, H. W., Supreme Court sesqui-
centennial, address, 715, 738.
Sumter, Thomas, representative, 196; serv-
ice, 237; amendments, 301.
Supreme Court, impeachment, 129; term,
132; correct address, 133; salaries, 133,
363; number of justices, 133; judiciary
bill, 355, 357; appeals from state courts,
356, 361; appointments, 364-368; first
term, 369-372, 718; justices on circuit,
political influence, 372, 430, 431; Rut-
ledge's rejection, 397; refusal of judicial
opinion, 428, 429; influence, position, 672,
676; sesquicentennial observance, 715;
view of building, 716; group picture, 717;
seal, 719; constructions and precedents,
719-721, 726; and democratic govern-
ment, 721, 722; political keystone, 723,
724, 726, 729, 730; and division of powers,
725, 731, 732; impartiality and disagree-
ments, 725, 726; basis of authority, 731;
attacks on, 735, 736; evolution, predeces-
sors, 737, 744, 745; chief and associate
justices, services, 754-758; high courts of
other nations, 759. See also Constitu-
tionality; Judiciary.
Supreme law, law of the land, Virginia Plan,
20; Paterson Plan, 20, 22; solution of federal
problem, 22; principle, 38, 39, 134, 552;
in English documents, 515, 520, 521, 527;
necessity to liberty, 637, 641-643. See also
Constitutionality.
Sutherland, George, service, 758.
Swarthout, Gladys, songs, 662, 683.
Swayne, N. H., on beginning of new govern-
ment, 222; service, 756.
Sweden, high court, 760.
Sweigert, Claude, cartoon, 837.
Switzerland, high court, 760.
Sykes, C. H., cartoon, 831.
Taber, John, Commission, v.
Taft, W. H., on power of removal, 388;
service, 754.
Taney, R. B., service 747, 754.
Tarboro, N. C., ratification, 470.
Tariff. See Duties.
Tastet, Joseph, staff, 588.
Taxation, need of central power, 12; appor-
tionment of direct, 21, 542, 546; power of
Congress, purpose, 31, 545; unapportioned
income, 44, 137, 560; opposition to direct,
180, 294, 295, 312; Washington on, 570.
See also Duties.
Taylor, Ann, sampler, sketch, 828.
Taylor, F. H., portrait committee, 774.
Taylor, George, Independence, 532.
Telfair, Edward, candidacy, 197; Confede-
ration, 540.
Temple, Sir John, illumination, 273.
Tennessee, admission, 60; ceded by North
Carolina, 481.
Tenney, U. D., portrait by, 826.
Tenth Amendment, 43, 558; date of ratifi-
cation, 62.
Terms, officers, 131; judicial, 132, 550;
presidential, 137, 547, 561; congressional,
542, 543.
Territories, control, 37, 551; existing, 61;
delegates in Congress, 134.
Territory, discovery and claim, 5; original
American, additions, maps, 6, 110-112,
Thacher, George, letters to, 152, 209, 235,
256, 379; Federal Hall, 224; service, 237;
enactment style, 251.
Theüs, Jeremiah, portrait by, 818.
Thibault, Conrad, songs, 692, 698; portrait,
695.
Third Amendment, 42, 557; date of ratifica-
tion, 62.
Thirteenth Amendment, 44, 55, 559; date of
ratification, 64.
Thomas, J. C., songs, 672, 683.
Thomas, Marshall, impersonation, 713.
Thompson, Ebenezer, elector, 219.
Thompson, Smith, service, 755.
Thomson, Charles, electoral votes, 217; end
of Old Congress, 224; dropped, 240, 346;
to Mt. Vernon, message, reply, 258, 267,
671, 693, 894; in Washington's progress,
268; letter to, 349; broadsides, 611;
portraits, sketch, 693, 804.
Thomson, Mrs. Charles, portrait, sketch,
804.
Thomson, William, messenger, 217.
Thornton, Matthew, Independence, 532.
Titles, congressional, 243, 377; colonial
vestiges, 373; Congress and presidential,
373-377; correspondence on, Adams
blamed, 377-379; Washington's attitude,
379; newspaper ferment, lampoons, 380-
Towner, Mrs. H. M., address, 692.
Transportation, development, maps, 113,
114, 119, 120.
Treason, definition, punishment, 134, 551.
Treasurer, term, 131.
Treasury, under Continental Congress, 330,
331, 335; bill in House, single head or
board, 334; head and reports to Congress,
339, 340; bill for department, 339-341;
Hamilton as secretary, 342, 345, 346;
members of old Board dropped 345, 346;
ad interim conditions, 409; public lands,
409.
Treaties, supreme law, 20, 38, 552; power to
make, 23, 34, 549; prohibition on states,
33, 547; sole consultation of President and
Senate, 404-406; later advice by message,
406; two-thirds vote, 406; status of
Indian, 406; cessation of preliminary ad-
vice, 407; alteration by Senate, 408.
Trenton, N. J., capital, 126; reception of
Washington, 271, 274, 608.
Trevett v. Weeden, 488.
Trimble, Robert, service, 755.
Trist, Martha, view by, 828.
Trist, N. P., portrait, sketch, 822.
Trumbull, John, portraits by, 775, 776, 782,
792, 798, 821.
Trumbull, Jonathan, representative, cer-
tificate, 168-170; on Connecticut elections,
171; on vice presidency, 206; epistolary
etiquette, 206; on vote for Adams, 215;
candidacy for Speaker, 238; letter to, 290;
titles, 376.
Tucker, John, judicial clerk, 370.
Tucker, T. T., capital, 148; representative,
196; reception of Washington, 271; amend-
ments, 308, 310–312.
Turkey, commemorative stamp, 614; high
court, 760.
Twelfth Amendment, 43, 558; date of ratifi-
cation, 64.
Twentieth Amendment, 46, 137, 561; criti-
cized, 46, 734; date of ratification, 67.
Twenty-first Amendment, 47, 562; date of
ratification, 67.
Twining, Thomas, received by Washington,
Unfinished business, noncontinuance, 247.
Union, diagram, 4; colonial plans, 7; Albany
Plan, 8; Stamp Act Congress, 8; commit-
tees, 8; war stimulus, 10; development,
10, 743, 744, 749; effect of Civil War, 117;
direct action, 428; influence of judiciary,
431, 746-748; completion, prospects, 496-
499; success, 667, 669; completeness, 701;
confidence, 702; reaction after Marshall,
750-753. See also Confederation; Constitu-
tion; Continental Congress; Federalism;
Sectionalism; States.
United Features Syndicate, cartoons, 849,
850.
United States Capitol, view, 659; Webster's
address, 666.
United States Constitution Sesquicentennial
Commission, resolution for, iv; members,
v; report, vi, 581; appropriation, 583;
aim, 583, 585; proclamation of celebra-
tion, 584; organization, chart, 585-587;
staff, 585, 588; local organizations, 588;
information sheets, 589, 590; publications
and items, 590-593; shrines, 593-596;
Story, 596; Boy Scouts, 596, 597; portraits
exhibit, 596, 598, 599, 770, 771; medals,
599-602; maps, 599, 600; broadsides,
601-612; stamps, 613; Masonic tribute,
614; chief events of celebration, 616.
United States of America, term, 121.
Uruguay, high court, 760.
Utah, admission, 60.
Vallée, J. F., portrait by, 827.
Van Cortlandt, Philip, portrait, sketch, 784.
Van Cortlandt, Pierre, inauguration, 276;
oath, 434.
Vanderbilt, John, elections, 174.
Van Devanter, Willis, service, 757.
Van Dyke, Nicholas, Confederation, 540.
Van Nuys, Frederick, Commission, v.
Van Schaack, Henry, on salaries, 256.
Venezuela, high court, 760.
Vermont, admission, 60; ratification of
amendments, 319.
Verses, on new government, 220; lampoon
on titles, 381; on completion of Union,
496, 498.
Veto, Virginia Plan, 19; presidential, 31, 34,
130, 545.
Vice presidency, status, 33; succession to
presidency, 46, 137, 548, 561; possible
candidates, 205-207; Hancock or Adams,
207-211; Washington and Adams, 211,
212; Adams' attitude, 212; expected status,
213; and President before Senate, 214,
398, 399; reducing vote for Adams, 214-
216; signing bills, 250; notification, 258,
671; Adams' journey, map, 264-266, 269;
residence, 266; taking the chair, address,
266, 671, 672; and debate, 266; salary,
379; presidential messengers, 392, 393;
society, 411; duties, 543; impeachment,
550; qualifications, 559. See also Adams,
John.
Vining, John, age, 236; salaries, 252, 253;
amendments, 301, 308, 315; executive
departments, 334, 335, 337; power of
removal, 385; Senate secrecy, 395.
Vining, Mary, portrait, sketch, 827.
Virgin Islands, annexation, 61.
Virginia, charters, 5; commercial agreement,
14; Annapolis Convention, 15; ratification,
26, 40, 60, 125, 143; Henry's control, 190;
election acts, 191; senatorial elections,
192, 193; electors, 193; representatives,
193-195; electoral vote, 216, 218; Senate
secret sessions and assumption, instruc-
tions and protest, 241, 459-461; second
convention, 282-285; ratification of
amendments, 319-324; oath, 433-435;
state-nation pluralism, 436, 437; cessation
of imposts, 448, 449; inspection duties,
450; cessation of admiralty court, 450;
lighthouse cession, 451; state troops, 457;
Independence, 529; Signers, 532, 540, 553;
broadsides, 610.
Virginia Plan, 19.
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Wadsworth, Jeremiah, Connecticut elections,
170, 215; letters to, 214, 470; gathering of
Congress, 230; cloth for Washington, 260;
second convention, 285; executive depart-
ments, 335.
Waggaman, T. E., court marshal, 718.
Wait, T. B., on sectionalism, 235; on salaries,
256; on titles, 379.
Waite, M. R., service, 754.
Waller, S. G., Mount Vernon exercises, 619,
621.
Walton, George, judicial candidacy, letter to,
365; Independence, 532; views of home,
828.
Walton, John, Confederation, 540.
War Department, under old government,
331; bill, 338, 339; appointment of Knox,
344; ad interim condition, 409.
War powers, congressional, extent, 32, 546;
presidential, 34, 549; proposed amend-
ments, 295; states, 547.
Warren, Mercy (Otis), letter to, 213; on
official society, 410.
Washington, Bushrod, service, 755.
Washington, George, on weakness of Con-
tinental Congress, 9, 11, 14; and success of
Revolution, 11; Potomac River improve-
ment, 14; Convention, 16, 18, 122; ratifica-
tion, 25, 352; portraits, sketches, ii, 49,
783, 784, 790, 802, 812, 825, 827; and
Declaration of Independence, 124; Fare-
well Address, text, 124, 563; ratification
celebration, 143; West, 147; temporary
capital, 149-151, 155; letters to, 151, 153,
171, 179, 202, 203, 206–208, 280, 282, 290,
320, 321, 323, 344, 379, 390, 402, 429, 478,
491, 493; permanent capital, 155, 156; on
Henry, 190, 192; demand for acceptance of
presidency, 199-201; reluctance, depreca-
tion, 201, 203-205, 264, 696, 697; pres-
sure of his correspondents, 202, 203;
expectancy of acceptance, 205; and vice
presidency, 211, 212; on delay of Congress,
231; on Senate secret sessions, 241; on
congressional salaries, 254; election noti-
fication, reply, 258, 267, 671, 693, 694;
preparations for departures, 259; clothes,
260, 261; on Quakers and illumination,
261; proposed temporary lodgings, 262,
263; Adams on, 266; amendments, 290;
executive appointments, 342-346; judicial
appointments, 343, 364-368; wartime
prize cases, 347; on admiralty seal, 349;
entertains justices, 372; on titles contro-
versy, 379; power of removal, 391; on
Senate and diplomatic offices, 402; strain,
relaxation, 422; on social attitude, 422;
tours, 422; North Carolina, 471, 478, 479;
Rhode Island, 491, 493; on completion of
Union, 498; signs Constitution, 553; reso-
lution and letter of Convention. 554, 555;
commemoration at tomb, 618-621; admo-
nitions, 620, 626; character, 710, 712;
statue, 711; object, 800. See also Inaugu-
ration; Journeys; Mount Vernon; Presi-
dency.
Washington, Martha, journey, 411; recep-
tions, 417, 422.
Washington, admission, 60.
Washington, D. C., capital, preparation,
126, 155, 156; broadside, 612.
Washington Herald, cartoon, 851.
Washington Evening Star, cartoon, opp. 831.
Watson, E. M., Mount Vernon exercises,
695.
Watts, Robert, Federal Hall, 225.
Wayne, Anthony, candidacy, 197.
Wayne, J. M., service, 755.
Webb, F. P., impersonation, 713.
Webster, Ebenezer, elections, 159.
Webster, Daniel, and Constitution, 128;
cornerstone address, 666; on justice, 723.
Webster, Noah, pamphlet, 14.
Webster, Pelatiah, pamphlet, 14.
Weights and measures, regulation, 545.
Weiss, J., view by, 814.
Wentworth, John, jr., confederation, 539.
Wertmüller, A. U., portraits by, 784.
West, Benjamin, New Hampshire candidacy, 160.
West, Benjamin, debt of American art, 772; portrait by, 804.
West, H. L., staff, 588.
West, and seat of government, 150.
West Virginia, admission, 60.
Western claims, and Confederation, 11; Constitution on, 551.
Whalen, G. A., World's Fair address, 706. Whipple, William, Independence, 532; portrait, sketch, 826.
Whiskey Insurrection, influence of suppression, 426.
White, Alexander, on salaries, 256.
White, E. D., service, 754, 757.
White, Mrs. Miles, portrait committee, 774.
Whitehill, Robert, amendments, 281.
Whitelaw, R. N. S., portrait committee, 774.
William and Mary College, congressmen,
236.
Williams, C. R., acknowledgment to, 142;
staff, 588; broadsides, 601.
Williams, John, Confederation, 540.
Williams, William, Independence, 532.
Williamson, Hugh, portrait, sketch, 57; cap-
ital, 149; on beginning of new government,
223; on sectional control, 232; on Anti-
federalist leaders, 470; accounts commis-
sioner, 473; representative, 481; signs
Constitution, 553.
Wilmington, Del., reception of Washington, 270.
Wilmington, N. C., trade, 476.
Wilson, James, Convention, 17, 123, 351; ratification, 25; portraits, sketches, 49, 54, 798, 815; elections, 183; bill of rights, 293; judiciary bill, 355; appointment as justice, 365, 367, 368; first term, 370; letter to, 372; on circuit, 372; refusal of judicial opinion, 429; North Carolina certiorari incident, 463; Independence, 532; signs Constitution, 533; service, 754. Wilson, Woodrow, addresses before Congress, 408.
Wingate, Paine, candidacy for House, 160; senator, 160; attends, 229; harmony, 233; service, 236; secret sessions, 241; interhouse relations, 257; notification of Washington, 258; amendments, 297; letter to, 300; Hillegas, 330; judiciary bill, 353, 354, 359; Jay, 367; power of removal, 387; Morris, 401.
Wisconsin, admission, 60.
Wise, H. A., disunion, 749.
Witherspoon, John, candidacy, 178; Independence, 532; Confederation 539; portrait, sketch, 826.
Wolcott, Erastus, elector, 171.
Wolcott, Oliver, sr., elections, 171; Independence, 532.
Wolcott, Oliver, jr., portrait, sketch, 814.
Wolfborough, N. H., election, 603.
Wollaston, John, portraits by, 775, 784, 821-823.
Women, suffrage, 45, 561; Congress, 45.
Woodbury, Levi, service, 756.
Woods, W. B., service, 756.
Worcester, v. Georgia, 746.
World peace, sought, 703, 709.
Wortman, Denys, impersonation, 712, 713.
Wright, Joseph, portrait by, 808.
Writs, style, 297, 363, 364, 370, 371.
Writs of assistance, 42.
Wylie, Craig, portrait committee, 774.
Wyllys, George, autograph, 169.
Wynkoop, Henry, candidacy, 183.
Wyoming, admission, 60.
Wyoming Valley, case, 350.
Wythe, George, Convention, 17; Court of
Appeals, 349; and justiceship, 367; Inde-
pendence, 532; portrait, sketch, 817, 827.
Yale College, congressmen, 236.
Yale Todd Case, 430.
Yates, Robert, records of Convention, 19; candidacy, 176; second convention, 288. Yea and nay vote, 544.
York, Pa., capital, 126.
Yugoslavia, high court, 761.
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