SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.-When used in this Act

(a) The term "outer Continental Shelf" means all submerged lands lying seaward and outside of the area of lands beneath navigable waters as defined in section 2 of the Submerged Lands Act (Public Law 31, Eighty-third Congress, first session), and of which the subsoil and seabed appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction and control;

(b) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Interior; [(c) The term "mineral lease" means any form of authorization for the exploration for, or development or removal of deposits of, oil, gas, or other minerals; and]

(c) The term "lease" means any form of authorization which is issued under section 8 or maintained under section 6 of this Act and which authorizes exploration, development, or production (or a combination thereof as provided in section 8(b) (4) of this Act) of (1) deposits of oil, gas, or other minerals, or (2) geothermal steam;

(d) The term "person" includes, in addition to a natural person, an association, a State, a political subdivision of a State, or a private, public, or municipal corporation [];

(e) The term "coastal zone" means the coastal water (including the lands therein and thereunder) and the adjacent shorelands (including the waters therein and thereunder), strongly influenced by each other and in proximity to the shorelines of the several coastal States, and includes islands, transition and intertidal areas, salt marshes, wetlands, and beaches, which zone extends seaward to the outer limit of the United States territorial sea and extends inlands from the shorelines to the extent necessary to control shorelands, the uses of which have a direct and significant impact on the coastal waters, and the inward boundaries of which may be identified by the several coastal States, pursuant to the authority of section 305 (b) (1) of the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1454 (b)(1)); (f) The term "affected State" means, with respect to any program, plan, lease, sale, or other activity proposed, conducted, or approved pursuant to the provisions of this Act, any State

(1) the laws of which are declared, pursuant to section 4(a) (2) of this Act, to be the law of the United States for the portion of the outer Continental Shelf on which such activity is, or is proposed to be, conducted;

(2) which is or is proposed to be directly connected by transportation facilities to any artificial island, installation, or other device referred to in section 4 (a) (1) of this Act;

(3) which is receiving, or in accordance with the proposed activity will receive, oil for processing, refining, or transshipment which was extracted from the outer Continental Shelf and transported directly to such State by means of vessels or by a combination of means including vessels;

(4) which is designated by the Secretary as a State in which there is a substantial probability of significant impact on or damage to the coastal, marine, or human environment, or a State in which there will be significant changes in the social, governmental, or economic infrastructure, resulting from the exploration, development, and production of oil and gas anywhere on the outer Continental Shelf; or

(5) in which the Secretary finds that because of such activity there is, or will be, a significant risk of serious damage, due to factors such as prevailing winds and currents, to the marine or coastal environment in the event of any oilspill, blowout, or release of oil or gas from vessels, pipelines, or other transshipment facilities;

(g) The term "marine environment" means the physical, atmospheric, and biological components, conditions, and factors which interactively determine the productivity, state, condition, and quality of the marine ecosystem, including the waters of the high seas, the contiguous zone, transitional and intertidal areas, salt marshes, and wetlands within the coastal zone and on the outer Continental Shelf;

(h) The term "coastal environment" means the physical, atmospheric, and biological components, conditions, and factors which interactively determine the productivity, state, condition, and quality of the terrestrial ecosystem from the shoreline inward to the boundaries of the coastal zone;

(i) The term "human environment" means the physical, esthetic, social, and economic components, conditions, and factors which interactively determine the state, condition, and quality of living conditions, recreation, air and water, employment, and health of those affected, directly or indirectly, by activities occurring on the outer Continental Shelf:

(j) The term "Governor" means the Governor of a State, or the person or entity designated by, or pursuant to, State law to exercise the powers granted to such Governor pursuant to this Act;

(k) The term "exploration" means the process of searching for oil, natural gas, or other minerals, or geothermal steam, including (1) geophysical surveys where magnetic, gravity, seismic, or other systems are used to detect or imply the presence of such resources, and (2) any drilling, whether on or off known geological structures, including the drilling of a well in which a discovery of oil or natural gas in paying quantities is made, the drilling of any additional delineation well after such discovery which is needed to delineate any reservoir and to enable the lessee to determine whether to proceed with development and production:

(1) The term "development" means those activities which take place following discovery of oil, natural gas, or other minerals, or geothermal steam, in paying quantities, including geophysical activity, drilling, platform construction, pipeline routing, and operation of all on-shore support facilities and which are for the purpose of ultimately producing the resources discovered;

(m) The term "production" means those activities which take place after the successful completion of any means for the removal of resources, including such removal, field operations, transfer of oil, natural gas, or other minerals, or geothermal steam, to shore, operation monitoring, maintenance, and work-over drilling;

(n) The term "antitrust law" means—

(1) the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.):

(2) the Clanton Act (15 U.S.C. 12 et seq.):

(3) the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.); (4) the Wilson Tariff Act (15 U.S.C. 8 et seq.); or

(5) the Act of June 19, 1936, chapter 592 (15 U.S.C. 13, 13a,. 136, and 21a);

(o) The term "fair market value" means the value of any oil, gas, or other mineral, or geothermal steam (1) computed at a unit price equivalent to the average unit price at which such mineral or geothermal steam was sold pursuant to a lease during the period for which any royalty or net profit share is accrued or reserved to the United States pursuant to such lease, or (2) if there were no such sales, or if the Secretary finds that there were an insufficient number of such sales to equitably determine such value, computed at the average unit price at which such mineral or geothermal steam was sold pursuant to other leases in the same region of the outer Continental Shelf during such period, or (3) if there were no sales of such mineral or geothermal steam from such region during such period, or if the Secretary findsthat there are an insufficient number of such sales to equitably determine such value, at an appropriate price determined by the Secretary; (p) The term "major Federal action" means any action or proposal by the Secretary which is subject to the provisions of section 102 (2) (C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C.4332(2)(C)); and

(a) The term "frontier area" means any area where there has been no development of oil and gas prior to October 1, 1975, and includes the outer Continental Shelf off Southern California, including the Santa Barbara Channel.

[SEC. 3. JURISDICTION OVER OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF.-(a) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf appertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction, control, and power of disposition as provided in this Act.

(b) This Act shall be construed in such manner that the character as high seas of the waters above the outer Continental Shelf and the right to navigation and fishing therein shall not be affected.]

SEC. 3. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF.-It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that

(1) the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf ap-pertain to the United States and are subject to its jurisdiction,. control, and power of disposition as provided in this Act;

(2) this Act shall be construed in such a manner that the character of the waters above the outer Continental Shelf as high seas and the right to navigation and fishing therein shall not be affected:

(3) the outer Continental Shelf is a vital national resource reserve held by the Federal Government for the public, which should be made available for orderly development, subject to environmental safeguards, in a manner which is consistent with the maintenance of competition and other national needs;

(4) since exploration, development, and production of the mineral resources and geothermal steam of the outer Continental Shelf will have significant impacts on coastal and noncoastal areas of the coastal States, and on other affected States, and, in recognition of the national interest in the effective management of the marine, coastal and human environments

(A) such States and their affected local governments may require assistance in protecting their coastal zones and other affected areas from any temporary or permanent adverse effects of such impacts; and

(B) such States, and through such States, affected local governments, are entitled to an opportunity to participate, to the extent consistent with the national interest, in the policy and planning decisions made by the Federal Government relating to exploration for, and development and production of, mineral resources and geothermal steam of the Outer Continental Shelf;

(5) the rights and responsibilities of all States and, where appropriate, local governments to preserve and protect their marine, human, and coastal environments through such means as regulation of land, air, and water uses, of safety, and of related development and activity should be considered and recognized; and

(6) operations on the outer Continental Shelf should be conducted in a safe manner by well-trained personnel using technology, precautions, and techniques sufficient to prevent or minimize the likelihood of blowouts, loss of well control, fires, spillages, physical obstruction to other users of the waters or subsoil and seabed, or other occurrences which may cause damage to the environment or to property, or endanger life or health.

SEC. 4. LAWS APPLICABLE TO OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF.-(a) (1) The Constitution and laws and civil and political jurisdiction of the United States are hereby extended to the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf and to all artificial islands [and fixed structures], and all installations and other devices permanently or temporarily attached to the seabed, which may be erected thereon for the purpose of exploring for, developing, [removing, and transporting resources therefrom], or producing resources therefrom, or any such installation or other device (other than a ship or vessel) for the purpose of transporting such resources, to the same extent as if the outer Continental Shelf were an area of exclusive Federal jurisdiction located within a State: Provided, however, That mineral leases on the outer Continental Shelf shall be maintained or issued only under the provisions of this Act.

(2) To the extent that they are applicable and not inconsistent with this Act or with other Federal laws and regulations of the Secretary now in effect or hereafter adopted, the civil and criminal laws of each adjacent State as of the effective date of this Act are hereby declared to be the law of the United States for that portion of the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf, and [artificial islands and fixed structures erected thereon,] those artificial islands, installations, and other devices referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection which would be within the area of the State if its boundaries were extended seaward to the outer margin of the outer Continental Shelf, and the President shall determine and publish in the Federal Register such projected lines extending seaward and defining each such area. All of such applicable laws shall be administered and enforced by the appropriate officers and courts of the United States. State taxation laws shall not apply to the outer Continental Shelf.

(3) The provisions of this section for adoption of State law as the law of the United States shall never be interpreted as a basis for claiming any interest in or jurisdiction on behalf of any State for any purpose over the seabed and subsoil of the outer Continental Shelf, or the property and natural resources thereof or the revenues there from. [(b) The United States district courts shall have original jurisdiction of cases and controversies arising out of or in connection with any operations conducted on the outer Continental Shelf for the purpose of exploring for, developing, removing or transporting by pipeline the natural resources, or involving rights to the natural resources of the subsoil and seabed of the outer Continental Shelf, and proceedings with respect to any such case or controversy may be instituted in the judicial district in which any defendant resides or may be found, or in the judicial district of the adjacent State nearest the place where the cause of action arose.]

[(c)] (b) With respect to disability or death of an employee resulting from any injury occurring as the result of operations described in subsection (b), compensation shall be payable under the provisions of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act. For the purposes of the extension of the provisions of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act under this section

(1) the term "employee" does not include a master or member of a crew of any vessel, or an officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof or of any State or foreign government, or of any political subdivision thereof;

(2) the term "employer" means an employer any of whose employees are employed in such operations; and

(3) the term "United States" when used in a geographical sense includes the outer Continental Shelf and artificial islands and fixed structures thereon.

[(d)] (c) For the purposes of the National Labor Relations Act, as amended, any unfair labor practice, as defined in such Act, occurring upon any artificial island or fixed structure referred to in subsection (a) shall be deemed to have occurred within the judicial district of the adjacent State nearest the place of location of such island or structure.], installation, or other device referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed to have occurred within the judicial district of the State, the laws of which apply to such artificial island, installation, or other device pursuant to such subsection, except that until the President determines the areas within which such State laws are applicable, the judicial district shall be that of the State nearest the place of location of such artificial island, installation, or other device.

[(e)] (d) (1) The [head] Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall have authority to promulgate and enforce such reasonable regulations with respect to lights and other warning devices, safety equipment, and other matters relating to the promotion of safety of life and property on [the islands and structures referred to in subsection (a)] the artificial islands, installations, and other devices referred to in subsection (a) or on the waters adjacent thereto, as he may deem necessary.