Then back to sea (CRABBE, The Borough 1.). When others were afloat and out at sea (SHERID. KNOWLES, Hunchb. 1, 1.).

Old-Engl.: Whan a man is an urthe ded (WRIGHT, Pop. Treat. p. 134.). Heo lette here men, þat were yslawe, faire on erpe bryng (R. OF GL. I 20.). Ne mai no lewed libben in londe (Polit. S. p. 155.). As I am kyng in land (Tows. M. p. 142.). Whoso wille go be londe (MAUNDEV. p 34.). po he to lond com (R or GL. I 16). Brouzte hem to lond (DEPOS. OF RICH. II. p. 30.). Aftre it smytt unto londe (MAUNDEV. p. 45.). We woll off lande flee (RICH. C. DE L. 1020.). And carieth over contre (DEPOS. OF RICH. II. p. 25.). Out of contry must thou fle (Town. M p 44.). To passen be desart (MAUNDEV. p. 42). Forclef al þat hed, & pe body anon to gronde (R. OF GL. I. 17.). To gronde caste I. 18.). He smot to gronde (I. 126.). To holde the more righte weye be see (MAUNDEV. p. 55.). Halfsax.: To kipenn itt onn eorpe (ORм. 632). To rotenn bufenn eorpe (8074.). pe deofell eggeþþ menn . . towarrd eorpe (11894.). Whær summ he wære o lande (3289.). On Italize com on londo LAZAM. I. 6). Idreuen out of londe (I. 13.). Wunede an londe (III. 11.). Ueollen to grunde (III 107.). Feol uppen uolde (II. 279.). pa kempen pe wio inne sæ wuneden (I. 212.). Stighenn upp o strande (ORM. 11155.). Since in Anglosaxon in general, the article is usually wanting with kindred substantive notions, prepositional members of this sort are uncommonly frequent: Hit nis vuhte gelic elles on eorðan (CAEDM. 679.). Sie be in eorðan lof (CRIST. 410. Grein). Ic âdreáh feala yrmoa ofer corðan (ANDR. 969.). Fugelas cyrrað.. eft tô earde (PHOENIX 352 Gr.). pà gesundrad väs lago við lande (CAEDM. 162.). Er þon ve to londe geliden häfdon (CRIST 858. Grein). He sceal segljan be lande (OROS. 1, 1.). Sŷ hit innan lande, sŷ bit of lande (LEGG. CNUT. I B. 75.). Ve men cveda on grunde (HYMN. 9. 38. Gr.). Me to grunde teáh (BEOV. 1106.). On vestene he fäste (S. GUTHL. 5.). Stôd his handgeveore somod on sande (CAEDM. 241.) Eóde he be strande (APOLLON. OF T. p. 7.). þâ hî on sund stigon (CAEDM. 324.). Ceólas lêton at sæfearoðe. on brime bidan (ELENE 250.). Svâ hvat svâ pu on se forlure (APOLLON. OF T. p. 19.).

Substantives denoting dwelling places and buildings, such as town, court, school, church, person &c. are likewise used without the article in narrower limits than formerly in prepositional members: When we lived in town (GOLDSM., She Stoops 1.). He ne'er takes me to town (SHERID. KnowLER, Hunchb. 1. 2.). What brings you here to court so hastily? (SHAKSP., John 1, 1.) He comes from court (COLER., Picc. 1, 4.). Richard Talbot. arrived at court (MACAUL., Hist of E. II. 282.). After he had been seven years at school (FIELD., J. Andr. 2, 17.). His being sent to school (LEWES, G. I. 24.). I'd send him out betimes to college (BYR., D. Juan 1, 52.). While the family is at church (LEWES, G. I. 18.). I shall hie to church with thee (SHERID. KNOWLES, Hunchb. 1, 2.). Bear me to prison (SHAKSP., Meas. for Meas. 1, 3). The act of putting and confining in prison (WEBST., V. imprisonnent). Let her out of prison (SHERID. KNOWLES, Hunchb. 5, 1.). Fast in dungeon shut (BUTL., Hud. 1, 3, 295.).

Old-Engl. While thi loverd is in toune (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 4.). Into toun his doughter sende (CHAUC., C. T. 4134.). Come to countene court couren (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 157.). To court went (ALIS.

774.). Men durre selde Here orf in howse awynter brynge (R. OF GL. I. 43.). Broute me to house (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 5.) Sche wol not dwelle in house (CHAUC., C. T. 5930.). Tho went Adam out of halle (GAMELYN 804.) Comen into halle (ALIR. 1783). Yn halle, yn bowre (HALLIW., Freemas. 696.). Yn chamber (765.). I sette hym to scole (P. PLOUGHм. p. 183.). I have had in scole such honour (CHAUC., C. T. 7768.). Dide me to chirche (P. PLOUGHм. p. 396.). To churche when thou dost fare (HALLIW., Freemas. 595). Chylder shuld be broght to kyrk (Town. M. p. 167.). To chirche . . ye hey (WRIGHT, Anecd p. 84.). Put him in prisoun (MAUNDEV. p. 37.). He shalle out of presoun pas (Town. M. p. 72.). To schippe faste drowe (R. of GL. I. 18.). To schippe is brought this.. mayde (CHAUC., C. T. 4736.). Come into ship fast (Town, M. p. 29). Halfsax.: Heo wuneden in burzen [Sing.] (Lazam. II. 34.). Fleu.. off tune (ORм. 19664.). Cumenn .. to tune (9160.). So ben . inn huse (2111.). pa seiden heo in halle (Lazam. I. 228.). Heo iseizen Belin king buzen ut of telde (I. 229.). To leornien in scole (I. 422.). Brohht to kirrke (Orm. 7790.). Of chircchen heo runge (LAZAM. II 609.) pa letten bringen pene king vt of quarcerne- (I. 43). Heo duden heo in quarterne (I. 160.). Weren on archen (I. 2) Into scipe lædde (I. 47.). Anglosax.: Beó þu gebletsod on byrig (DEUTER. 28, 3.). pa väs on healle heard ecg togen (BEOV. 2580.). Gevât.. ût of healle (1328.). He vas on hûse (MARC. 2, 1.). Vela vunað ät hûse (Ps. 111, 3.). Lergað innon bûre (APOLLON. OF T. p. 18.). Beó feovertig nihta on carcerne (LEGG. ELFR. B 1.). He hine pâ on everterne beheáfdode (MARC. 6, 28). On scip âstâh (APOLL. OF T. p. 5.). To scipe gevände (p. 6.).

.

Terms for objects within the house, like stairs, door, floor, table, beds &c. are mostly formally remaining as adverbs, as up-stairs, in-doors; out of doors, and the like. Who knocks so loud at door? (SHAKSP., II Henry IV. 2, 4.) Thou daily Knockest at doors (BYR., D. Juan 15, 8.). The.. mouse that creeps on floor (SHAKSP., Mids; N. Dr. 5, 1.). Their talk at table (Coriol. 4, 7.). To bed! (MACB. 5, 1.) I'll never go to bed (DOUGL JERROLD, Prison. of W. 1, 3.). I doubt if she is in bed yet (2, 1.).

Old-Engl.; Tuo goode staves at halle dore he brought (GAMELYN 492.). To bed he goth (CHAUC., C. T. 4151.). On bedde ne on flore (WRIGHT, Anecd. p 5.). Halfsax.: Att kirrkedure to brinngenn (ORM. 1327.). pat never ne ferde heo wio uten dore (LA3AM. I. 101.). Heo seten to borde (II. 201.). þær þez o bedde slepptenn (ORM 6495.). Aras of bedde (LAZAM. I. 286.). De king heo hafde to bedde (I. 408.). Anglosax.: Se pe bid on pecene (Luc. 17, 31.). Bodjað uppan hrôfum (MATH. 10, 27). Gang på after flôre (BEov. 2631.. Hvät me drihten god dêman ville fagum on flora (CAEDM. II. 109. Grein). Beforan dura (MARC. 11, 4.). On bedd gân (CAEDM. 2228.). Or bedde licgende (MATH 9, 2.). In ealobence (BEOV 2062.) and others.

Substantives denoting members of the body have likewise been preserved in a more limited measure in prepositional members in the proper or in a figurative sense: We will proclaim you out of hand (SHAKSP., III Henry VI. 4, 7.). Satan was now at hand (MILT., P. L. 2, 674.). That the tremendous Judgment was at hand (WARREN, Diary 2, 1.). How she will read off hand (SHERID., Riv. 2, 2.). With hat in hand (AD

DIS., Rosam. 1, 5). Who Dagger in hand, steals close to your bed-side (Cowp. p. 101.). Action may on foot be brought (SHAKSP., Henry V. 1, 2.). That tyrant.. boasted that his numerous cavalry would trample under foot the troops of his adversary (GIBBON, Decl. 20.); popular: You will find it at foot of his letter, and the like. I am almost out at heels (SHAKSP., Merry W. 1, 3.). Leaning on shoulder like a mace (BUTL., Hud. 1, 2, 1122.). As she walked over head (Love's L. L. 4, 3.). Why should you take his ignorance so much at heart? (DOUGL. JERROLD, Bubbles 1.) Know, get by heart and others.

:

Wit a

Old-Engl. He tok on honde this message (ALIS. 3125.). mikel cheigne in hand (ANTICRIST, publ. Morris 78.). Had I that lad in hand (Town. M. p. 142.). Esau is here at hand (p 47.). A strong leuour, þat hym acom at honde (R. OF GL I. 126.). þar sal he . . yeild up of hand His corun (ANTICR. 281.). Thus in armes he hem hent (TORRENT 2666.). Fil the knight upon knees (P. PLOUGHм. p. 374.). Crepe to the cros on knees (395.). Sche set hir doun on knees (CHAUC., C. T. 5058.). A kne to pe kyng hee seyde (R. oF GL. I. 117.). He rolleth under foot (CHAUC., C T. 2616.). That we seoth mid eze (WRIGHT Pop. Treat. p. 136.). Spake with mouthe (Tows M. p__280.). Halfsax.: Nom an honden (LAZAM. III. 239.). Hefde on hond (I. 11.). Wind heom stod an honde (II. 513). Alle heo eoden an honde (III. 159.). Toc.. onn hannd (Orм. 135.) Feperen he nom mid fingren (LAZAM. I. 3.). Himm toc bitwenenn arrmess (ORM. 7616.). Tredenn himm wipp fote (11946.). Moni heaued, moni houd, fallen to foten (Lazam. I. 25.). An horsen & an foten foro heo ifusten (I. 22.). Heo letten heom drazen vt oðer bi hondes oder bi fot (I. 434). We beo under fote (II. 497.). Fullen a enowe (I. 229. modern text). Fellenn dun o enowwess (ORм. 6467.). To lakenn Crist a cnewwess (7053.). pe sceld weiden on sculdre (LAZAM. II. 379,). Elc weiede an sculdre sceld swide stronge (III. 44). Ga, wiperr gast, o bacch fra me (ORM. 11389.). pa heng heo hire hæfued & heolde touward bræsten (II. 233.). Breid biforen breosten godne scele brade (II. 584.) Burne he warp

on rigge (I. 286.). Sette he an hefde ænne helm (II. 576.). Hafde his kine-helm. . on hefde (I. 345.). All patt tez haffdenn.. sezhenn wel wipp ezhne (ORM. 3414). pat ich [ic] mid azen iseo (LA3AM. I. 309.). Hco leiteden mid ezan (I. 80.). Mid muden heo seiden (I. 244.). Reosede on heorte (II. 105). Cwellenn himm wipp herrte (ORM. 4451). Lufesst Godd wipp herrte (14687.). Anglosax.: Nâmon hira hearpan on hand (Exod. 15, 20.). On hand âgàn [in ditionem] (OROS. 3, 11.). Leot Ceolrêd.. Vulfrêde to handa þät land (SAX. CHR. 852.). Hî sylfa god alŷsde.. lâðum of handa (Ps. 106, 2.). Gelæddon.. under hand häled hævenum deman (CAEDM. 3586.). Mid handum geræcan (II. 170). Við earm gesät, hleónade vid handa (II. 433.). pät hî mid earmum pe.. heoldan (Ps. 90, 11.). At fötum sät freán Scyldinga (BEOV. 1002.). Tô fôtum hnigon (CAEDM. II 535.). On eneóvum sæton (CAEDM. 3698.). Häfde feóvere fêt under vombe (GREIN, Ags Poes. II. 386.). þær me heord site hruse on hrycge (II. 370.). Berað linde forð, bord for breóstum (JUDITH 191. Grein). Him drihtnes väs bâm on breóstum byrnende lufu (CAEDM. 190.). Ne hafu ic in heafde, hvite loccas.. me vräolice veaxad on heafde, pät me on gescyldrum scînan môton ful vrätlice vundne loccas (CoD. Exon. 427, 28.). Him fore eágum onsŷne vearð aðeling ôðŷved (ANDR. 910.). Synna gehvær selfum at eagan. standed (Ps. 50. Cotton 43.). Mid earum onfôh.. min âgen gebed (Ps. 85, 5.). Hrân ät heortan (CAEDM.

721. cf. 823.). þe to heortan hearde grîpeð adl unlide (933.). Hvonne of heortan hunger odde vulf sâvle.. âbredge (2270). Čvædan on heortan (Ps. 73. 8.).

We must abandon any further enumeration of the categories of generic names which are added to verbal notions in prepositional members. How the language is pervaded by them is proved by numerous instances cited with the various prepositions.

b. With an adjective for the more particular determination of which a prepositional member is given, the article is absent from every substantive denoting, in a general way, the object in relation to which the quality is expressed. With abstract terms, as with names of materials, this is also readily intelligible. With names of kinds the prepositions of and in come particularly under consideration: Studious of home (YOUNG, N. Th. 5, 461.). Sick of home (TENNYS.p. 226.). Bold of cheer (SCOTT, Rokeby 2, 31.). Iron of limb (BYR., Siege 25.). Fleet of foot and tall of size (SCOTT, Hunt. Song). Poor of spirit (MACAUL., Hist. of E. IV. 21.). Genteel in figure (Cowp. p. 44.). Rough in form (BYR., Bride 2, 20.). Short in stature (DICKENS, M. Chuzzlew. 1, 3.). Highest in rank (MACAUL., Hist. of E. VII. 46.). Free in reality as in name (BULW., Rienzi 4, 2.). Sick at heart (ROGERS, It., For. Trav.).

Old-Engl.: Stedefast of mod (WRIGAT, Pop. Treat. p. 138.). So strong of honde (R. OF GL. I. 15.). Reed of heme (CHAUC., C. T, 460.). Ful big he was of braun (548.). Gentyll of blode (ALIS. 60.). Of body styffe and stronge (IPOM. 9.). Renable of tonge (P. PLOUGHM. p. 10.). Poore of herte (285.). So hende of mouthe (LAY LE EREINB 259.. Mery on sighte (SIR CLEGES 27.). Halfsax.: Swa hende of specche & of dede (Lazam. II. 510.). A wliten alre vairest (I. 124.). On vestme, fæir (II. 233.). Strang wipp hannd (ОRM. 3584.). Anglosax.: Vlitig on hive (GEN. 12, 1.). On bodige heáh (BEDA 3, 14.). c. If the prepositional member serves as the notional determination of a substantive with regard to its qualities, its contents, material, and so forth, the article is likewise omitted. Forasmuch as abstract substantives, names of materials, plurals of concrete substantives or substantives in combination with adjectives (of which we shall speak under . aa) come here particularly under consideration, this case needs in general no further discussion. It may be here called to mind that, where a substantive with of represents an appositive determination, the article may be absent, so far only as the notional or nominal predicate belonging to the preceding substantive is to be named: The name of king (SHAKSP., Temp. 1, 1.). The title of prince of the senate (GIBBON, Decl. 2.). See further on the Predicative Substantive.

. In the attributive relation the following cases are still to be particularly mentioned:

aa. An attributive adjective may support the omission of an article which would not otherwise be readily absent from the substantive. Poetry especially avails itself of this license.

Her mantle. Which lion vile with bloody mouth did stain

(SHAKSP., Mids. N. Dr. 5, 1.). Answerd. . with brandish'd tail (BUTL., Hud. 1, 924.). Setting conqu'ring foot upon His trunk (1, 2, 954). His pirates had foray'd on Scottish hill (SCOTT, Harold 1, 2.). In kirtle green array'd.. the maiden stray'd (2, 5.). In fair field Myself for such a face had boldly died (TENNYS. p. 154.). Brands of foreign blade and hilt (BYR., Bride 2, 8.). With gentle thumb Knock'd on his breast (1, 2, 974.). With naked foot, and sackcloth vest (SCOTT, L. Minstr. 6, 29.). Oh! dome displeasing unto British eye! (BYR., Ch. Har. 1, 24.) Oh valiant man! with sword drawn and cock'd trigger (BYRON, D. Juan 1, 150.). Expressions like: A cliff of immense height (Scott, Pirate 1.). Á building of rough stone (ib.) and the like, are familiar to prose. Compare also the omission of the article before proper names with an adjective (p. 148.), as well as with predicative substantives (p. 149.). A prepositional determination operates similarly with the substantive: Sweetest maid with vest of gold (TH. MOORE p. 43.).

In the ancient language this construction is also readily intellible. OldEngl. Ich willc geve the gift ful stark (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 8.). He was to senful man not despitous (CHAUC., C. T. 518.). To drawe folk to heven .. Be good ensample (521.). So cruel. . for jelous hert (2630.). Yarmed with haubert noble & riche (R. OF GL. I. 174.). The colde deth with mouth gapyng upright (CHAUC., C. T. 2010.). With flotery berd (2885.). Starf with dedly wounde (ALIS. 1627.). Comp. also: With helm of gold on ys heued (R. OF GL. I. 174.). Halfsax.: Ich habbe eow to suggen soo word of Rome (Lazam. II. 95. pis word wes isend bi write swide deore [leg. deorne] (JI. 92). Oxe gap o clofenn fot (ORм. 1224.), Gast iss all unnsezhennlic Biforenn flæshic [leg. flashlic] ezhe (17296.). That the substantive accompanied by the adjective also often appears in Anglosaxon without that article, hardly needs a remark: ponne onfêhd he êcum beáge (S. GUTHL. 1.). Häfdon .. langne sveoran (5.). Me forseoh pu cyrliscne man (APOLLON OF T. p. 7). Gæð seó sunne. âbutan þas eorðan mid brâdum ymbhyyrfte (BASIL, Hexam. 7.) and so on.

BB. A genitive serving to determine a substantive following it, from which, as a generic name, the article is not usually wanting, often occurs without the article: From mortal eye, or angel's purer ken (THOMS., Seas. 1, 15.). My only books Were woman's looks (TH. MOORE p. 247.). With dagger's hilt, on the wicket strong, He struck full loud (SCOTT, L. Minstr. 2. 2.). Such expressions as: 'Twas morning's winged dream (TH, MOORE p. 226.). Evening's matron hour (p. 103.) are in the same case as: Time's ungentle tide (BYR, Ch. Har. 1, 23.) Life's cup of pleasure (TH. MOORE p. 124.). Rapture's thrill (ib.) and the like, where the abstract or even personified notion does not require the article.

In ancient times the genitive without the article, even of concrete generic names, is nowise surprising, so much the less, if the indefinite article could be given to it. Old-Engl: Cristendam of prestes handes fonge (CHAUC., C. T. 4797.): yet also: Ther they dwellyd fourty dawes, For to lerne londes lawes (RICH. C. DE L. 629.). Halfsax.: Heore moder is kinge's istreon (LA3AM. II. 526.). Iff He prestess sune wære (ORM. 493.). Wollde himm Wipp swerdess egge cwellenn (6638.). Anglosax.: Hvâ väs æfre svâ dristiges môdes pät dorste cynges dohtor gevâmman? (APOLLON of T.