capacity, appropriateness, destination, being accustomed to anything, or the striving after anything, as well as the contrary, and which are mostly construed before nouns with the prepositions to, for, and the like, some also with of. It is to be understood that adjectives not in themselves expressing a tendency, serve in this very combination with the infinitive to express it.

..

They be almost ready to stone me (EXOD. 17, 14.). Having forgotten, as we are all too prone to do, the inner facts of Nature (CARL., Past a. Pres. 3, 3.). But apt the mind or fancy is to rove Uncheck'd (MILT., P. L. 8, 188). Ne'er was I able to endure contempt (COLER., Picc. 5, 5.). I shall not be fit to be seen (TAYLOR A. READE, Masks 1, 2.). Even such a sum he was unable to spare (MACAUL., H. of E. VII. 1.). A Bacon Unfit to stand the civil storm of state (THOMS., Summer). Intent to gaze Creation through (ib.). The craven-hearted world Is ever eager to accept a master (TALF., Ion. 4, 2.). The boy is ripe to look on war (SCOTT, L. Minstr. 4, 13.). Sagacious all, to trace the smallest game, and bold to seize the greatest (YOUNG, N. Th. 5, 976.). Wise to promote whatever end he means (Cowp. p. 98.). A spirit, zealous, as he seem'd, to know More of th'Almighty's works (MILT., P. L. 4, 565.). Invention, weak at first, Dull in design, and clumsy to perform (Cowp. p. 163.). All were swift to follow whom all lov'd (p. 191.). Slow to learn (p. 178.). Thou wert not wont to seem so stubborn (TALF., Ion 4, 3.). Unused to bend, impatient of control (THOMS., Liberty 4.). Being, as he said, very desirous to see his young lady (FIELD., T. Jon. 16, 3.). Mine eyes are hungry to behold her face (LONGF. II. 139.). Studious of song, And yet ambitious not to sing in vain (Cowp. p. 139.) and many more. Here also belongs free: Ye are free to be my foe (BULW., Rienzi 5, 3.), and like, likely, with which the notion of equality lies at the root of the further developments of the notion: Have we more sons? or are we like to have?

(SHAKSP., Rich. II. 5, 2.). A surgeon applied himself to dressing his wounds, which I had the pleasure to hear were not likely to be mortal (FIELD., T. Jon. 8, 13.). Participles like disposed, determined, accustomed, busied, born, made, armed or, if one will, the passives of dispose are analogously treated: She was deeply busied then To tend the wounded Deloraine (SCOTT, L. Minstr. 3, 22.). We were not born to sue, but to command (SHAKSP., Rich. II. 1, 1.). You are not made to sink down into a virtuoso (BULW., Maltrav. 2, 4.). Am I not arm'd by Heaven To execute its mandate? (TALF., Ion 4, 1.) What strange words Are these which call my senses from the death They were composed to welcome? (ib.) and the following.

For the infinitive with first and last see b.

The relation of the direction to anything is early transferred to adjectives, which meet with another preposition than to. Old-Engl.: Up he rigted him redi to deren (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 212.). A noble schyp.. Into Cyprys redy to fare (RICH. C. DE L. 623.). Thou make the yare To weynde thi way (Tows. M. p. 267.). Then were I

bowne craftely to cutt it (p. 239.). Ich am redy and i-boen To don al that thou saie (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 13.). Many a beggere for benes Burxum was to swynke (P. PLOUGHм. p. 128). That everi lording was bisi to sauve his owen lyf (WRIGHT, Polit. S. p. 342.). We ar alle thro His wille to do (Tows. M. p. 128.). [Thro answers to the Anglosaxon progen, validus, Old-norse prâr.] Be not negligent to kepe thy persone etc. (CHAUC., C. T. p. 158. I.). To fyghte, the Crystene wer ful swyffte (RICH. C. DE L 4473.). Hardy was he evere To suffren al that God sente (P. PLOUGHM. p. 413.). Be we nevere bolde The belle hym to schewe (p. 12.). The mirth that I was wonte to make (SIR CLEGES 112.). The more is he enclyned to falle in deedly synne (CHAUC., C. T. 192. I.). Thou art ibounden as a knight To helpe me (CHAUC., C. T. 1151.) and others. Sometimes the pure infinitive is found: As he was wonte done byfore hand (IPOMYDON 418.). That non so hardy were of dede After him neither go nor ride (Amis A. AMIL. 1048.). Halfsax.: Fus To follzhenn heore wille (ORM. 9065. cf. 16997). Ben bun. . To pewwtenn i þe temmple (52.). He warrp.. bun To libbenn i clænnesse (2495.). [Bun Old-Engl. bown, iboen, comp. Halfsax. ibon, ibone (Lazam. I. 264. II. 110. has arisen from the Old-norse participle búinn, ready, comp. bûa] He wes cniht swide ræh to ræden ane kinge (Lazam. I. 317.). Þe Peohtes weoren ofte iuuned Vortigerne to ouercumen (ÎI. 162.). Even here the pure infinitive sometimes stands: pat heo beon 3arewe sone mid pe uaren to Rome (LAZAM. II. 635.). pat hii beo redi sone mid pe fare to Rome (ib. modern text). More remarkable is the combination of till to in the meaning of for to: Forrpi wass he rihht rædiz till To wissenn himm (ORM. 16998,). In Anglosaxon a wide scope is conceded to the infinitive with to with adjectives of this kind: He bende his bogan se is nu gearo tô sceitanne (Ps. 7, 13.). Ve syndon gearve to gevinnenne pat land (NUM. 14, 40.). Væron äelingas eft tô leodum füse tô farenne (BEOV. 3612.). Væron hŷ reóve tô ræsanne gîfrum grâpum (COD. EXON. 126, 26). þu eart meahtum svið niðas tó nerganne (185, 10.). Heora fêt beôd svide hrave blôt tô âgeótanne (Ps. 13, 6.). Sum bio list-hendig tô âvritanne vord-gerŷnu (CoĎ. Exos. 299, 1.). Yet the pure infinitive also stands: Hù være pu dyrstig ofstikjan bâr? (THORPE, Anal. p. 105.). Comp. Goth. Mahteigs. . ufarassjan (2 Cor 9, 8).

as

c. The idea of a tendency to the activity denoted by the infinitive with to is not to be applied to a number of adjectives, certain, sure, worthy, content, happy, tired, and others, expressing an emotion, although they sometimes border hard on adjectives of the above series. Adjectives and participles denoting emotions are treated analogously to the verbs cited at p. 27. An object with of is mostly subjoined to them.

Ere ye come there, be sure to hear some news (SHAKSP., III Henry VI. 5, 5.). Whose shoes I am not worthy to bear (MATTH. 3, 11.). As a sacrifice Glad to be offered, he attends the will Of his great Father (MILT., P. L. 3, 269.). I am not glad to see you here (DOUGL. JERROLD, Prison. of W. 1, 1). I am happy, rejoiced to see you (1, 2.). I am merrier to die, than thou art to live (SHAKSP., Cymb. 5, 4.). I grow weary to behold The selfish and the strong still tyrannize (SHELLEY I. 157.). I am very loath to be your idol, sir (SHAKSP., Two Gentlem. 4, 2.). As bashful, yet impatient to be seen (Cowp. p. 171.). He was afraid to look upon God (ExOD. 3, 6.). To beg I am ashamed (LUKE 16, 3.). Hopeless to circumvent us join'd (MILT., P. L. 9,

259.). Fearless to be overmatch'd by living might (2, 850.). Here also belong passive forms as: pleased, delighted, comforted, concerned: He is pleased to grant it (TALF., Ion. 4, 2.). I am delighted to hear it (BOURCIC., Lond. Assur. 3.). I am comforted to find your strength is not impaired (CHATHAM., Lett. 23.). I am extremely concerned to hear that you have been ill (12.). Grieved to condemn, the muse must still be just (BYR. p. 316.). Old-Engl.: I am sekir this mayde to wynne (IPOM. 1878.). Thou weore worthy to be honged and drawe (ALIS. 1723.). Fast and loth to zeve his god (WRIGHT, Pop. Treat. p. 138.). Therfore icham aferd to fight (AMIS A. AMIL. 941.). Suche thinges as he nought can, he schal not ben aschamed to lerne hem (CHACC., C. T. p. 153. I). I was ashamed so to here hym prate (SKELTON I. 44.). The pure infinitive meets us even here: But sayden he was worthy have his lif (CHAUC., C. T. 6627.). Richard was loth withdrawe hys hand, Tyl he hadde wunnen the Holy Land (RICH. C. DE L. 6303.). In the older period of the language I have found few instances. Halfsax.: pat Uortiger weoren wurde to walden pas peode (LAZAM. II. 157.). päs gescŷ neom ic vyrde tô berenne (MATH. 3, 11.).

In Modern-English in the cases cited the subject of the infinitive is the same substantive notion to which the adjective belongs; in the older language, as in the case cited under c., the deviation occurs that the infinitive supposes another subject or the activity in an abstract manner, so that the active is also put instead of the passive infinitive now in use. Old-Engl.: And were wele worth to drawe (AMIS A AMIL. 2045.) that is to quarter = to be quartered. He was worthi to prayse (SEUYN SAGES 2823.). Anglosax.: peáh he his vyrde ne sîe tô âlætenne päs fela he me lâdes spräc (CAEDM. 618.). Thus with the Latin dignus the supine in -u stands, as with other adjective notions considered under c.

c. With a number of adjectives, as easy, hard, important, necessary, beautiful, agreeable, disagreeable, new, and others with which an activity is to be added, with regard to or for which the quality takes place, the infinitive of the active with to is used in the meaning of the Latin supine, in -u, which may in part interchange with the gerund accompanied by ad. The activity taken abstractedly does not have its subject in the object to which the adjective belongs.

He will answer to the purpose easy things to understand (TenNYS. p. 272). In chase of terms Though apt, yet coy, and difficult to win (Cowr. p. 192.). Comedy seems so troublesome to write (TAYLOR A. READE Masks 2.). I want to speak to you about something that is important and necessary to mention (TROLLOPE, Framl. Parson. 1, 13.). Is my apparel sumptuous to behold? (SHAKSP., II Henry VI. 4, 7.). For wonderful indeed are all his works, Pleasant to know (MILT., P. L. 3, 702.), This garden, planted with the trees of God, Delectable both to behold and taste (7, 538.). But strange Hath been the cause, and wonderful to hear (9, 862.). So pure a strain, So pure to feel, so sweet to hear (TH. MOORE p. 176.). O sight of terror, foul and ugly to behold, Horrid to think, how horrible to feel! (MILT., P. L. 11, 463.). Conjurations horrible to hear (RowE, Jane Sh. 4, 1.). By word and by spell, Deadly to hear, and deadly to tell (SCOTT, L.

Minstr. 1, 1.). Elsie! the words that thou hast said Are strange and new for us to hear (LONGF. II. 37.).

Alongside of this the modern tongue has also given space to the passive infinitive annexed to the substantive notion belonging to the adjective, as subject of the activity undergone: A softer train Of mix'd emotions, hard to be described, Her sudden bosom seized (THOMS., Summer). Three qualities difficult to be found in princely natures (FIELD.) and others.

As in Latin the supines auditu, cognitu, dictu, memoratu, factu and some others, are most frequently found after such adjectives as facilis, difficilis, jucundus, honestus, turpis, nefas and others, so even here infinitives corresponding in meaning to those supines frequently return. The ancient tongue selects the infinitive of the active. Old-Engl.: In al that lond n'as ther non y-hold. So semly on to se (AMIS A. AMIL. 425.). Wote ye not that I am Pylate, perles to behold (Town. M. p. 203.). Ful pitous to beholde (CHAUC., C. T. 1920.). Of stubbes scharpe and hidous to byholde (1980.). His eyen holwe, grisly to biholde (1365.). An eddere righte hidous to see (MAUNDEV. p. 27.). That it be lore laweffull, and lusty to here (DEPOS. OF RICH. II. p. 3.). The grete roches, that ben stronge and dangerouse to passen by (MAUNDEV. p. 46.). Fulle mervelous to neven (Town. M. p 20.). Halfsax.: Jatt wass Crist full æp to don (ORM. 16186.), patt wwre himm lihht to forpenn (15181.) Anglosaxon proceeds correspondingly: Heó (sc. seó hurh) väs svide fäger on tô lôcjanne (OROs. in Ettm. 7, 35.). pâ sæ þe ær väs smylte vedere gläshlutru on to seónne (BOETH 6.) Heó gladu være on tô lócjanne (ib.). He bio pâm yflum egeslic and grimlic to geseónne (COD. Exos. 57, 15.). pâs vord sind lustbare tô gehýrenne (A -S. HOMIL. I. 130.). Hit vearð siððan vered to drincanne (ExOE. 15, 25.). pät väs pam veorode veor tô gepoligenne (ANDR. 1659.). pät väs satane sâr tổ gepoljenne (1689.). pät treov väs gôd tô etanne (GEN. 3, 6.). Elces cynnes treov fäger on gesihoe, and tô brucenne vynsum (GEN. 2, 9.). The pure infinitive also occurs: Seón vrätlic (BEOv. 3304.). In French the infinitive of the active with à essentially corresponded.

5. The prepositional infinitive combines with the substantive in various respects.

a. Its employment in the meaning of a genitive of the Latin gerund is very familiar, which approaches the gerund with ad, particularly after abstract substantives, among them also determinations of time.

Some falls are means the happier to arise (SHAKSP., Cymb. 4, 2.). I'll give thee scope to beat (Rich II. 3, 3.). I have no ambition To see a goodlier man (Temp. 1, 2.). I have great reasons to suspect All the professions you can make to me (SouTHERN, Oroon. 2, 1.). He. sent her far, far off, Far from my hopes ever to see her more (ib.). How have you the conscience to tell me such a thing to my face? (3, 1.). Give me your promise to love and to marry her directly (SHERID., Riv. 2, 1.). The villain has the impudence to have views of following his trade as a tailor (GAY, Begg. Op. 1, 1.). Two cities of Assyria had the presumption to resist the Roman arms (GIBBON, Decl. 16.). These caitiff nobles have neither the courage to be great, nor the wisdom to be honest (BULW., Rienzi 2, 1.). To him they owe Skill to direct, and strength to strike the blow (Cowp. p. 10.). I

have the wish, but want the will to act (LONGF. I. 150.). Yet what avail these vain attempts to please! (BYR. p. 321.) I have need to be alone awhile (TAYLOR a. Reade, Masks 2.). "I have the best right to ask." "But the worst right to be answered.” (ib.) He had some reluctance to obey the summons (SCOTT, Ivanh. 10.). His trembling hand had lost the ease, Which marks security to please (SCOTT, L. Minstr. Introd.). I have the pleasure to acquaint you with the glad tidings of Hayes (CHATH., Lett. 21.). I have the honour to drink your health (Coop., Spy 1.). She ordered supper to be hastened, that she might have the more leisure after it to finish the few affairs which remained to her in this world (HUME, H. of E. 42.). This is no time to bleed (SHAKSP., Rich. II, 1. 1.). Now is the time. . To do thy part (TALF., Jon. 4, 2.). This.. is scarcely the hour thus publicly to confer with Rienzi (BULW., Rienzi 2, 8.). The substantives belonging thither may in general be construed with a case of the object accompanied by of, but in part also by other prepositions. The infinitive comprises therefore a multiplicity of internal combinations of a substantive notion with a notion of the activity, so that the former is more closely determined by or immediately referred to the latter.

This construction is founded upon old custom; Romance infinitives have conformed to it. Old-Engl.: The same to set leve thu hasse (WRIGHT A. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I. 195.). For hope To have me at wille (P. PLOUGHM. p. 55.). He saide that Ammon was of powere To kepe here fro comburment (ALIS. 471.). To wite his estre, and his beyng, Grete wille had Porus (5468.). To maken menis his him ned (WRIGHT, Anecd. p. 6.). He was in poynt to for-doun hymselve (WRIGHT a. HALLIW., Rel. Ant. I 61). Thu yf us grace.. to servyn the (I. 63.). Dat he geve us mihte and strenge to forletene pesternesse, and to folyie brictnesse (I. 132.). Everych of us hath matere and occasioun to be tempted of the norischyng of synne (CHAUC., C. T p. 191. II.). With sad purpos to schryve him (p. 186. I). To fyghte I hove gret delyght (RICH. C. DE L. 3111.). And bad non have the rage Theo water to passe of Estrage (ALIS. 4336). But he have good seuerans to dwelle seven şer with hym (HALLIW, Freemas. 121.). That is the manere to do reverence to the Soudanne (MAUNDEV. p. 40.). Apon the holyday ze mowe wel take leyser y-nowgh loveday to make (HALLIW., Freemas 315.). Cryst-zeve yow bothe wytte and space wel[s] thys boke to conne and rede (789.). Now is theo tyme hit to done (ALIS. 7598.). Halfsax.: pe king heom zef leoue penne to live (LAZAM. II. 286.). Heo ferden mid pan crafte to lokien in þan leofte, to lokien in þan steorren (II. 598.). God witt and mahht to spekenn wel (ORM. 16056). Wipp mikell lusst to lernenn (16993.). Niss nan time inn oper lif.. To takenn wipp pe wake leod (2707.). Anglosax.: pät ge syddan leafe habbon to biegeanne pät pät ge vyllao (GEN. 32. 34.). Ic häbbe geveald micel to gyrvanne gôdlêcran stôl (CAEDM. 280.). Ic häbbe anveald mine sâvle to alætanne (JOH. 10. 18.). Nis me vihte pearf heárran tô habbanne (CAEDM. 278.). Eal svâ ûs neód is gelôme tô dônne (LEGG. ETHELR. IV. 34.). The prepositional infinitive also stands with notions of time: Mæl is me to feran (BEov. 637.). The Gothic precedes with the infinitive with du: Til du vrohjan, Opportunity to sue (Luc. 6, 7.) Mel du bairan, Xpovos TOD TEXEL (LUC 1, 57.) and others. Sometimes the pure infinitive stands: Valdufni aih ushramjan puk jah valdufni aih fraletan þuk (Joн. 19, 10.). In Old-English the infinitive

-