Statibus," in one book. 5. "De Sacerdotum luxuriis," in one book. 6. "Contra Artistas," in one book. 7. “De Divite et Lazaro." 8. "Epistolæ ad diversos," in one book. 9. "Sermones Synodales," in one book. 10. A Book of Poems; and, 11. A volume of tragedies and comedies in English, the existence of which is doubtful. His other poems are in monkish Latin hexameters. He died about 1310, and was buried at Nottingham. '

BASTWICK (DR. JOHN), an English physician of the last century, has acquired some celebrity, more from the punishment he suffered for writing, than for the merit of what he has written. He was born at Writtle in Essex, 1593, and studied at Emanuel college, Cambridge, but leaving the university without a degree, he travelled for nine years, and was made doctor of physic at Padua. He printed at Leyden, 1624, a small piece entitled "Elenchus Religionis Papistica, in quo probatur neque Apostolicam, neque Catholicam, imo neque Romanam esse," 24mo. Afterwards, in England, he published " Flagellum Pontificis et Episcoporum latialium;" and though he declared, in the preface, that he intended nothing against such bishops as acknowledged their authority from kings and emperors; yet our English prelates imagining that some things in his book were levelled at them, he was cited before the high commission court, fined 1000l. and sentenced to be excommunicated, to be debarred the practice of physic, to have his book burnt, to pay costs of suit, and to remain in prison till he made a recantation. Accordingly he was confined two years in the Gate-house, where he wrote "Apologeticus ad Præsules Anglicanos," &c. and a book called "The New Litany," in which he taxed the bishops with an inclination to popery, and exclaimed against the severity and injustice of the high-commission's proceedings against him. For this he was sentenced to pay a fine of 5000l. to stand in the pillory in the Palace Yard, Westminster, and there lose his ears, and to suffer perpetual imprisonment in a remote part of the kingdom. The same sentence was, the same year, 1637, passed and executed upon Prynne and Burton. Bastwick was conveyed to Launceston castle in Cornwall, and thence removed to St. Mary's castle in the Isle of Scilly, where his nearest relations were not permitted to visit him. The house of commons, however, in 1 Biog. Brit.-Winstanley and Jacob.-Warton's Hist. of Poetry, vol. I. p. 232.-Bale and Pits.- Leland.-Saxii Onomasticon,

1640, ordered him, as well as the others, to be brought back to London; and they were attended all the way thither by vast multitudes of people, with loud acclamations of joy. The several proceedings against them were voted illegal, unjust, and against the liberty of the subject; their sentence reversed; their fine remitted; and a reparation of 5000l. each ordered out of the estates of the archbishop of Canterbury, the high-commissioners, and other lords, who had voted against them in the star-chamber.

Bastwick was alive in 1648, but when he died is uncertain. He appears to have been one of those turbulent lovers of popularity, who lose their fame by endeavouring to carry the principles of liberty into practice. He evidently quarrelled with the leaders of some of the parties which arose out of the convulsions of the times, and was suffered to depart in obscurity. This is evident from the titles of the pamphlets he published, besides those above-mentioned, which were, 1. "Independency not God's Ordinance;" to which H. Burton wrote an answer under this title: "Vindicia Veritatis; truth vindicated against calumny. In a brief answer to Dr. Bastwick's two late books, entitled 'Independency not God's Ordinance,'" Lond. 1645, 4to. 2. "The utter routing of the whole army of all the Independents and Sectaries, with the total overthrow of their monarchy." 3. "Defence of Himself against Lilburn."1

BATE (GEORGE), an eminent physician, was born at Maid's Morton near Buckingham, 1608. At fourteen years of age he became one of the clerks of New college, in Oxford; from whence he was removed to Queen's college, and afterwards to St. Edmund's hall. When he had taken the degrees of bachelor and M. A. he entered on the study of physic; and having taken a bachelor's degree in that faculty in 1629, he obtained a licence, and for some years practised in and about Oxford, chiefly amongst the Puritans, who at that time considered him as one of their party. In 1637 he took his degree of doctor in physic, and became so eminent in his profession, that when king Charles kept his court at Oxford, he was his principal physician. When the king's affairs declined, Dr. Bate removed to London, where he accommodated himself so well to the times, that he became physician to the Charterhouse, fellow of the college of physicians, and afterwards

1 Biog. Brit.

principal physician to Oliver Cromwell, whom he is said to have highly flattered. Upon the restoration he got into favour with the royal party, was made principal physician to the king, and fellow of the royal society; and this, we are told, was owing to a report raised on very slender foundation, and asserted only by his friends, that he gave the protector a dose which hastened his death. He died at his house in Hatton-garden, April 19, 1668, and not 1669, as in the Biog. Brit.; and was buried at Kingstonupon-Thames.

His principal work is an account of the rebellion, with a narrative of the regal and parliamentary privileges, printed under the title of Elenchus Motuum nuperorum in Anglia, simul ac Juris Regis et Parliamentarii brevis narratio," Paris, 1649, and Frankfort, 1650, 4to. Before it went to the press, it was communicated to Dr. Peter Heyiyn, who made several observations on it, greatly tending to the honour of the king and the church. The first part of the Elenchus was translated into English by an unknown hand, and printed at London in 1652, in 8vo. The second part, in which the author had the assistance of some papers communicated to him by the lord-chancellor Hyde, afterwards earl of Clarendon, was printed in Latin at London in 1661, at Amsterdam the year following in 8vo, and reprinted with the first part at London in 1663, in 8vo. With such assistance this may be supposed an impartial work; but he has been accused of leaning too much to the Puritans, among whom he appears to have lived much in the early part of his life. In 1676, a third part was added to the "Elenchus," also in Latin, by Dr. Thomas Skinner, a physician, but is inferior to the former. In 1685, the whole was translated by A. Lovel, M. A. of Cambridge. The only answer to Dr. Bate's work, entitled "Elenchus Elenchi, was written by Robert Pugh, an officer in the king's army, and printed at Paris in 1664, 8vo, to which Bate replied; but we do not find that his reply was published. Dr. Bate wrote likewise, 1. "The Royal Apology; or, the declaration of the Commons in parliament, Feb. 11, 1647," 1648, 4to. 2. "De Rachitide, sive morbo puerili, qui vulgo the Rickets dicitur," Lond. 1650, 8vo. Mr. Wood tells us, the doctor was assisted in this work by Francis Glisson and Ahasuerus Regemorter, doctors of physic, and fellows of the college of physicians, and that it was afterwards translated into English by Philip Armin, and printed at London, VOL. IV.

K

1651, 8vo; and about the same time translated by Nicolas Culpepper, who styles himself student in physic and astrology.' 3. After Dr. Bate's death came out a dispensatory in Latin, entitled "Pharmacopoeia Bateana; in qua octoginta circiter pharmaca pleraque omnia è praxi Georgii Batei regi Carolo 2do proto-medici excerpta," Lond. 1688 and 1691. It was published by Mr. James Shipton, apothecary, and translated into English by Dr. William Salmon, under the title of "Bate's Dispensatory," and was long a very popular work.-There was another GEORGE BATE, who wrote the "Lives of the Regicides," London, 1661, 8vo.1

BATE, in Latin BATUS (JOHN), prior of the monastery of Carmelites at York in the fifteenth century, was born in Northumberland, and educated at York in the study of the liberal arts, in which he was much encouraged by the favour of some persons his patrons, who were at the expence of sending him to Oxford, to finish his studies in that university. Bate abundantly answered the hopes conceived of him, and became an eminent philosopher and divine, and particularly remarkable for his skill in the Greek tongue. He took the degree of D. D. at Oxford, and afterwards distinguished himself as an author. The Carmelites of York were so sensible of his merit, that, upon a vacancy, they offered him the government of their house, which he accepted, and discharged that office with great prudence and success. He died the 26th of January 1429, in the beginning of the reign of Henry VI. Bale, who cannot refuse him the character of a learned man, asserts that he adulterated the word of God with false doctrines, to support the blasphemies of antichrist, and defiled his own. writings with the filth of Paganism. These writings, as enumerated by Leland, Bale, and Pits, consist of the following treatises, 1. "On the construction of the Parts of Speech." 2." On Porphyry's Universalia." 3. "On Aristotle's Predicaments." 4. "On Poretanus's Six Principles." 5." Questions concerning the Soul." 6. " Of the Assumption of the Virgin." 7. "An introduction to the Sentences." 8. "The praise of Divinity." 9. "A compendium of Logic." 10. "An address to the clergy of Oxford." 11. Synodical conferences." 12. "Determinations on several questions." 13. "A course of

1 Biog. Brit.-Ath. Ox. vol. II.—Peck's Desiderata, vol. II.

Sermons for the whole year." 14. "A preface to the

Bible."

BATE (JULIUS), an English divine of the Hutchinsonian principles, was a younger son of the Rev. Richard Bate, vicar of Chilham and rector of Warehorn, who died in 1736. He was born about 1711, and matriculated at St. John's college, Cambridge, where he took his degrees, of B. A. 1730, and M. A. 1742. He was an intimate friend of the celebrated Hutchinson, as we learn from Mr. Spearman's life of that remarkable author), by whose recommendation he obtained from Charles duke of Somerset a presentation to the living of Sutton in Sussex, near his seat at Petworth. Mr. Bate attended Hutchinson in his last illness (1737), and was by him in a most striking manner recommended to the protection of an intimate friend, "with a strict charge not to suffer his labours to become useless by neglect." It having been reported that Hutchinson had recanted the publication of his writings to Dr. Mead a little before his death; that circumstance was flatly contradicted by a letter from Mr. Bate, dated Arundel, January 20, 1759. He died at Arundel, April 7, 1771. His evangelical principles of religion shone with a steady lustre, not only in his writings, but in his life. Disinterested, and disdaining the mean arts of ambition, he was contented with the small preferment he had in the church. As a Christian and a friend, he was humble and pious, tender, affectionate, and faithful; as a writer, warm, strenuous, and undaunted, in asserting the truth.

His publications were, 1. "The Examiner examined, &c. (against Calcott) with some observations upon the Hebrew Grammar," 1739. 2. "An essay towards explaining the third chapter of Genesis, in answer to Mr. Warburton," 1741, 8vo. Warburton, in his "Divine Legation," 1740, preface, accuses "one Julius Bate," in conjunction with "one Romaine," of betraying private conversation, and writing fictitious letters. 3. "The philosophical principles of Moses asserted and defended against the misrepresentations of Mr. David Jennings," 1744, 8vo. 4. "Remarks upon Mr. Warburton's remarks, shewing that the ancients knew there was a future state, and that the Jews were not under an equal Providence," 1745, 8vo. 5. "The faith of the ancient Jews in the law of Moses and the evidence

Tanner.-Biog. Brit.