of the types, vindicated in a letter to Dr. Stebbing," 1747, 8vo. 6. "Proposals for printing Hutchinson's works," 1748. 7. "A defence of Mr. Hutchinson's plan," 1748. 8. "An Hebrew Grammar, formed on the usage of words. by the inspired writers," 1750, 8vo. 9. "The use and intent of Prophecy, and history of the Fall cleared," 1750, 8vo, occasioned by Middleton's examination of Sherlock. 10. "A defence of Mr. Hutchinson's tenets

against Berington," 1751. 11. "The scripture meaning of Elohim and Berith," 1751. 12. "Micah v. 2. and Matthew ii. 6. reconciled, with some remarks on Dr. Hunt's Latin writings." 13. "The blessing of Judah by Jacob considered; and the era of Daniel's weeks ascertained, in two dissertations," 1753, 8vo. 14. "An Inquiry into the original Similitudes, &c. in the Old and New Testament," &c. no date, but about 1754. 15. "The integrity of the Hebrew text, and many passages of Scripture vindicated from the objections and misconstructions of Mr. Kennicott," 1755, 8vo. 16. "A reply to Dr. Sharp's review and defence of his dissertations on the scripture meaning of Berith. With an appendix in answer to the doctor's discourse on Cherubim, part I." 1755, and a second part in 1756, 8vo. 17. "Remarks upon Dr. Benson's sermon on the gospel method of Justification," 1758, 8vo. 18. "Critica Hebræa, or a Hebrew-English Dictionary without points," 1767, 4to, his greatest effort in favour of Hutchinsonian divinity, philosophy, and criticism. After his death was published, "A new and literal translation from the original Hebrew of the pentateuch of Moses, and of the historical books of the Old Testament, to the end of the second book of Kings, with notes critical and explanatory," 1773, 4to.1

BATE (JAMES), elder brother of the preceding, was born at Bocton Malherb in Kent in 1703, and after being educated at the king's school at Canterbury, was admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, under the tuition of Mr. Denne, July 4, 1720. He proceeded A. B. in 1723, and was pre-elected fellow soon after; but an offer being made him, in the mean time, of a fellowship in St. John's college, by the bishop of Ely, he chose rather to accept of that than to wait for a vacancy in the other. He commenced A. M. in 1727, became moderator of the university in 1730, one of their taxors the year following,

1 Nichols's Bowyer, vol. III. 8vo.

and after distinguishing himself for his skill in the Hebrew language, was recommended to the right honourable Horatio Walpole, whom he attended as chaplain in his embassy to Paris. After his return home he became possessed of the rectory of St. Paul's, Deptford, June 23, 1731. He died in 1775. He published, 1. "An address to his parishioners on the Rebellion in 1745." 2. "Infidelity scourged, or Christianity vindicated against Chubb, &c." 1746, 8vo. 3. "An essay towards a rationale of the literal doctrine of Original Sin, &c." occasioned by some of Dr. Middleton's writings, 1752, 8vo. 4. "A second edition of the Rationale, &c." 1766, in the preface to which he laments that "it was his hard fate, in his younger years, to serve one of our ambassadors as his chaplain at a foreign court.' He published also a few occasional ser

BATECUMBE, or BADECOMBE (WILLIAM), an eminent mathematician, is supposed by Pits to have flourished about 1420. He studied at Oxford, where he applied himself to natural philosophy in general, but chiefly to the mathematics, in which he made a very great proficiency, as is evident by his writings in that science, which introduced him to the acquaintance and intimacy of the greatest men of his time. It is not known when he died. He wrote, 1. "De Sphæræ concave fabrica et usu;" which Bale saw in the library of Dr. Robert Recorde, a learned physician. 2. "De Sphæra solida." 3. "De operatione Astrolabii." 4. Conclusiones Sophiæ."

BATEMAN (WILLIAM), bishop of Norwich in the fourteenth century, and founder of Trinity hall in Cambridge, was born at Norwich, the son of a citizen of good repute in that place. He was, from his tenderest years, of a docile and ingenuous disposition, and having made good proficiency in learning, he was sent to the university of Cambridge. There he particularly studied the civil law, in which he took the degree of doctor before he was thirty years of age, a thing then uncommon. On the 8th of December 1328, he was collated to the archdeaconry of Norwich. Soon after this, he went and studied at Rome, for his further improvement; and so distinguished himself by his knowledge and exemplary behaviour, that he was promoted by the pope to the place of auditor of his palace.

1 Nichols's Bowyer, vol. III. 8vo.--Masters's Hist. of C. C. C. C. Biog. Brit.-Tanner Bibl.

He was likewise advanced by him to the deanery of Lincoln, and twice sent by him as his nuncio, to endeavour to procure a peace between Edward III. king of England, and the king of France. Upon the death of Anthony de Beck, bishop of Norwich, the pope conferred that bishopric upon Bateman, on the 23d of January 1343, after which he returned into his native country, and lived in a generous and hospitable manner. Of pope Clement VI. he obtained for himself and successors, the first fruits of all vacant livings within his diocese; which occasioned frequent disputes between himself and his clergy. In 1347, he founded Trinity-hall in Cambridge, for the study of the civil and canon laws, by purchasing certain tenements from the monks of Ely, for which he gave some rectories in exchange, and converted the premises into a hall, dedicated to the holy Trinity. He endowed it with the rectories of Briston, Kymberley, Brimmingham, Woodalling, Cowling, and Stalling, in the diocese of Norwich: and designed that it should consist of a master, twenty fellows, and three scholars; to study the canon and civil iaw, with an allowance for one divine. But being prevented by death, he left provision only for a master, three fellows, and two scholars. However, by the munificence of subsequent benefactors, it now maintains a master, twelve fellows, and fourteen scholars. Bishop Bateman, from his abilities and address, was often employed by the king and parliament in affairs of the highest importance; and particularly was at the head of several embassies, on purpose to determine the differences between the crowns of England and France. In 1354, he was, by order of parliament, dispatched to the court of Rome, with Henry duke of Lancaster, and others, to treat (in the pope's presence) of a peace, then in agitation between the two crowns above mentioned. This journey proved fatal to him; for he died at Avignon, where the pope then resided, on the 6th of January 1354-5, and was buried with great solemnity, in the cathedral church of that city. With regard to his person, we are told that he was of an agreeable countenance; and tall, handsome, and well made. He was, likewise, a man of strict justice and piety, punctual in the discharge of his duty, and of a friendly and compassionate disposition. But he was a stout defender of his rights, and would not suffer himself to be injured, or imposed upon, by any one, of which we have the following instance upon record,

which perhaps does not more display his resolution than the abject state into which the king and his nobles were reduced by the usurped powers of the church of Rome: Robert lord Morley having killed some deer in his parks, and misused his servants, he made him do public penance for the same, by walking uncovered and barefoot, with a wax taper of six pounds in his hands, through the city of Norwich to the cathedral, and then asking his pardon. And all this was done notwithstanding an express order of the king to the contrary, and though his majesty had seized the bishop's revenues for his obstinacy. But the king was soon after reconciled to him. It remains to be mentioned that bishop Bateman was executor to Edmund Gonville, the founder of the college so called, which gave rise to the report by Godwin and others that he had founded that college or hall, which is evidently a mistake.

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BATES (WILLIAM), an eminent nonconformist divine of the seventeenth century, was born in November 1625, and after a suitable school education, was sent to Cambridge, where he was admitted of Emanuel college, from which he removed to King's, in 1644. He commenced bachelor of arts in 1647, and applying himself to the study of divinity, became a distinguished preacher among the Presbyterians. He was afterwards appointed vicar of St. Dunstan's in the West, London; and joined with several other divines in preaching a morning exercise at Cripplegate church. At this exercise Dr. Tillotson preached, in September 1661, the first sermon which was printed by him. Upon the restoration of Charles II. Mr. Bates was made one of his majesty's chaplains; and, in the November following, was admitted to the degree of doctor in divinity in the university of Cambridge, by royal mandate. The king's letter to this purpose was dated on the 9th of that month. About the same time, he was offered the deanery of Lichfield and Coventry, which he refused; and it is said that he might afterwards have been raised to any bishopric in the kingdom, if he would have conformed to the established church. Dr. Bates was one of the commissioners at the Savoy conference in 1660, for reviewing the public liturgy, and was concerned in drawing

1 Biog. Brit.-Peck's Desiderata, vol. II. and Memoirs of Cromwell, Collections, p. 1.-Wharton's Anglia Sacra.

up the exceptions against the Common Prayer. He was, likewise, chosen on the part of the Presbyterian ministers, together with Dr. Jacomb and Mr. Baxter, to manage the dispute with Dr. Pearson, afterwards bishop of Chester, Dr. Gunning, afterwards bishop of Ely, and Dr. Sparrow, afterwards bishop of Ely. In 1665, he took the oath required of the nonconformists by the act commonly called the Five Mile Act, and which had passed in the parliament held that year at Oxford, on account of the plague being in London *. When, about January 1667-8, a treaty was proposed by sir Orlando Bridgman, lord keeper of the great seal, and countenanced by the lord chief baron Hale, for a comprehension of such of the dissenters as could be brought into the communion of the church, and for a toleration of the rest, Dr. Bates was one of the divines who, on the Presbyterian side, were engaged in drawing up a scheme of the alterations and concessions desired by that party. He was concerned, likewise, in another fruitless attempt of the same kind, which was made in 1674. His good character recommended him to the esteem and acquaintance of lord keeper Bridgman, lord chancellor Finch, and his son, the earl of Nottingham. Dr. Tillot'son had such an opinion of his learning and temper, that it became the ground of a friendship between them, which continued to the death of that excellent prelate, and Dr. Bates, with great liberality, used his interest with the archbishop, in procuring a pardon for Nathaniel lord Crewe, bishop of Durham, who, for his conduct in the ecclesiastical commission, had been excepted out of the act of in

When the parliament sat at Oxford, during the plague in London, they passed an act to oblige the nonconformists to take an oath, "That it was not lawful, upon any pretence whatsoever, to take arms against the king; and that they abhorred the treacherous position of taking arms by his authority against his person, or against those that are commissioned by him, in pursuance of such commis sion; and that they would not at any time endeavour any alteration in the government of church and state." Those who refused to take this oath were to be restrained from coming (except upon the road) within five miles of any ity or corporation, or any

place which sent burgesses to parlia ment. The ministers finding the pressure of the act very great, studied how to take the oath lawfully. Dr. Bates consulted the lord keeper Bridgman, who promised to be present at the next sessions, and to declare from the bench, that by "endeavour to change the government in church, was meant only unlawful endeavour." This satisfied Dr. Bates, who upon this took the oath with several others. He wrote a letter hereupon to Mr. Baxter; but the latter tells us, that all the argu ments contained therein seemed to him not sufficient to enervate the objections against taking the oath,

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