BAUDOUIN (JOHN), a member of the French academy, was a native of Pradelle in Vivarais, where he was born in 1590. In his youth he was a considerable traveller, but afterwards settled for the rest of his life at Paris, where he was reader to queen Margaret. He made translations from Tacitus, Suetonius, Lucian, Sallust, Dion Cassius, Tasso, and many other established writers, but which contributed little to his fame. When hard pressed by his employers, he contented himself with retouching former translations, without looking into the originals. He also wrote a "History of Malta," 1659, 2 vols. folio, and some novels and romances, in general beneath mediocrity. His only work not of this character, is his collection of "Emblems," with moral explanations, Paris, 1638, 8vo. 3 vols. a beautiful book, with engravings by Briot. His "Iconologie" is also in request with collectors. It was printed at Paris, 1636, folio, and 1643, 4to. Baudouin died at Paris in 1650, according to Moreri, or 1656, as in the Dict. Hist. 1.

BAUDRAND (MICHAEL ANTHONY), a celebrated French geographer, was born at Paris the 28th of July, 1633. His father, Stephen Baudrand, was first deputy of the procurator-general of the court of aids, treasurer of France for Montauban, and master of the requests of his royal highness Gaston of France, and his mother's name was Frances Caule. He began his studies in the year 1640. His inclination for geography was first noticed when he studied at the Jesuits college of Clermont under father Briet, who was famous for his geography, which was then printing, the proof sheets of which were corrected by our author. After he had finished his course of philosophy at the college of Lisieux under Mr. Desperier, cardinal Antonio Barberini took him as his secretary at Rome, and he was present with his eminence at the conclave, in which pope Alexander VII. was elected; and afterwards at that in which Clement IX. was chosen pope. Upon his return to France, he applied himself to the revisal of Ferrarius's Geographical Dictionary, which he enlarged by one half, and published at Paris, 1671, fol. In the same year he attended the marquis of Dangeau, who was employed by the king in the management of his affairs in Germany, and also went to England with the duchess of York, who was afterwards

queen of England. His travels were of great advantage to him in furnishing him with a variety of observations in geography. He returned to France in 1677, and composed his geographical dictionary in Latin. In 1691 he attended the cardinal of Camus, who was bishop of Grenoble, to Rome, and went with him into the conclave on the 27th of March, where he continued three months and a half, till the election of pope Innocent XII. on July 12th, the same year. Upon his return to Paris he applied himself to the completing of his French geographical dictionary, but he was prevented from publishing it by his death, which happened at Paris the 29th of May 1700. He had been prior of Rouvres and Neuf-Marché. He left all his books and papers to the Benedictine monks of the abbey of St. Germain des Prez.

His geographical dictionary was entitled "Geographia ordine literarum disposita," Paris, 1682, 2 vols. fol. That in French appeared in 1705, folio, but neither of them obtained much credit. The best edition, if we may so term it, is the "Dictionaire Geographique Universelle," taken from Baudrand's work, by Maty, and published at Amsterdam in 1701, 4to, with a most valuable and copious index of the Latin names translated into the modern.

Baudrand's other works are, 1. "Descriptio Fluminum Galliæ, qua Francia est, opera Papyrii Massoni, cum notis M. Baudrand," Paris, 1685, in 12mo. He employed afterwards two years in composing a work, which is not yet published, entitled, 2. "Geographia Christiana, sive notitia Archiepiscopatuum, et Episcopatuum totius orbis, quibus à Pontifice Romano providetur juxta præsentem ipsorum statum." He had given a sketch of this design at the end of his Latin dictionary. 3. "La Francia," 1662, in folio, and likewise in two tables in folio, 1694. This is a map of France, which he made for the Italians. 4. "Le Principauté de Catalogne et le Comté de Roussillon, suivant les nouvelles Observations;" a map in two sheets, Paris,

1693. "

BAUHIN (JOHN), the first of a family of men of learning and fame, was born at Amiens, Aug. 24, 1511, and educated in the profession of medicine and surgery. In his eighteenth year he began practice as a surgeon, and acquired such reputation as to be frequently consulted by persons of the first rank; and queen Catherine of Navarre bestowed on him the title of her physician. His connections with the

1 Gen. Dict-Moreri.-Saxii Onomasticon.

"new heretics," as Moreri calls the Protestants, induced him to adopt their opinions. In 1532 he went to England, we are not told why, and practised there for three years, after which he returned to Paris, and married; but having avowed his principles with boldness, and afforded assistance and protection to those of the reformed religion, he was thrown into prison in the reign of Francis I. and condemned to be burnt; but queen Margaret, who was sister to that prince, obtained his pardon and release, and appointed him her physician and surgeon in ordinary. Some time after, not thinking himself secure, even under her protection, he went to Antwerp and practised medicine, but even here the dread of the Spanish inquisition obliged him to retire to Germany, and at length he obtained an asylum at Basil, and for some time was corrector of the Froben press. He then resumed his profession, and was made assessor, and afterwards dean of the faculty. He died in 1582, leaving two sons, the subjects of the following articles. i

BAUHIN (JOHN), his eldest son, was born at Basil in 1541, took his doctor's degree in 1562, and afterwards became principal physician to Frederick duke of Wirtemberg. In 1561 he attached himself to the celebrated Gessner, under whom he studied botany with great perseverance and success. The principal works by which he gained a lasting name in the annals of that and other sciences, were his 1. "Memorabilis historia luporum aliquot rabidorum," 1591, 8vo. 2. "De plantis a divis, sanctisque nomen habentibus," Basil, 1591, 8vo. 3. "Vivitur ingenio, · cætera mortis erunt," the inscription of a work on insects and plants, but which has no other title, 1592, oblong form. 4. "De plantis absynthii nomen habentibus," Montbelliard, 1593, 1599, 8vo. 5. Historia novi et admirabilis fontis, balneique Bollensis," ib. 1598, 4to. 6. "Historic plantarum prodromus," Ebroduni (Brinn) 1619, 4to. 7. "Historia plantarum universalis," 3 vols. folio, 1650, 1651. This edition is enriched with the notes of Dominic Chabrans, a physician of Geneva, and the remarks of Robert Moryson, which he first published in his "Hortus Blesensis," and which, it is now allowed, were unreasonably severe. 8. "De Aquis medicatis, nova methodus, quatuor libris comprehensa," Montbeliard, 1605, 1607, 1612, 4to. Bauhin, after being

1 Moreri.

N

physician to the duke of Wirtemberg for forty years, during which he resided at Montbeliard, died there in 1613."

He

BAUHIN (GASPARD), brother of the preceding, was born at Basil, Jan. 17, 1560, and at the early age of sixteen began to study medicine. In 1577 he went to Padua, where he was instructed in botany and anatomy, and afterwards visited the university of Montpellier, and the most celebrated schools of Germany. On his return to Basil in 1580, he took his doctor's degree, and was appointed by the faculty to lecture on anatomy and botany. In 1582 he was elected professor of Greek; and in 1588 professor of anatomy and botany. In 1596, Frederick duke of Wirtemberg gave him the title of his physician, which he had before conferred on his brother. was also, in 1614, principal city physician, and in the course of his life four times rector of the university, and eight times dean of the faculty of medicine. He died Dec. 5, 1624, after establishing a very high reputation for his knowledge in botany and anatomy, in both which he published some valuable works. The principal were his representations of plants, and especially what he called the exhibition of the botanical theatre ("Phytopinax," Basil, 1596, 4to, and "Pinax Theatri Botanici," ib. 1623, 4to), a work which was the fruit of fourteen years collections and labours, and served much to facilitate the study of botany, and to promote its knowledge. Bauhin was not the creator of a system, but he reformed many abuses and defects, especially the confusion of names. He collected the synonymous terms of six thousand plants, which various authors had capriciously assigned to them. This prevented the many mistakes which till then had been made by botanists, who took several descript plants for non-descripts, and gave them few names, only because they had been described too much and too variously. Bauhin himself made several mistakes in this new method, which, however, considering the whole extent of his merit, candour would overlook. After his time botany stood still for some years, the learned thinking it sufficient if they knew and called the plants by the names which Bauhin had given them. Manget and other writers have given a large list of Bauhin's other works, which we suspect is not quite correct, some being attributed to Gaspar which belong to John, and vice

1 Moreri.-Dict. Hist.

versa. Other branches of this family were physicians of eminence in their time, but did not arrive to the same fame as authors. 1

BAULDRI (PAUL), surnamed D'IBERVILLE, professor of ecclesiastical history at Utrecht, was born at Rouen in 1639. His father, a Protestant and a man of opulence, had him educated with great care. He was first instructed in classical learning at Quevilli, a village near Rouen, where the Protestants had a college and church. Thence he went to Saumur, where he learned Hebrew under Louis Cappel, and improved his knowledge of Latin and Greek under Tanaquil le Fevre, who was particularly attached to him, corresponded with him after he left Saumur, and de. dicated to him one of his works. Bauldri also studied divinity in this university, and afterwards went to England,, and resided some years at Oxford, passing most of his time in the Bodleian library, and becoming acquainted with Henry Justel, the king's librarian, and Dr. Fell, bishop of Oxford. After having twice visited England, he returned to his own country, and gave himself up to study, enlarging his library by a judicious selection of valuable books. He brought from England an Arabian, with whom he studied that language. In 1682 he married, at Rouen, Magdalen Basnage, the daughter of Henry. After the revocation of the edict of Nantz, he intended to have taken refuge in England, but his friends and admirers in Holland invited him thither, and by their interest he was, in 1685, appointed professor of ecclesiastical history in the university of Utrecht. In 1692 he published, 1. A new edition of Lactantius "De mortibus persecutorum," with learned notes, He published also, 2. A new edition of Furetiere's "Nouvelle allegorique, ou, Histoire des derniers troubles arrivés au royaume d'eloquence," Utrecht, 1703, 12mo. 3. "Critical remarks on the book of Job," inserted in Basnage's memoirs of the works of the learned, August 1696. 4. A letter on the same subject, July 1697, and some other dissertations in the literary journals. The states of Utrecht endeavoured to obtain for M. Bauldri the restitution of his property at the treaty of Ryswick, but did not succeed. He died at Utrecht, highly esteemed, Feb. 16, 1706.*

1 Gen. Dict.-Moreri.-Stoever's Life of Linnæus, p. 61.-Manget. Bibl. Script. Med.-Saxii Onomasticon.