117 U. S. 139-150, 29 L. 833, TENNESSEE v. WHITWORTH. Taxing power of State is never presumed relinquished, p. 145. Reaffirmed in Memphis v. Memphis City Bank, 91 Tenn. 580, 19 S. W. 1046. Approved in Memphis v. Home Ins. Co., 91 Tenn. 562, 19 S. W. 1043, holding exemption did not extend to shares of stock; Dow v. Northern R. R., 67 N. H. 49, 36 Atl. 535, arguendo.

Taxation.- Grant of another corporation's rights, etc., carries a tax exemption, notwithstanding Tennessee Constitution, p. 146.

Reaffirmed in State Board of Assessors v. Morris, etc., R. R., 49 N. J. L. 207, 7 Atl. 832. Approved in Phoenix Ins. Co. v. Tennessee, 161 U. S. 179, 181, 40 L. 662, 663, 16 S. Ct. 473, 474, confining exemption to line defined in charter of first corporation; Citizens' Bank v. Board of Assessors, 54 Fed. 76, holding that exemption from taxation followed extension of charter; United States v. Stanford, 70 Fed. 359, 363, 44 U. S. App. 68, holding there was a waiver of individual liability of stockholders; Buchanan v. Knoxville, etc., R. Co., 71 Fed. 338, 37 U. S. App. 499, arguendo.

Distinguished in Keokuk, etc., R. R. v. Missouri, 152 U. S. 311, 38 L. 455, 14 S. Ct. 596, holding a new company was formed from date of consolidation, and exemption did not pass; Adams v. Yazoo, etc., R. Co., Miss., 24 So. 209, 210, 211, and S. C., Miss. -, 24 So. 318, where there was a mere merger; Memphis v. Phoenix,, etc., Ins. Co., 91 Tenn. 572, 19 S. W. 1045, holding grant of “rights and privileges" did not carry exemption from taxation.

Corporation, consolidated, presumably has powers, privileges, restrictions and liabilities of predecessors, p. 147.

Reaffirmed in Natchez, etc., R. R. v. Lambert, 70 Miss. 790, 18 So. 35. Approved in Africa v. Board of Mayor, etc., 70 Fed. 739, holding consent of city not terminated by extinguishment of companies; Langhorne v. Richmond R. Co., 91 Va. 374, 22 S. E. 161, holding consolidated corporation may be sued for liabilities of old. Distinguished in Keokuk, etc., R. R. v. Missouri, 152 U. S. 307, 38 L. 454, 14 S. Ct. 594, holding a new company was formed from date of consolidation, and exemption did not pass.

Corporations.- Grant of privileges to railroad "for its government," means for regulation, not as limitation, p. 149.

Miscellaneous.- Tennessee v. Union, etc., Bank, 152 U. S. 460, 38 L. 514, 14 S. Ct. 656, on removal question.

117 U. S. 151-180, 29 L. 845, VAN BROCKLIN v. STATE OF TENNESSEE.

United States may take for public use under eminent domain, paying just compensation, p. 154.

Reaffirmed in Ryan v. United States, 136 U. S. 81, 34 L. 452 10 & Ct. 918. Approved in Cherokee Nation v. Kansas By.. 135 C. &

661, 19 S. W. 1043, holding exemption did not extend to shares of stock; Memphis v. Memphis City Bank, 91 Tenn. 578, 19 S. W. 1046, holding that capital stock and shares of stock are separate properties; Memphis v. U. & P. Bank, 91 Tenn. 553, 19 S. W. 760, State ▼. Bank of Commerce, 95 Tenn. 227, 31 S. W. 995, and Commonwealth v. Charlottesville, etc., Loan Co., 90 Va. 792, 44 Am. St. Rep. 951, 20 S. E. 365, holding that capital stock and shares of capital stock may both be taxed; dissenting opinion in Hancock v. Singer Mfg. Co., 62 N. J. L. 348, 41 Atl. 854, 42 L. R. A. 862, majority holding exemption of shares from taxation also exempts capital stock.

Taxation. Every presumption is against surrender of taxing power, p. 136.

Reaffirmed in Memphis v. U. & P. Bank, 91 Tenn, 550, 19 S. W. 759, Memphis v. Memphis City Bank, 91 Tenn. 580, 19 S. W. 1046, Turnpike Cases, 92 Tenn. 373, 22 S. W. 76, and Railroad v. Harris, 99 Tenn. 693, 43 S. W. 117. Approved in Shelby County v. Union, etc., Bank, 161 U. S. 160, 40 L. 655, 16 S. Ct. 562, holding provision for annual tax in lieu of all other taxes, does not exempt capital stock; Memphis v. Home Ins. Co., 91 Tenn. 562, 19 S. W. 1043, holding exemption did not extend to shares of stock.

Taxation. Double taxation is never presumed, p. 137.

Approved in Western Union Tel. Co. v. Harris,

Tenn. - 52

S. W. 752, holding telegraph company having paid one privilege tax, was not exempt from another.

Statutory contracts are to receive meaning intended at time of enactment, p. 137.

Taxation.- Exemption of capital stock" shares, p. 139.

exempts individual

Reaffirmed in Central R. R. v. Wright, 164 U. S. 335, 41 L. 457, 17 S. Ct. 83. Approved in State v. Hernando, etc., Ins. Co., 97 Tenn. 92, 36 S. W. 722, holding capital stock not exempt by charter provision for annual tax in lieu of all other taxes; Foster v. Stevens, 63 Vt. 182, 22 Atl. 79, 13 L. R. A. 168, and n., holding shares of stock of Canadian bank, which pays a direct tax in Canada, are exempt from taxation as against residents.

Distinguished in Street R. R. v. Morrow, 87 Tenn. 422, 11 8. W. 351, 2 L. R. A. 858, tax against corporation and also its shares is not double; Memphis v. Home Ins. Co., 91 Tenn. 563, 19 S. W. 1043, holding that exemption did not extend to shares of stock.

Miscellaneous. Cited in Tennessee v. Union, etc., Bank, 132 U. S. 460, 38 L. 514, 14 S. Ct. 656, and Arkansas v. Kansas, etc., Coal Co., 96 Fed. 355, to point that case is removable if record shows either party claims a right under the Constitution and laws of United States.

117 U. S. 139-150, 29 L. 833, TENNESSEE v. WHITWORTH. Taxing power of State is never presumed relinquished, p. 145. Reaffirmed in Memphis v. Memphis City Bank, 91 Tenn. 580, 19 S. W. 1046. Approved in Memphis v. Home Ins. Co., 91 Tenn. 562, 19 S. W. 1043, holding exemption did not extend to shares of stock; Dow v. Northern R. R., 67 N. H. 49, 36 Atl. 535, arguendo.

Taxation. Grant of another corporation's rights, etc., carries a tax exemption, notwithstanding Tennessee Constitution, p. 146.

Reaffirmed in State Board of Assessors v. Morris, etc., R. R., 49 N. J. L. 207, 7 Atl. 832. Approved in Phoenix Ins. Co. v. Tennessee, 161 U. S. 179, 181, 40 L. 662, 663, 16 S. Ct. 473, 474, confining exemption to line defined in charter of first corporation; Citizens' Bank v. Board of Assessors, 54 Fed. 76, holding that exemption from taxation followed extension of charter; United States v. Stanford, 70 Fed. 359, 363, 44 U. S. App. 68, holding there was a waiver of individual liability of stockholders; Buchanan v. Knoxville, etc., R. Co., 71 Fed. 338, 37 U. S. App. 499, arguendo.

Distinguished in Keokuk, etc., R. R. v. Missouri, 152 U. S. 311, 38 L. 455, 14 S. Ct. 596, holding a new company was formed from date of consolidation, and exemption did not pass; Adams v. Yazoo, etc., R. Co., Miss., 24 So. 209, 210, 211, and S. C., Miss. 24 So. 318, where there was a mere merger; Memphis v. Phoenix,, etc., Ins. Co., 91 Tenn. 572, 19 S. W. 1045, holding grant of “rights and privileges" did not carry exemption from taxation.

Corporation, consolidated, presumably has powers, privileges, restrictions and liabilities of predecessors, p. 147.

Reaffirmed in Natchez, etc., R. R. v. Lambert, 70 Miss. 790, 18 So. 35. Approved in Africa v. Board of Mayor, etc., 70 Fed. 780, holding consent of city not terminated by extinguishment of companies; Langhorne v. Richmond R. Co., 91 Va. 374, 22 S. E. 161, holding consolidated corporation may be sued for liabilities of old. Distinguished in Keokuk, etc., R. R. v. Missouri, 152 U. S. 307, 38 L. 454, 14 S. Ct. 594, holding a new company was formed from date of consolidation, and exemption did not pass.

Corporations. Grant of privileges to railroad "for its government," means for regulation, not as limitation, p. 149.

Miscellaneous.- Tennessee v. Union, etc., Bank, 152 U. S. 460, 38 L. 514, 14 S. Ct. 656, on removal question.

117 U. S. 151-180, 29 L. 845, VAN BROCKLIN v. STATE OF TENNESSEE.

United States may take for public use under eminent domain, paying just compensation, p. 154.

Reaffirmed in Ryan v. United States, 136 U. S. 81, 34 L. 452, 10 8. Ct. 918. Approved in Cherokee Nation v. Kansas Ry., 135 C. &

656, 34 L. 302, 10 S. Ct. 970, holding railroad could take private property for right of way; Luxton v. North River Bridge Co., 153 U. S. 530, 38 L. 810, 14 S. Ct. 892, holding United States could take private land to build bridge across navigable stream; United States v. Certain Tract of Land, 67 Fed. 871, holding United States could not take land for national cemetery at Gettysburg; Abbott v. New York, etc., R. R., 145 Mass. 453, holding right of eminent domain granted to domestic corporation might pass to foreign corporation, its successor.

States. Ordinance of 1787 had no force in any State after its admission, any more than other acts of Congress, p. 159.

Reaffirmed in Sands v. Manistee, etc., Imp. Co., 123 U. S. 296, 31 L. 152, 8 S. Ct. 117, and People v. Thompson, 155 Ill. 473, 40 N. E. 313. Approved in Illinois v. Illinois, etc., R. Co., 33 Fed. 754, 755, holding State could fix line beyond which docks could not be built.

Public lands.- Disposition of, lies wholly with Congress, p. 168. Approved in Wiseman v. Eastman, 21 Wash. 175, 57 Pac. 401, holding decision of United States land department could not be reviewed.

Taxation. State taxing laws do not include State or municipal property, although not in terms exempt, p. 173.

Approved in Springville v. Johnson, 10 Utah, 355, 37 Pac. 577, holding lands of municipality were exempt.

United States property is exempt from State taxation, p. 178. Reaffirmed in Wisconsin R. R. v. Price County, 133 U. S. 504, 33 L. 692, 10 S. Ct. 344, and Bannon v. Burnes, 39 Fed. 898, 899. Approved in United States v. Nashville, etc., Ry., 118 U. S. 126, 30 L 83, 6 S. Ct. 1009, holding statute of limitations did not run against bonds held by United States in trust for Indians; Pollock v. Farmers, etc., Trust Co., 157 U. S. 584, 39 L. 819, 15 S. Ct. 691, holding Invalid, tax on interest on municipal bonds; Central, etc., R. R. v. California, 162 U. S. 125, 40 L. 915, 16 S. Ct. 779, holding State may tax property of corporation, an agent of United States; Southern Pac. R. Co. v. Stanley, 49 Fed. 265, it would be inequitable to regard one as owner for purposes of taxation, and not for purpose of enforcing his rights; United States v. Devereux, 90 Fed. 186, 61 U. S. App. 557, property claimed by United States as cestui que trust, is not subject to statute of limitations; United States v. Bell Telephone Co., 167 U. S. 265, 42 L. 163, 17 S. Ct. 820, United States v. Bee, 54 Fed. 114, 7 U. S. App. 459, and United States v. Willamette. etc., Road Co., 54 Fed. 810, all holding defense of laches is not applicable to United States; Nichols v. Council, 51 Ark. 33, 14 Am St. Rep. 22, 9 S. W. 306, holding statute of limitations will not run in favor of enterer's grantee, while title remains in the

government; Ex parte Gaines, 56 Ark. 230, 19 S. W. 602, holding lessee of land of United States subject to State taxation; State v. Burk, 63 Ark. 58, 37 S. W. 407, holding statute of limitations was no defense to action by State to foreclose mortgage security for school funds; Davis v. Magoun, Iowa,, 80 N. W. 429, holding land was taxable from time of reinstatement of cancelled entry; State v. Central Pac. R. R., 21 Nev. 269, 30 Pac. 692, holding unsurveyed lands not taxable; Howard Sav. Inst. v. Newark, 63 N. J. L. 549, 44 Atl. 655, holding United States securities not taxable; Jackson v. La Moure County, 1 N. Dak. 238, 46 N. W. 449, holding indemnity lands were not taxable until selected; Tyler v. Cass County, 1 N. Dak. 382, 48 N. W. 233, holding lands upon which United States had lien for survey fee, were not taxable; Duncan v. Newcomer, 9 S. Dak. 377, 69 N. W. 581, until new proof of homestead entry was made, land was not taxable; dissenting opinion in Pollock v. Farmers, etc., Trust Co., 158 U. S. 666, 693, 39 L 1135, 1145, 15 S. Ct. 931, 942, majority holding income tax invalid; Frost v. Spitley, 121 U. S. 556, 30 L. 1012, 7 S. Ct. 1131, arguendo.

United States, acquiring land at tax sale, may not be taxed by State, as respects it, p. 179.

Approved in United States v. Insley, 130 U. S. 265, 32 L. 969, 9 S. Ct. 485, holding United States holds right of redemption for public purposes; Graff v. Ackerman, 38 Neb. 723, 57 N. W. 513, holding land purchased from government not taxable, before issuance of patent.

117 U. S. 180-197, 29 L. 839, GRAFFAM v. BURGESS.

Execution.- Party misled, and lulled into security, so as to prevent her from redeeming, may have extra time, p. 190.

Reaffirmed in Power v. Larabee, 3 N. Dak. 509, 44 Am. St. Rep. 581, 57 N. W. 791. Approved in Schroder v. Young, 161 U. S. 345, 40 L. 727, 16 S. Ct. 516, allowing relief, notwithstanding statutory period for redemption had expired; Young v. Schroeder, 10 Utah, 172, 37 Pac. 256, setting aside execution sale.

Judicial sale will not be set aside for inadequacy, unless so great as to shock conscience, p. 192.

Reaffirmed in Fidelity Trust, etc., Co. v. Mobile, etc., Ry., 54 Fed. 28, Fidelity Ins., etc., Co. v. Roanoke Iron Co., 84 Fed. 755, Magan v. Segal, 92 Fed. 256, 257, 258, 259, 262, Hudgins v. Morrow, 47 Ark. 518, 2 8. W. 105, Carden v. Lange, 48 Ark. 219, 3 Am. St. Rep. 229, 2 8. W. 710, and Phillips v. Pullen, 45 N. J. Eq. 836, 18 Atl. 851. Approved in Pewabic Mining Co. v. Mason, 145 U. S. 367, 36 L. 738, 12 8. Ct. 892, refusing to set aside sale; Schroder v. Young, 161 U. S. 340, 40 L. 725, 16 S. Ct. 514, setting aside sale; Colonial, etc., Mortgage Co. v. Sweet, 65 Ark. 154, 67 Am. St. Rep. 912, 45 8. W.