is rapidly rotting down and the end has disappeared under water. It is a danger to vessels, and is needed to protect the entrance from the large accumulations of sand in the adjacent "outer harbor," and should be rebuilt to a height of about 4 feet above water.

The working balance on hand will be used for further dredging.

As the inner harbor is separately appropriated for, the estimate for 1895 is as follows: Rebuilding east pier, $8,000; refilling and minor repairs to west pier, $2,000; dredging for the maintenance of navigation, $4,000, which, with contingencies, makes $18,000.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 18,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 1.)

2. St. Joseph Harbor, Michigan.-St. Joseph is one of the more important harbors of the east shore, with three lines of railway, and an extensive freight and passenger business by water, for the conduct and development of which the navigation facilities are with difficulty maintained by frequent dredging.

In its original condition the entrance had merely a variable channel of 3 to 7 feet. In 1836, owing to certain natural advantages of position and local features, it was selected for improvement as a harbor of refuge, and the project of 1866, modified in 1874 and 1875, called for a navigable depth of 16 feet and width of 270 feet. The project has never been carried out so far as the depth is concerned, the best water attained being 15 feet which of late years has not averaged more than 14 feet. In fact the failure to prolong the piers to an adequate depth in the lake and the formidable shoaling outside the entrance, due to accumulations against the north pier, have at times threatened to close the entrance altogether for the class of vessels using it. A special report of these conditions was made in November, 1891, with the recommendation that the north pier be extended as rapidly as practicable to the 15-foot contour in the lake, a distance of some 1,200 feet.

The present projection of the north pier beyond the shore line is 635 feet, and at the worst condition a shoal formed directly in front of the pier with only 7 feet on it.

The interior navigation has been taken care of by frequent dredging, the points giving most difficulty being where the Paw Paw River discharges into the Benton Harbor Canal, and near the lower end of the so-called "wing dam," where the outflow from the St. Joseph River expands into the harbor area proper.

Both streams transport at times large amounts of sediment. In the case of the Paw Paw, a radical cure for the recurring obstruction can be secured by closing its present mouth in the canal and cutting another through the marsh into the head of the harbor back of the "wing dam." The banks of the canal should be properly revetted to protect the narrow and thronged fairway.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $272,831.29 and for the fiscal year $11,692.

During the season of 1892 extensive dredging was done inside the harbor, particularly above the railway bridge, where the spring freshets had made deposits reducing the channel depth to 10 feet.

In the fall the outer bar again gave trouble. On October 31 the depth was 11 feet only. This was deepened, notwithstanding the late and stormy season, by using every hour of smooth lake, working at night when practicable. When work was closed the depth on the bar was 16 and inside not less than 13 feet. The total dredged was 65,267 cubic yards.

Late in March, 1893, it was found that a bar with but 4 feet on it blocked the canal at the mouth of the Paw Paw. This was dredged down in April, as also a shoal above and through the railway bridge, where the depth was 11 feet only. From April 1 to July 1, 1893, 23,777 cubic yards was removed, and the outer bar showed 15 feet and the interior navigation 13, except at the lower end of the wing dam, where the depth was 11.7 feet.

Repairs were made November, 1892, of a break in the channel wall of the old north pier, but this portion of the work is in bad condition and must be rebuilt.

In December, 1892, a contract was made for 350 feet extension of the north pier and work began in April and has continued. Four cribs are partly completed and one ready to sink.

The working balance of $12,000, July 1, 1893, is held for the large amount of dredging required and to make minor repairs.

The estimates for 1895 are, for 850 feet of pier, $85,000; rebuilding part of the old north pier, $5,000; sheet piling, repairs, and refilling, $11,000. Total, with contingencies, $111,000.

July 1, 1893, outstanding liabilities.

49, 588.91

$804.29

July 1, 1893, amount covered by uncompleted contracts..

36, 697.39

37,501.68

July 1, 1893, balance available.......

12,087. 23

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 111,000.00 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893.

(See Appendix M M 2.)

3. St. Joseph River, Michigan.-The improvement in question covers a distance of 25 miles from St. Joseph to Berrien Springs, and this was to be effected by the project of March, 1889, to the extent of securing 3 or 4 feet depth by the removal of snags and bowlders, and the building of small wing dams of cheap construction.

The results have been satisfactory to the limited commerce interested, but are not likely to be permanent without further measures.

The allotment of $1,000 from the appropriation for St. Joseph Harbor of July 13, 1892, was held to await farther requirements, and at the close of the fiscal year the condition of the navigation was such as * $1,000 of this sum is to be expended on St. Joseph River. ENG 93- -24

to call for its expenditure. The amount will be expended as heretofore, in building rough wing dams, removing snags, etc.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $3,450.27. No expenditures were made during the fiscal year.

If the work is to be continued, $2,000 additional should be appropri ated, preferably independent of the appropriation for St. Joseph Harbor, which has great need of the full appropriation made for it.

July 1, 1892, balance unexpended...............

Amount allotted under act approved July 13, 1892.

July 1, 1893, balance unexpended.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 3.)

$49.73 1,000.00

1,049.73

1,049. 73

2,000.00

4. South Haven Harbor, Michigan.-The harbor is at the mouth of Black River, a stream of moderate dimensions, where the original expenditure at private cost had secured 6 or 7 feet, with a width of 85 feet. The project of 1866, modified in 1869, 1872, and 1888, called for 12 feet, with a width of 180 feet between piers, the improvement to extend half a mile up stream to the highway bridge.

The piers lack 150 and 200 feet of the projected length and do not extend beyond the 10-foot contour in the lake, with the 15-foot contour 300 feet farther out. In consequence of this, frequent dredging is necessary, both on a recurring bar outside the piers and in the river where the naked banks permit such a silt to fill the channel.

The total expenditure to July 1, 1892, was $203,872.45, and for the fiscal year, $6,562.87.

In October, 1892, the bar was dredged 70 feet wide and 18 feet deep, and a cut made inside, taking out a total of 9,063 cubic yards, but by November 25 all traces of the work had disappeared, and but 10 feet practicable depth remained.

In April, 1893, there was but 9 feet for a distance of 1,300 feet, but the bar had 12 feet. The dredge worked again in May, taking out 15,690 cubic yards and restoring the navigation.

Considerable repairs were made during the year, rebuilding old work, refilling, etc., and this work is still in progress.

The estimate for 1895 is, for extending piers to complete the existing project, $42,000; for general repairs and dredging, 7,000; which, with contingencies, makes $54,000.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 4.)

$3, 127.55 10,000.00

13, 127.55 6,562.87

6, 564, 68 2,325.64

4, 239.04

54,000.00

5. Saugatuck Harbor, Michigan.-The mouth of the Kalamazoo River has a natural depth in ordinary condition of 6 or 7 feet, and the project

of 1869, revised in 1875 and 1882, proposed to deepen this to 12 feet and extend the entrance piers into the lake 200 feet apart. The works have never been completed and are now for the greater part in a ruinous condition, while from the immense accessions of sand from the naked waste bordering the river on the north and the absence of proper protection the depth has not been increased to exceed 8 feet, with 10 feet as an exceptional and temporary feature. The river is an outlet for a considerable traffic during the fruit season even with all its disadvantages, but for several years past the Government aid has been confined' to dredging when the navigation became entirely obstructed.

The dredge worked on the bar and river for four months in 1892, removing 36,050 cubic yards; but in May, 1893, there was again but 6 and 5 feet, and at the urgent request of local interests the dredge was sent there again in June, and is still at work.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $139,094.25, and for the fiscal year $4,076.73.

The estimates for 1895 are for partly rebuilding the south pier to save it from entire loss, $18,000, and for dredging, $5,000, which with contingencies makes $25,000.

Amount (estimated) required for completion of existing project.. Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30, 1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 5.)

2, 268.02 509.33

1,758.69

30, 260.00

25,000. 00

6. Holland (Black Lake) Harbor, Michigan.-The outlet from Holland Lake was originally improved to about 5 feet at local expense and the project of 1866, amended in 1873, 1879, and 1884, calls for a 12-foot channel between piers and revetments 200 feet apart.

To secure this depth the piers have insufficient development, and frequent dredging is resorted to to keep the harbor open.

The piers are respectively 713 and 696 feet long, terminating at about the 10-foot contour in the lake, while the 15-foot contour is about 500 feet farther out, and the commercial interests of the harbor are hampered by insufficiency of depth.

August, 1892, the draft was 9 feet, September 8 feet, and November 6 feet. In April, 1893, soundings showed but 7 feet between the piers, notwithstanding the rise in the lake.

The entrance was dredged in April and June, 1893, and a cut 50 feet wide and 1,440 feet long made to 18 feet. The total dredged was 15,587 cubic yards, and by July 1 the navigable depth throughout was 13 feet, which, however, can not be maintained.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $272,242.87, and for the fiscal year $2,377.20.

The estimate for 1895 is: For sheet piling to prevent seepage of sand, $7,460, and for general repairs, refilling, etc., $6,000, which with contingencies makes $15,000.

Amount that can be profitably expended in fiscal year ending June 30,1895 Submitted in compliance with requirements of sections 2 of river and harbor acts of 1866 and 1867 and of sundry civil act of March 3, 1893. (See Appendix M M 6.)

$2,371.25

5,000.00

7, 371.25

2,377.20

4,994.05 726.52

4, 267.53

15,000.00

7. Grand Haven Harbor, Michigan.-Grand Haven, lying at the mouth of Grand River, in addition to its local commerce as the terminal of the Detroit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee Railway, with which a line of trans-lake steamers connects, is the principal harbor of refuge on the coast, and with that object was designed with an entrance width of 400 feet and depth of 18 feet.

The mouth of the river was originally improved by the construction of a railway pier on the south side, and the work was taken in hand in 1866 with extensions authorized in 1880 and 1890.

Two great piers have been buiit, which, with the shore revetments. are respectively 3,187 and 5,576 feet in length. The outer ends of the piers are abreast each other, a position which, at Grand Haven, experience has shown to be most advantageous to the navigation. The works have secured very beneficial results, but there are still two matters of importance to be attended to. One the extension of the piers to their full length, of which 150 feet on the north and 100 feet on the south side are still lacking. The other is the control of the flying sand from the enormous dunes on the north side of the entrance, from which immense quantities of sand are annually blown into the river and, being carried down by the current, tend to maintain a bar directly opposite the middle of the entrance and outside the piers.

These dunes were originally covered with forest, but this was cut down and the surface left naked to dry and move with the wind. The work of regulating them by inducing natural growth of suitable vegetation is one requiring time and should not be deferred, as unless it is done the bar formation will continue, no matter to what length the piers extend.

It may be noted that this sand movement constitutes a vicious circle. The sands carried to the lake are then distributed and in part driven to the beach by wave and wind action, thence they climb the dunes, and, overlapping them, descend the slope to the river to be again transported to the lake. With vegetation on the dunes this circulation would cease.

The total expenditures to July 1, 1892, were $604,240.82, and for the fiscal year $33,959.38.

The navigation has been fairly satisfactory throughout the year, although in March, 1893, a prolonged flood in the river carried down a vast amount of sand, which reduced the entrance depth to less than 15 feet. By the end of March the sand wave had rolled out and the navigation improved. By June 13 there was again 17 feet at the entrance, with 15.9 feet on the bar outside.

The same spring flood seriously endangered a large portion of the curved revetment on the south side of the river, which regulates the