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sugar, and opium, from Bareilly, Mow, and Azeeumghur, and cotton from Etawah, and other places for the China market, at prices consi. derably under what that article was usually furnished at Bombay.

The country between Nujebabad and Hurdwar, to the extent of upwards of 200 square miles, was a depopulated desert, overrun by woods and marshes, which rendered the climate unhealthy : this extensive tract of land could only be reclaimed by individual exertion, and the lieutenant-governor took advantage of a local circumstance to encourage settlers for the cultivation of the country, and the purposes of commerce. In Hurdwar one of the greatest fairs in India is held ; within three miles of which he erected a Gunge Ghaut and Seray; with buiidings for the accommodation of merchants and traders, resort, ing 'to the fair : this measure succeeded beyond expectation; an extensive town is rising in this hitherto barren waste; the whole of which will soon be brought into a productive state of cultivation and prosperity.

Salt, in all ages, and in all countries, has been considered a proper subject of taxation ; in the ceded provinces foreign salt formed the general consumption, the trade in which was confined to a few principal merchants, whose capital enable them to support a partial monopoly, regulate the prices and supplies agreeable to their own views and interests, and elude the tax, by the facility afforded to the clandestine introduction of that article, through the province of Benares, from Boghilcund and Bundilcund. The transfer of this monopoly to the British government would secure a regular and plentiful supply for consumption, and produce a considerable revenue, without materially enhancing the price to the consumers.

A proclamation was issued, on the 6th November, 1802, prohibiting the further introduction of salt into the ceded provinces, by indivi. duals, after a given day; and permitting the sale and export of salt imported for four months previous to that period.

The superintendence of the supplies and sales of salt was placed under the commercial residents, and an agent appointed for purchasing, in the Mahratta country, supplies for the general consumption of Oude : reports were regularly furnished to government of the supplies of salt stored ; as well as the effect of the monopoly upon the current prices of that article throughout the country; from which it appeared, as well as from the best information, that by extending the monopoly

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to the province of Benares, foreign salt, purchased either upon the borders of that province, or the ceded countries, and sold on account of government, in its transit from, and to any of those countries, or to the nawaub vizier's reserved dominions, free of all other duty, would have the effect of keeping the price of salt, in those countries, nearly upon a level; and, from the extent of the demand, combination on the sales would be effectually prevented.

The confidence inspired, and protection afforded to trade and manufactures, since the ceded provinces came under the immediate superin. tendence of the British government, induced a number of merchants, residing at Hatrass, Kutchura, and other places to the westward, to propose to the resident at Etawah, removing with their families from the opposite side of the Jumna, into the ceded provinces, and establishing the general market for cotton at Etawah: the lieutenant-governor, aware of the important advantages to the country from this arrangement, directed the resident at Etawah to afford them every possible encouragement and protection.

The commercial resident at Bareilly was directed to superintend the purchase of an investment of piece goods, amounting to four lacs of rupees; and the resident at Benares an investment in piece goods, cotton, wool, sugar, and opium, of six lacs of rupees, and to furnish an assortment of samples to be forwarded to the court of directors of the East India company, along with the report of the reporter-general on external commerce, to enable the court to judge of the advantages expectant from an augmentation of their investments in piece goods, sugar, opium, and cotton wool, from the ceded provinces.

The evils prevailing in Furruckabad pressed closely on the attention of the lieutenant-governor; the mal-administration of the late nawaubs was greatly increased by the disputes and want of confidence subsisting between the present nawaub, Imdaud Hoossein Khan, (a minor now nearly of age) and his uncle, the manager during his minority of Khirrud Mund Khan.

They waited on the governor-general, at Benares, in the latter end of 1801, with mutual complaints. The nawaub charged the manages with various acts of mal-administration, and claimed the right of being seated on the musnud, and of appointing a minister of his own choice for conducting the affairs of his government. Khirrud Mund Khan, on the other hand, complained of the obstacles opposed to the due adminis

tration of affairs, by the counteraction of the nawaul, and his profligate associates, with his own inability to discharge the duties of his station, if his authority was not supported by the active interference of British power: the governor-general referred them to the lieutenant-governor of the cecou provinces, to inquire into, and decide upon their mutual griet ances. In March, 1802, the lieutenant-governor received instructions from the supreme government, to confer with the nawaub, Imdaud Hosseir 2n (whose minority had now expired), and the manager, Khirrurl Alund Khan, on the affairs of the province, to direct their attention to the evils arisivig from the vicious and inefficient system of administration prevailing in the country, the insubordination of the people, the in possibility of preventing the state from ruin, and the consequent destruction of themselves and families, if the present course was pur. sued; , with the little chance of effecting an alteration for the better, byu any measure but that of placing the civil and military administration of the country in the hands of the British government; which measure was absolutely necessary to preserve the tranquillity, and secure the prosperity of their own territories.

For, to abandon the administration of a province, situated like Furruckalad, (surrounded by the ceded provinces, and within seventy miles of the frontier, inhabited by Patans, the bravest and most unruly description of Moslems) to the young nawaub, whose disposition, naturally depraved, was rendered still more dissolute, by long association with men of the inost abandoned principles, who had gained an entire ascendine, over his mind, would hazard the welfare of the inhabitants, and the contagion would spread over, and disturb the tranquillity of the British possessions.

In tbv beginning of May, 1802, several conferences were held in Bareilly, between the nawaub, the manager, and the lieutenant-governor, and continued to the 4th June, when the following treaty was signed by the honourable. the lieutenant-governor, and the nawaub Imdanu ifoossein Kban Bebauder Naser Jung.

Aliclist. I is hereby stipulated and agreed, that the province of Furriskalou, and its dependencies, shall be ceded, in perpetual sovereignty, to the hiurable ibe East India company, from the commencement of :o fusing's year, one thousand two hundred and ten, the Nawaub transferring to the company his right and property in the same. 2nd. With a view of proi.in, fo. the maint:nance and dignity of the

Nawaub,

Hawaub, Imdaud Hoossein Khan Behauder, it is agreed he shall receive a monthly allowance of nine thousand rupees, (or one lack, and eight thousand rupees annually,) which allowance shall be continued to his heirs and successors, and shall not be subjected to any diminution from any cause whatsoever. And it is further agreed, that the said Nawaub shall be treated, on all occasions, with the attention, respect, and honour due to his rank and situation, and as a friend of the British government.

3d. The honourable lieutenant engages, that two thousand rupees yearly shall be allowed for the expenses of Emann Barrah, and that the amount of three thousand six hundred rupees yearly, for the payment of the allowances to the separate mehauls of the late Nawaub Mozuffur Jung, hitherto paid by Oroa Begum, shall be distributed hereafter by the Nawaub, who shall deliver the receipts for the same to the company's office, provided it should be found that these allowances have not been regularly paid by Omrao Begum.

4th. In compliance with the Nawaub's desire, the gardens, formerly the property of his father, the village Sereyah Neamutpoor, the forfeited houses in Furruckabad, and the property of Rannee Sauheb, shall be considered as his exclusive property, if there should appear to be no other persons legally entitled to such property.

5th. As the detailed list given in by the Nawaub, of family connections and attendants, under the head of pensioners, and the list delivered in by Khirrud Mund Khan, are in many respects different; and as it is the intention of the British government, that provision should be made for persons whose claims to pensions shall appear to be well founded; it is hereby agreed, that the rights of the different claimants shall be enquired into by the civil officer appointed by the British government, in conjunction with the nawaub, and that sunnuds shall be granted under their joint seals and signatures; agreeably to which sunnuds the pensioners shall be paid by the nawaub, who will deliver their receipts to the company's civil officer.

6th. The authority of the court of Adawlut shall not extend to the person of the nawaub; but as his connections and dependants are undefined, and as it is the object of the British government to introduce fair and impartial administration of justice throughout the province of Furruckabad, it is agreed, that whatever complaints may be preferred against any of the nawaub's dependants, shall, in the first instance, be referred to the nawaub, and in the event of the complainant not receiv

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ing speedy justice, or being dissatisfied with the nawaub's decision, the Complaint shall be decided in the court of Adawlut.

7th. In compliance with the nawaub's request, allowances shall be granted to the undermentioned persons, to be continued so long as their Conduct shall be satisfactory to the government and the nawaub.

Ahmed Buksh, and Muhummud Sellah... 2000 Ditto.

8th. The rent-free lands, the daily and yearly pensions, and the jag. heers, shall be continued, if, upon a fair investigation, they shall appear to have been established previously to the death of Mozuffur Jung.

9th. This treaty, consisting of nine articles, having been settled and concluded at the city of Bareilly, on the 4th day of June, 1802, corresponding with the 3d day of suffer, 1217, Hejree, the honourable Henry Wellesley, lieutenant-governor of the ceded provinces in Oude, has delivered to the nawaub, Imdaud Hoossein Khan Naser Jung Behauder, a copy of the same in English and Persian, under his seal and signature; and the said nawaub has delivered to the honourable Henry Wellesley, lieutenant-governor of the ceded provinces, another copy of the same, under his seal and signature; the honourable Henry Welles ley engages to procure, within the space of thirty days, a ratification of the treaty, under the seal and signature of his excellency the most noble the governor-general,

No immediate pecuniary gain arose to the company by this treaty; the full amount of the balance of revenue of the state of Furruckabad, after paying the necessary expenses of collection, subsidy, and pensions, being settled in perpetuity on the nawaub; therefore any contingent benefit could only arise from an improved administration of the affairs of the country. But the political advantages obtained were of vast importance, in the accomplishment of those salutary views, adapted for the preservation of tranquillity in the ceded provinces; the comfort and happiness of the people of Furruckabad, and the resources of that country, being placed at the disposal of the company, by possessing the entire sovereignty, in case of invasion by a foreign enemy.

The nawaub departed from Bareilly, perfectly satisfied with having exchanged