Mr. LONGING. I believe he was elected by standing vote, or a vote of "The ayes have it and it is so ordered."

Mr. ADLERMAN. Were you aware of difficulties within the local at any of the meetings? Did any of the members object to the practices that were being followed by the officers of the union?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir. There was numerous occasions when members of that local union would get on the floor and object to something, and then they would be penalized or they wouldn't be permitted to work.

Mr. ADLERMAN. Do you recall any specific instances of such a nature?

Mr. LONGING. Well, I know some people in that local union that hasn't worked in 4 and 5 years.

Mr. ADLERMAN. Why?

Mr. LONGING. Because they opposed Earl Griffin.

Mr. ADLERMAN. Will you name them?

Mr.LONGING. Well, Abe Allen is one. My father-in-law is two.
Mr. ADLERMAN. What was his name?

Mr. LONGING. Hardin.

The CHAIRMAN. Give his initials.

Mr. LONGING. E. M. Hardin.

Mr. ADLERMAN. Is there anyone else you can remember?

Mr. LONGING. Not right offhand.

Mr. ADLERMAN. Do you recall a Mr. Terry?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

Mr. ADLERMAN. Did Mr. Terry have any difficulty?

Mr. LONGING. I couldn't say personally about his work, how much work he got, but I do know that he opposed on the floor the local union about the finances. I couldn't be sure. I will make this statement: I couldn't be sure whether it was Mr. Terry or not, but I later heard, or I might have heard it with my own ears, that he opposed the financial reports on the local union and he was told that it "wasn't none of his damn business."

The CHAIRMAN. Why did you quit local 706?

Mr. LONGING. I was offered-I was working on construction at the Crossett Paper Co. out of local 706, and the head maintenance supervisor approached me one day and asked me if I would be interested in a regular job with the Crossett Paper Co., and I figured it was an excellent opportunity to get out of this and make my family livelihood in one place instead of traveling all over the country.

The CHAIRMAN. You weren't dissatisfied with the operation of the local?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir; I was.

The CHAIRMAN. You were?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Why had you gone along with them? Did you go along with the officers of local 706 for a period of time?

Mr. LONGING. I did for a long time, Senator; yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Why?

Mr. LONGING. Because I knew if I opposed them in any way, it would be held against me, and I wouldn't get the work.

The CHAIRMAN. Did you find that a number of others, possibly, went along for the same reason and tried to not offend the officers or oppose them?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. That particularly applies to Mr. Griffin, Earl Griffin?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. When you got a chance to get out where you thought you could get regular employment, you quit?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You are still a member of the union?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir; the International Association of Machinists. The CHAIRMAN. You joined it since you went to work at Crossett? Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You are not now testifying as someone who is disgruntled with that union?

Mr. LONGING. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You are out of that union and you are satisfied with your work?

Mr. LONGING. I maintain a withdrawal card in 706.

The CHAIRMAN. You have a withdrawal card, but you do not pay dues to it?

Mr. LONGING. No, sir. It is an inactive book and I pay $5 a year.
The CHAIRMAN. So you do retain that relationship?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. But you are not now dependent upon the favors of those officers for employment?

Mr. LONGING. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. You are in another union, another job and another character of work?

Mr. LONGING. That is correct.

The CHAIRMAN. Is there anything else?

Mr. ADLERMAN. I have no further questions.

Mr. DUFFY. Do you remember any conversations on the floor that Mr. Griffin made which you thought were improper at any time? Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

Mr. DUFFY. Would you tell the committee about that?

Mr. LONGING. I heard Mr. Griffin state one night on the floor

The CHAIRMAN. At a union meeting?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir. I would say there was approximately 300 members in attendance. As I recall it, it was close to election time, or maybe it was right before he put his brother in there as business agent. Mr. DUFFY. What year would that have been, 1955?

Mr. LONGING. No; I believe it was in 1957. I couldn't be sure about that; 1956 or 1957.

Mr. DUFFY, Mr. Earl Griffin became an international organizer in 1955 and his brother took over to some degree prior to that time. Mr. LONGING. Well, it could have been. I couldn't be sure on the date.

Mr. DUFFY. Just tell us what happened.

Mr. LONGING. He got on the floor and stated to the membership that if that local union and its membership didn't do what he wanted to do, or went along with his line of thinking, that he would withdraw the jurisdiction of local 706 to the city limits of El Dorado.

The CHAIRMAN. What would that mean, if he withdrew the jurisdiction? That was after he became an international officer and had some authority in the international organization?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir. He had the authority-I am not sure whether he was over Arkansas at that time, but he told different local unions in the State where their jurisdictions would fall.

The CHAIRMAN. He set the jurisdiction of the different locals? Mr. LONGING. That is right; yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. He was kind of the arbiter, then, of jurisdiction areas as between the different locals?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. What would it have meant had he withdrawn the jurisdiction of local 706 only to El Dorado?

Mr. LONGING. That would mean, Senator, that within the city limits of El Dorado, drawing it out as a square, that would be the only place that we could work in the population of a town of about 30,000.

The CHAIRMAN. In other words, the members of local 706 would not be entitled to work in any other town in the vicinity or any other project in the vicinity but would be confined only to the city limits of El Dorado, and thus other locals, like 155 of Little Rock and 665 of Pine Bluff or some other local, would have jurisdiction of those projects and the members of 706 wouldn't get to work at them?

Mr. LONGING. That is right, Senator.

The CHAIRMAN. That was the threat he made?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Did that seem to be effective in keeping the membership pretty well corraled?

Mr. LONGING. Well, Senator, I will say this: I have seen important issues come up on the floor, and the men were I can't hardly explain it in a way that you could understand it, but they were so scared to oppose him that I have seen important issues come up for a vote on the floor and when it came time to vote they would get up in their chairs and peep around to see if they were getting up on the right side. The CHAIRMAN. They wanted to be sure they didn't make any mistakes?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir; that is correct.

Senator ERVIN. I believe it was a great resident of Arkansas, Albert Pike, who said the whole world is just a few days ahead of starvation. The Lord made it that way to keep us busy and to keep us out of devilment.

Whether he is absolutely accurate in that, most members of local 706, like most other human beings, have to work for a living, don't they?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir; that is correct.

Senator ERVIN. Particularly those who are married, and by reason of their marriage, as the old expression is, have given hostages to fortune, they are compelled to do everything they can within reason to retain any work they have access to; is that correct?

Mr. LONGING. Yes, sir; that is true.

Senator ERVIN. So when Mr. Griffin made the statements and threats of the nature of that which you have described, it necessarily had a tremendous coercive power over those who were compelled, the members of that union who were compelled, to work for a livelihood for themselves and their families?

Mr. LONGING. It certainly did.

Senator ERVIN. When you got this opportunity to go to work for the Crossett Paper Co., you welcomed the opportunity to take a job there for two reasons. The first was that it enabled you to work at one place and thereby to stay at your home, and the other was that it gave you an opportunity to escape from the coercive power that was being exerted over the members of local 706 by Griffin.

Mr. LONGING. That is right, sir. I told my family when I accepted that job down there that I was thankful to be out of it and I hoped it would be my last day to ever make a living out of the United Association.

Senator ERVIN. In other words, while you, in common with other members of 706, had to tolerate the conditions under which Earl Griffin operated, those conditions did not meet with your approval, and you welcomed an opportunity whereby you could earn a living for yourself and your family without having to submit yourself to him further?

Mr. LONGING. That is right, sir.

Mr. DUFFY. At another general membership meeting, were there any remarks about inadequacy of financial reports that were being furnished to the membership? Did Mr. Griffin make any remarks along that line that you can recall?

Mr. LONGING. Mr. Duffy, I don't recall, but I can say this: That the local union had a finance committee composed of three men, and they were supposed to give a financial report on the local union once a month.

I can truthfully say that during my membership there I don't believe I ever heard two or three financial reports that were up to date. They were generally 3 or 4 months behind.

Mr. DUFFY. Did you attend all the meetings?

Mr. LONGING. Not all of them; no, sir. But I have seen financial reports that were as high as 4 months behind.

Mr. DUFFY. That is all.

The CHAIRMAN. What did the reports contain? Did they really give you any information of any value?

Mr. LONGING. Senator, I never was on the inside where I could, you might say, examine, but those reports were in large figures and jumbled up. It was something that a rank and file member just couldn't understand when it was read off to them.

The CHAIRMAN. There was never any document passed out showing a statement, a financial statement, made available to the members? Mr. LONGING. No, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. It was just read off at a meeting?

Mr. LONGING. That is right. I recall one instance, I believe about 4 years ago, and it was the first time that I had found out in a local union meeting what the union was worth. They gave a financial report and I believe this is correct, that they said we had $196,000 in several different funds, which was the organizing fund, the general fund and the building fund, and also we had, I believe it was, a $20,000 bond. But as I understand it now-of course, I don't know, but that was 4 years ago, and now the local union is practically broke, as I understand.

The CHAIRMAN. Is there anything further?
If not, Mr. Longing, thank you very much.

Mr. LONGING. Am I dismissed, Senator, and can I catch my plane? The CHAIRMAN. Yes. You may catch your plane.

We are glad to have had you present.

TESTIMONY OF LAVERN J. DUFFY-Resumed

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Duffy, you have been previously sworn. Any evidence you have or records pertaining to this election, you may now present the election that is alleged to have been rigged.

Mr. DUFFY. Senator, we originally heard some allegations that the election held in December 1955 for the officers of local 798 in Tulsa, Okla., was to some degree rigged. So we looked into the allegation. First I went to Tulsa, Okla., to look at their records. I found a list of people that were declared eligible to vote in that election, the 1955 election. So I took that listing and I got the worksheets in the international union of all the membership of local 706 for 2 months prior to December 1955 to compare the two rosters.

I found that approximately 40 men that were now on the rolls, declared eligible to vote in the 798 election in December 1955, 2 months prior to that time, were on the rolls of local 706. So I had all their history sheets pulled in the international union on these 40 mẹn.

The international keeps a record of every man in the union. When he transfers out of one local into another local, that notation is put on a history sheet of his. So every time a man goes from one local to another local there is a record of that.

So I pulled out the history sheets of these 40 individuals. Senator, I made an exhibit of that, giving the names and book numbers of all of these 40 people.

The CHAIRMAN. You made a list from the records?

Mr. DUFFY. From the records that I examined in the international union. I also pulled out and made photostatic copies of all the history sheets of these 40 individuals.

The CHAIRMAN. Is this the compilation of your search of the records?

Mr. DUFFY. It is, Senator.

The CHAIRMAN. This compilation of the statement now presented by the witness, Mr. Duffy, may be printed in the record at this point as a part of the record and as part of his testimony.

Copies of the history sheets that Mr. Duffy has available may be made exhibit No. 23 for reference. They are, as I understand it, supporting documents to the summary or compilation that you have made; is that correct?

Mr. DUFFY. That is correct, Senator.

The CHAIRMAN. The compilation may be printed in the record and the other sheets may be made exhibit No. 23 for reference.

(The documents referred to were marked "Exhibit No. 23" for reference and may be found in the files of the subcommittee.) (The compilation referred to follows:)

Records of the general offices of the United Association of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipe Fitters Industry of the United States and Canada disclose that the men listed below, on November 30, 1955, cleared out of local 706, El Dorado, Ark., and into local 798, Tulsa, Okla.

Approximately 1 month later, on December 31, 1955, these same men cleared out of local 798, and most of them went back into local 706. The election of officers of local 798 occurred on December 11, 1955.