In Place of the Forest: Environmental and Socio-economic Transformation in Borneo and the Eastern Malay PeninsulaUnited Nations University Press, 1995 - 310페이지 This book describes the course of the modern transformation of Borneo and the eastern side of the Malay Peninsula, an area considered to be "environmentally critical" because of the massive deforestation that has taken place since the 1960s. The book begins with a description of the natural environment and its dynamics, and then reviews the considerable changes that occurred before the modern period. Against this background, the authors examine the changes since World War II and, in the course of several chapters, analyse the question of possible environmental endangerment in relation to the timber-based industries, bio-diversity, transmigrants and other settlers, the indigenous shifting cultivators, possible consequences of deforestation for global warming, and the townspeople who now form a significant part of the population. Drought and fire, and the creation of grasslands are also topics of discussion. The conclusions are mixed, and indicate that the greatest dangers arise from national policies that continue to treat this region as a"resource frontier" despite the growing resource scarcity. |
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agricultural alang-alang areas Balikpapan Banjarese Banjarmasin Borneo Brookfield Brunei cent Central Kalimantan century chapter Chinese climatic coast coastal countries criticality crops Dayak decline deforestation degradation dipterocarp drought Dutch East Kalimantan eastern economic El Niño environment environmental erosion especially estates estimated exports fallow farmers farming FELDA fire forest forestry global Government of Malaysia grass grassland growth Hulu Sungai immigrants Imperata important income Indonesia inland Java Javanese Kali km² Kota Kinabalu Kuala Kuching Kutai labour land Lian logging Madurese major Malay mantan Melawi million Niño Orang Asli Padoch Peninsula period plantation planted plywood Pontianak population Potter poverty problem production rainfall recent region remain Riam Kiwa rice rivers rubber rural Sabah Samarinda Sarawak sawah sawmills settlement settlers shifting cultivation soil South Kalimantan South-East Asia Sumatra Sundaland sustainable swamp swidden timber industry tion transmigration trees tropical deforestation upland urban valley villages West western
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272 페이지 - Houghton, RA, Boone, RD, Melillo, JM, Palm, CA, Woodwell, GM, Myers, N., Moore, B. and Skole, DL (1985): Net flux of carbon dioxide from tropical forests in 1980. Nature, 316, 617-620.
143 페이지 - The vital role of all types of forests in maintaining the ecological processes and balance at the local, national, regional and global levels through, inter alia, their role in protecting fragile ecosystems, watersheds and freshwater resources and as rich storehouses of biodiversity and biological resources and sources of genetic material for biotechnology products, as well as photosynthesis, should be recognized.