$5,000,000 for the fiscal year 1983.407 Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(c) Assistance under this section shall be provided in accordance with the policies and utilizing the general authorities provided in section 491.

Sec. 495J.408 Lebanon Emergency Relief, Rehabilitation, and Reconstruction Assistance.-(a) The Congress recognizes that prompt United States assistance is necessary to alleviate the human suffering and resettlement needs of the innocent victims of recent strife in Lebanon. Therefore, the President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction needs of such victims. Assistance provided under this section shall emphasize the provision of food, medicine, clothing, shelter, and water supply systems, and similar efforts to ameliorate the suffering of the people in Lebanon.

(b) In addition to amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there is authorized to be appropriated to the President $50,000,000 to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are authorized to remain available until expended.

(c) Assistance under this section shall be furnished in accordance with the policies and general authorities contained in section 491. Sec. 495K.409 African Famine Assistance.

(d) AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.-The President is authorized to provide assistance for famine relief, rehabilitation, and recovery in Africa. Assistance under this section shall be provided for humanitarian purposes and shall be provided on a grant basis. Such assistance shall include

(1) relief, rehabilitation, and recovery projects to benefit the poorest people, including the furnishing of seeds for planting,

407 FA Appropriations, 1982, provided that out of the $473 million in funds for migration and refugee assistance during fiscal year 1982, "$5,000,000 of this amount shall be used for assistance for persons displaced by strife in El Salvador as provided in H.R. 3566 as reported May 19, 1981." Under the provisions of the Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 1983 (Public Law 97377), which continued funding for foreign assistance at the rates and under the terms and conditions provided in the FA Appropriations Act, 1982, with exceptions, no prior year earmarking of funds under the "Migration and Refugee Assistance" account would apply.

408 22 U.S.C. 2292p. Sec. 495J was added by Public Law 97-208, 96 Stat. 138. The Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1982 (Public Law 97-257, 96 Stat. 818 at 833) included the following:

"LEBANON EMERGENCY RELIEF

44 (TRANSFER OF FUNDS)

"For expenses necessary to carry out the provisions of section 495J of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, $50,000,000 which shall be derived by transfer from the Department of State, 'Migration and Refugee Assistance', to remain available until expended: Provided, That of such amount not less than $10,000,000 shall be available only for the America University of Beirut." 409 22 U.S.C. 2292q. Sec. 495K was added by sec. 2 of the African Relief and Recovery Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-8, 99 Stat. 21).

The Urgent Supplemental Appropriations, 1985-African Famine Relief (Public Law 99-10, 99 Stat. 27), provided the following amount:

"For an additional amount for international disaster assistance, $137,500,000 for emergency relief and recovery assistance for Africa, to be available only for such purpose and to remain available until March 31, 1986 Provided, That the Committee on Appropriations of each House of Congress is notified five days in advance of the obligation of any funds made available under this paragraph, unless the emergency is life threatening and immediate action is necessary.

"OPERATING EXPENSES

"Of the amount appropriated in this Act for 'International disaster' assistance, $2,500,000 shall be transferred to 'Operating expenses of the Agency for International Development' to be used for monitoring food and disaster assistance in Africa."

fertilizer, pesticides, farm implements, farm animals and vaccine and veterinary services to protect livestock upon which people depend, blankets, clothing, and shelter, disease prevention and health care projects, water projects (including water purification and well-drilling), small-scale agricultural projects, and food protection and preservation projects; and

(2) projects to meet emergency health needs, including vacci

nations.

(b) USES OF FUNDS.

(1) PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS.-Funds authorized to be appropriated by this section shall be used primarily for grants to private and voluntary organizations and international organizations.

(2) EMERGENCY HEALTH PROJECTS.-A significant portion of the funds authorized to be appropriated by this section shall be used for emergency health projects pursuant to subsection (a)(2).

(3) MANAGEMENT SUPPORT ACTIVITIES.-Of the amount authorized to be appropriated by this section, $2,500,000 shall be transferred to the "Operating Expenses of the Agency for International Development" account. These funds shall be used for management support activities associated with the planning, monitoring, and supervision of emergency food and disaster assistance provided in those countries in Africa described in section 5(a) of the African Famine Relief and Recovery Act of 1985.

(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.-In addition to the amounts otherwise available for such purpose, there are authorized to be appropriated $137,500,000 for the fiscal year 1985 for use in providing assistance under this section.

(d) POLICIES AND AUTHORITIES TO BE APPLIED.-Assistance under this section shall be furnished in accordance with the policies and general authorities contained in section 491.

Chapter 10-Assistance to Portugal and Portuguese Colonies in Africa Gaining Independence-* * * [Repealed-1985] 410

Sec. 496.410 Assistance to Portugal and Portuguese Colonies in Africa Gaining Independence.-*** [Repealed-1985]

Sec. 497.411 Balance of Payments Loan for Portugal.[Repealed-1985]

410 Chapter 10 (sec. 496), as added by sec. 53 of the FA Act of 1974, was repealed by sec. 1211(a)4) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 279).

411 22 U.S.C. 2294. Sec. 497, as added by sec. 4 of the International Security Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-92, 91 Stat. 614), was repealed by sec. 1211(a)(4) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 279).

PART II

Chapter 1-Policy 412

Sec. 501.413 Statement of Policy.-The Congress of the United States reaffirms the policy of the United States to achieve international peace and security through the United Nations so that armed force shall not be used except for individual or collective self-defense. The Congress hereby finds that the efforts of the United States and other friendly countries to promote peace and security continue to require measures of support based upon the principle of effective self-help and mutual aid. It is the purpose of this part to authorize measures in the common defense against internal and external aggression, including the furnishing of military assistance, upon request, to friendly countries and international organizations. In furnishing such military assistance, it remains the policy of the United States to continue to exert maximum efforts to achieve universal control of weapons of mass destruction and universal regulation and reduction of armaments, including armed forces, under adequate safeguards to protect complying countries against violation and invasion.

The Congress recognizes that the peace of the world and the security of the United States are endangered so long as international communism and the countries it controls continue by threat of military action, by the use of economic pressure, and by internal subversion, or other means to attempt to bring under their domination peoples now free and independent and continue to deny the rights of freedom and self-government to peoples and countries once free but now subject to such domination.

It is the sense of the Congress that an important contribution toward peace would be made by the establishment under the Organization of American States of an international military force.

In enacting this legislation, it is therefore the intention of the Congress to promote the peace of the world and the foreign policy, security, and general welfare of the United States by fostering an improved climate of political independence and individual liberty, improving the ability of friendly countries and international organizations to deter or, if necessary, defeat Communist or Communist-supported aggression, facilitating arrangements for individual and collective security, assisting friendly countries to maintain internal security, and creating an environment of security and stability in the developing friendly countries essential to their more rapid social, economic, and political progress. The Congress urges that all other countries able to contribute join in a common undertaking to meet the goals stated in this part.

It is the sense of the Congress that in the administration of this part priority shall be given to the needs of those countries in danger of becoming victims of active Communist or Communistsupported aggression or those countries in which the internal secu

412 Sec. 201(a) of the FA Act of 1963 struck out the words "SHORT TITLE AND" in the chapter heading which formerly read "Short Title and Policy".

413 22 U.S.C. 2301. Former sec. 502 was designated sec. 501 by sec. 201(a)(1) of the FA Act of 1967. Former sec. 501, which related to the short title, was repealed by sec. 201(b) of the FA Act of 1963.

rity is threatened by Communist-inspired or Communist-supported internal subversion.414

Finally, the Congress reaffirms its full support of the progress of the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization toward increased cooperation in political, military, and economic affairs. In particular, the Congress welcomes the steps which have been taken to promote multilateral programs of coordinated procurement, research, development, and production of defense articles and urges that such programs be expanded to the fullest extent possible to further the defense of the North Atlantic area.

Sec. 502.415 Utilization of Defense Articles and Services.-Defense articles and defense services 416 to any country shall be furnished solely for internal security, for legitimate self-defense, to permit the recipient country to participate in regional or collective arrangements or measures consistent with the Charter of the United Nations, or otherwise to permit the recipient country to participate in collective measures requested by the United Nations for the purpose of maintaining or restoring international peace and security,417 or for the purpose of assisting foreign military forces in less developed friendly countries (or the voluntary efforts of personnel of the Armed Forces of the United States in such countries) to construct public works and to engage in other activities helpful to the economic and social development of such friendly countries. It is the sense of the Congress that such foreign military forces should not be maintained or established solely for civic action activities and that such civic action activities not significantly detract from the capability of the military forces to perform their military missions and be coordinated with and form part of the total economic and social development effort.

Sec. 502A.418 Excess Defense Articles.-Excess defense articles shall be provided whenever possible rather than providing such articles by the procurement of new items.

414 This paragraph was added by sec. 201(a)(2) of the FA Act of 1967.

415 22 U.S.C. 2302. Former subsec. (a) of sec. 505 was redesignated sec. 502 by sec. 201(d)(1) of the FA Act of 1967.

416 The words to this point were substituted for "UTILIZATION OF ASSISTANCE.-(a) Military assistance" by sec. 201(d)(2) of the FA Act of 1967.

417 Sec. 201(c)(1) of the FA Act of 1965 struck out a colon and added the remainder of this section from this point.

418 22 U.S.C. 2303. Sec. 502A was added by sec. 12(a) of the FA Act of 1973.

Sec. 502B.419 Human Rights.-(a)(1) 420 The United States shall, in accordance with its international obligations as set forth in the Charter of the United Nations and in keeping with the constitutional heritage and traditions of the United States, promote and encourage increased respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms throughout the world without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion. Accordingly, a principal goal of the foreign policy of the United States shall be to promote the increased observance of internationally recognized human rights by all countries.

(2) 421 Except under circumstances specified in this section, no security assistance may be provided to any country the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights. Security assistance may not be provided to the police, domestic intelligence, or similar law enforcement forces of a country, and licenses may not be issued under the Export Administration Act of 1979 422 for the export of crime control and detection instruments and equipment to a country, the government of which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights unless the President certifies in writing to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the chairman of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate (when licenses are to be issued pursuant to the Export Administration Act of 1979), that ex

419 22 U.S.C. 2304. Sec. 502B, which was added by sec. 46 of the FA Act of 1974, was amended by sec. 301(a) of the International Security Assistance and Arms Export Control Act of 1976 (Public Law 94-329, 90 Stat. 748), and by the Export Administration Amendments Act of 1985 (Public Law 99-64, 99 Stat. 156.) It formerly read as follows:

"SEC. 502B. HUMAN RIGHTS.-It is the sense of Congress that except in extraordinary circumstances, the President shall substantially reduce or terminate security assistance to any government which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, including torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; prolonged detention without charges; or other flagrant denials of the right to life, liberty, and the security of the person.

"(b) Whenever proposing or furnishing security assistance to any government falling within the provisions of paragraph (a), the President shall advise the Congress of the extraordinary circumstances necessitating the assistance.

"(c) In determining whether or not a government falls within the provisions of subsection (a), consideration shall be given to the extent of cooperation by such government in permitting an unimpeded investigation of alleged violations of internationally recognized human rights by appropriate international organizations, including the International Committee of the Red Cross and anybody acting under the authority of the United Nations or of the Organization of American States.

"(d) For purposes of this section, 'security assistance' means assistance under chapter 2 (military assistance) or chapter 4 (security supporting assistance) of this part, assistance under part V (Indochina Postwar Reconstruction) or part VI (Middle East Peace) of this Act, sales under the Foreign Military Sales Act, or assistance for public safety under this or any other Act." The Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100-461, 102 Stat. 2268) provided the following:

"HUMAN RIGHTS

"SEC. 511. Funds appropriated by this Act may not be obligated or expended to provide assistance to any country for the purpose of aiding the efforts of the government of such country to repress the legitimate rights of the population of such country contrary to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.'

420 Par. (1) was amended and restated by sec. 6(a) of the International Security Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-384, 92 Stat. 731).

421 The words "It is further the policy of the United States that," which previously appeared at this point, were struck by sec. 6(b) of the International Security Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-384, 92 Stat. 731).

422 The reference to the Export Administration Act of 1979 was substituted in lieu of a reference to the Export Administration Act of 1969 by sec. 704 of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96-533, 94 Stat. 3157).