(A) be based upon careful analysis of the alternatives available to achieve the best sustainable use of the land, and

(B) take full account of the environmental impacts of the proposed activities on biological diversity,

as provided for in the environmental procedures of the Agency for International Development.

(14) Deny assistance under this chapter for—

(A) the procurement or use of logging equipment, unless an environmental assessment indicates that all timber harvesting operations involved will be conducted in an environmentally sound manner which minimizes forest destruction and that the proposed activity will produce positive economic benefits and sustainable forest management systems; and

(B) actions which significantly degrade national parks or similar protected areas which contain tropical forests or introduce exotic plants or animals into such areas.

(15) Deny assistance under this chapter for the following activities unless an environmental assessment indicates that the proposed activity will contribute significantly and directly to improving the livelihood of the rural poor and will be conducted in an environmentally sound manner which supports sustainable development:

(A) Activities which would result in the conversion of forest lands to the rearing of livestock.

(B) The construction, upgrading, or maintenance of roads (including temporary haul roads for logging or other extractive industries) which pass through relatively undegraded forest lands.

(C) The colonization of forest lands.

(D) The construction of dams or other water control structures which flood relatively undegraded forest lands. (d) PVOS AND OTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.Whenever feasible, the President shall accomplish the objectives of this section through projects managed by private and voluntary organizations or international, regional, or national nongovernmental organizations which are active in the region or country where the project is located.

(e) COUNTRY ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS.-Each country development strategy statement or other country plan prepared by the Agency for International Development shall include an analysis of

(1) the actions necessary in that country to achieve conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests, and

(2) the extent to which the actions proposed for support by the Agency meet the needs thus identified.

(f) ANNUAL REPORT.-Each annual report required by section 634(a) of this Act shall include a report on the implementation of this section.

Sec. 119.67 Renewable and Unconventional Energy Technologies. [Repealed-1980]

Sec. 119.68 Endangered Species.-(a) The Congress finds the survival of many animal and plant species is endangered by overhunting, by the presence of toxic chemicals in water, air and soil, and by the destruction of habitats. The Congress further finds that the extinction of animal and plant species is an irreparable loss with potentially serious environmental and economic consequences for developing and developed countries alike. Accordingly, the preservation of animal and plant species through the regulation of the hunting and trade in endangered species, through limitations on the pollution of natural ecosystems, and through the protection of wildlife habitats should be an important objective of the United States development assistance.

(b) In order to preserve biological diversity, the President is authorized to furnish assistance under this part to assist countries in protecting and maintaining wildlife habitats and in developing sound wildlife management and plant conservation programs. Special efforts should be made to establish and maintain wildlife sanctuaries, reserves, and parks; to enact and enforce anti- poaching measures; and to identify, study, and catalog animal and plant species, especially in tropical environments.

(c) FUNDING LEVEL.-For fiscal year 1987, not less than $2,500,000 of the funds available to carry out this part (excluding funds made available to carry out section 104(c)(2), relating to the Child Survival Fund) shall be allocated for assistance pursuant to subsection (b) for activities which were not funded prior to fiscal year 1987. In addition, the Agency for International Development shall, to the fullest extent possible, continue and increase assistance pursuant to subsection (b) for activities for which assistance was provided in fiscal years prior to fiscal year 1987.

(d) COUNTRY ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS.-Each country development strategy statement or other country plan prepared by the Agency for International Development shall include an analysis of

(1) the actions necessary in that country to conserve biological diversity, and

(2) the extent to which the actions proposed for support by the Agency meet the needs thus identified.

(e) LOCAL INVOLVEMENT.-To the fullest extent possible, projects supported under this section shall include close consultation with and involvement of local people at all stages of design and implementation.

(f) PVOS AND OTHER NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.— Whenever feasible, the objectives of this section shall be accomplished through projects managed by appropriate private and vol

67 Sec. 119, which had been added by Public Law 95-88 (91 Stat. 528) and amended by sec. 111 of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 948) and by sec. 107 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (93 Stat. 362), was repealed by sec. 304(g) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1980 (Public Law 96533, 94 Stat. 3147). See sec. 106 of this Act for text concerning energy technologies.

68 22 U.S.C. 2151q. Sec. 119, pars. (a) and (b) were added by sec. 702 of the International Environment Protection Act of 1983 (title VII of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985, Public Law 98-164, 97 Stat. 1045). Pars. (c) through (h) were added by sec. 302 of Public Law 99-529 (100 Stat. 3017).

untary organizations, or international, regional, or national nongovernmental organizations, which are active in the region or country where the project is located.

(g) ACTIONS BY AID.-The Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall

(1) cooperate with appropriate international organizations, both governmental and nongovernmental;

(2) look to the World Conservation Strategy as an overall guide for actions to conserve biological diversity;

(3) engage in dialogues and exchanges of information with recipient countries which stress the importance of conserving biological diversity for the long-term economic benefit of those countries and which identify and focus on policies of those countries which directly or indirectly contribute to loss of biological diversity;

(4) support training and education efforts which improve the capacity of recipient countries to prevent loss of biological diversity;

(5) whenever possible, enter into long-term agreements in which the recipient country agrees to protect ecosystems or other wildlife habitats recommended for protection by relevant governmental or nongovernmental organizations or as a result of activities undertaken pursuant to paragraph (6), and the United States agrees to provide, subject to obtaining the necessary appropriations, additional assistance necessary for the establishment and maintenance of such protected areas;

(6) support, as necessary and in cooperation with the appropriate governmental and nongovernmental organizations, efforts to identify and survey ecosystems in recipient countries worthy of protection;

(7) cooperate with and support the relevant efforts of other agencies of the United States Government, including the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Park Service, the Forest Service, and the Peace Corps;

(8) review the Agency's environmental regulations and revise them as necessary to ensure that ongoing and proposed actions by the Agency do not inadvertently endanger wildlife species or their critical habitats, harm protected areas, or have other adverse impacts on biological diversity (and shall report to the Congress within a year after the date of enactment of this paragraph on the actions taken pursuant to this paragraph);

(9) ensure that environmental profiles sponsored by the Agency include information needed for conservation of biological diversity; and

(10) deny any direct or indirect assistance under this chapter for actions which significantly degrade national parks or similar protected areas or introduce exotic plants or animals into such areas.

(h) ANNUAL REPORTS.-Each annual report required by section 634(a) of this Act shall include, in a separate volume, a report on the implementation of this section.

Sec. 120.69 Sahel Development Program-Planning.-(a) The Congress reaffirms its support of 69 the initiative of the United States Government in undertaking consultations and planning with the countries concerned, and with other nations providing assistance, with the United Nations, and with other concerned international and regional organizations, toward the development and support of a comprehensive long-term African Sahel development program.

(b) 70 The President is authorized to develop a long-term comprehensive development program for the Sahel and other droughtstricken nations in Africa.

(c) 70 In developing this long-term program, the President shall(1) consider international coordination for the planning and implementation of such program;

(2) seek greater participation and support by African countries and organizations in determining development priorities; and

(3) begin such planning immediately.
[Repealed-1978]

(d) 70**

Sec. 121.71 Sahel Development Program-Implementation.—(a) The President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, for the long-term development of the Sahelian region. Assistance furnished under this section shall be in accordance with a long-term, multidonor development plan which calls for equitable burden sharing with other donors and shall be furnished, whenever appropriate, in cooperation with an international coordinating mechanism.

(b) The President shall prepare an annual report on the Sahel Development Program concerning the allocation of the United States contribution to the Program, the extent of the contributions from other donor countries, the effectiveness of the integrated effort through the Club des Amis du Sahel, and the progress made in achieving the objectives of the program.

(c) There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section beginning in the fiscal year 1978, in addition to funds otherwise available for such purposes, $200,000,000, except that not to exceed $50,000,000, may be appropriated under this section for the fiscal year 1978. In addition to the amount authorized in the preceding sentence and to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section $25,000,000.72 In addition to

69 22 U.S.C. 2151r. Sec. 120, originally added as sec. 639B of this Act by sec. 20 of the FA Act of 1973 and later redesignated as sec. 494B by sec. 101(5) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849), was again redesignated as sec. 120 by sec. 115(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88, 91 Stat. 539).

The title caption "Sahel Development Program-Planning" was inserted in lieu of "African Development Program" by sec. 115(2) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88, 91 Stat. 539).

The words in the first sentence of subsec. (a), "reaffirms its support of", were substituted in lieu of "supports" by sec. 101(7)(C) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849).

70 Subsecs. (b), (c), and (d) were added by sec. 101(7)D) of Public Law 94-161 (89 Stat. 849). Subsec. (d) was subsequently repealed by sec. 502(d)(1) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424, 92 Stat. 959).

71 22 U.S.C. 2151s. Sec. 121 was added by sec. 115(3) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977 (Public Law 95-88, 91 Stat. 539).

72 This sentence was added by sec. 108 of the International Development Cooperation Act of 1979 (Public Law 96-53, 93 Stat. 363).

the amounts authorized in the preceding sentences and to funds otherwise available for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President for purposes of this section $86,558,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $87,750,000 for the fiscal year 1987.73 Amounts appropriated under this section are authorized to remain available until expended.

(d) 74 Funds available to carry out this section (including foreign currencies acquired with funds appropriated to carry out this section) may not be made available to any foreign government for disbursement unless the Administrator of the Agency for International Development determines that the foreign government will maintain a system of accounts with respect to those funds which will provide adequate identification of and control over the receipt and expenditure of those funds.

(e) 75 Grants shall be made under this section to Sahel Development Program host governments in order to help them enhance their administrative capabilities to meet the administrative requirements resulting from donor country projects and activities.

Sec. 122.76 General Authorities.-(a) In order to carry out the purposes of this chapter, the President is authorized to furnish assistance, on such terms and conditions as he may determine, to countries and areas through programs of grant and loan assistance, bilaterally or through regional, multilateral, or private entities.

(b) The President is authorized to make loans payable as to principal and interest in United States dollars on such terms and conditions as he may determine, in order to promote the economic development of countries and areas, with emphasis upon assisting long range plans and programs designed to develop economic resources and increase productive capacities. The President shall determine the interest payable on any loan. In making loans under this chapter, the President shall consider the economic circumstances of the borrower and other relevant factors, including the capacity of the recipient country to repay the loan at a reasonable

73 The International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1985 (sec. 809(a), Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 263) provided the authorization for fiscal year 1986 and fiscal year 1987. The International Security and Development Assistance Authorization Act of 1983 (sec. 101(b)(2) of the Further Continuing Appropriations, 1984, Public Law 98-151, 97 Stat. 969) provided an authorization for the fiscal year 1984 of $103,000,000 to carry out sec. 121. An authorization for fiscal year 1985 was not enacted.

The authorizations for fiscal years 1982 and 1983 were $86,558,000 for each of the years and were added by sec. 308(a) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113, 95 Stat. 1535). This amendment replaced an authorization of $88,442,000 for fiscal year 1981, as added by sec. 306 of Public Law 96-533, 94 Stat. 363.

Congress did not enact an authorization for fiscal year 1989. Instead, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100-461, 102 Stat. 2268) waived the requirement for authorizations and appropriated the following:

"For necessary expenses to carry out the provisions of sections 103 through 106 and section 121 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, $500,000,000, for assistance only for Sub-Saharan Africa, which shall be in addition to any amounts otherwise made available for such purposes

Public Law 100-461 made no specific fiscal year 1989 appropriation for the "Sahel Development Program". Funding for the Sahel Development Program is subsumed in the general appropriation for sub-Saharan Africa.

74 Subsec. (d) was added by sec. 308(b) of the International Security and Development Cooperation Act of 1981 (Public Law 97-113, 95 Stat. 1535).

75 Subsec. (e) was added by sec. 809(b) of Public Law 99-83, 99 Stat. 264.

76 22 U.S.C. 2151t. Subsec. (a) of sec. 122 was added by sec. 102(a) of the International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-424, 92 Stat. 940). Sec. 102(b) of that same Act substantially amended subsecs. (b), (c), and (d) of sec. 201 of this Act, consolidating them into one subsec. (b), and then moving it to become subsec. (b) of sec. 122.