1 EDUCATION.-The State has one college, Brown ¦ in Boston, and the idiotic (5) at the " Massachusetts University, at Providence, founded in 1764. For | School for Idiotic Youth," in Boston. According statistics of this College see Table of Colleges, post, to the census of 1800, there were in the State 62 p. The Friends have a boarding-school of deaf and dumb, 85 blind, and 101 idiotic. high grade at Providence, in which instruction is given in most of the collegiate studies, but which does not confer degrees. There are also many academies and high schools of great reputation in the State. Public Schools.-The State has a permanent school fund of $243,100 12, actually invested, which yields an income of $14,442 per annum. The interest of the United States Deposit Fund, and the auctioneers' licenses, are also applied to the support of public schools, and the State grants annually the interest on these two funds, $19,996 86, for school purposes. The School Report for January, 1861, which is the latest published, gives the following items concerning the schools of the State. The annual appropriation from the State was $19,996 86; school tax raised by towns, $95,872 51; registry taxes, $11,538 59; rate-bills, $6,831 02; balance from previous year, $4,126 23; making the total resources for school purposes for the year $168,365 21, an increase of $5,678 03 on the previous year. The amount expended on school-houses was $34,727 38. The number of scholars in the summer schools was 24,726, a decrease of 850 from the previous year; the average attendance was 20,004, an increase of 1148 on the previous year; the number of scholars in the winter schools was 27,750, an increase of 874 on the previous year; and the average attendence was 21,691, more than one-eighth of the entire population, and an increase of 1494 on the average attendance of the previous year. The amount actually expended for instruction solely was $120,075 26. The number of male teachers in the summer schools was 100; female teachers, 470; the number of male teachers in the winter schools, 238; female teachers, 357. The average length of schools seems to have been about 8 months. The average wages of male and female teachers are not given for the State. In Providence and Newport, as well as in most of the other large towns in the State, the schools are thoroughly graded. There are two High Schools of Providence, one for each sex, which give a very thorough course of instruction in the higher studies. The Normal School was established at Providence in 1854. Joshua Kendall, A.M., is the Principal, and Miss Harriet W. Goodwin and Miss Ellen R. Luther, Assistants. The number of pupils in 1861 was 35, and the expenditure $1,944 20. The appropriation made in 1861 for the school was $2,404 68. The School has a library of about 2000 volumes. The Deaf and Dumb, Blind and Idiotic.-The sum of $3.772 18 was paid during the year ending April 30, 1862, for the instruction of the young of these classes. The deaf-mutes (15) are taught at the "American Asylum," Hartford, Connecticut, the blind (5) at the "Perkins Institution for the Blind," A portion of the indigent insane (28 in 1861) not accommodated at the Butler Hospital are supported by the State at the Insane Hospital at Brattleboro, Vermont. Providence Reform School.-Eleazar M. Cusbman, Superintendent. This school was opened in November, 1850. From that date to November 20, 1861, there had been committed to the school 884 (678 boys and 206 girls). The number in the school December 1, 1861, was 127 (85 boys and 42 girls); 71⁄2 hours of each day except Sunday are devoted to labor, 5 to school exercises, 21⁄2 to meals and recreation, 1 to religious exercises, and 8 to sleep. Their labor is employed in the manufacture of articles needed in the institution, and in house. work, in which the girls become well skilled. An arrangement is made by the State with this school by which all juvenile delinquents are sent to it. $9,046 70 was appropriated to it in 1861. Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence.-Dr. Isaac Ray, Superintendent. On the 31st December, 1860, there were in the hospital 127 patients; admitted during the year, 53 (25 males, 28 females); whole number during the year, 180; discharged during the year, 45 (23 males, 22 females), leaving in the hospital, December 31, 1861, 135 patients. Of those discharged, 22 had recovered, 5 were improved, 4 unimproved, and 14 died. The amount collected for board of the patients was $26,190 02, and the total receipts (the remainder being from the endowment funds of the hospital) about $31,000. The expenditures were about the same amount. The minimum price of board for patients is $3 per week. On the admission of private patients into the hospital, the treasurer requires from the friends an obligation signed by two responsible persons for the quarterly payment of the board and other expenses, furnishing suitable clothing, &c. The hospital can ac commodate about 150 patients. In 1861 the State made an appropriation of $8,455 51 to the hospital to aid in the expense of introducing a new heating-apparatus, and making other needed improve ments. It also appropriates $1500 annually in aid of the indigent insane who are sent there by the towns. Since the opening of the institution in 1848, 1015 have been admitted and 880 discharged, of whom 340 were recovered, 261 im proved, 70 unimproved, and 209 died. State Prison, Providence.-S. L. Blaisdell, Warden: salary, $1500. The number of prisoners on the 1st of January, 1861, was 67; committed to De cember 31, 1861, 39; whole number during the year, 106; average, 75. Discharged by expiration of sentence, 18; by pardon, 3; leaving in prison, December 31, 1861, 85. The prison is on the congregated or Auburn plan. It somewhat more than supports itself. The Providence Jail is occupied in part by the State as a penitentiary, for the punishment of minor offences,-an average of 63 prisoners being confined there at the suit of the State. Vital Statistics.-According to the eighth Registration report for the year ending December 31, 1860, prepared by Dr. Edward A. Crane, of Providence, under the direction of the Secretary of State, the number of births in the State was 4493 (males, 2263, females, 2212, sex unknown, 18); 2147 were of American parentage, 1987 foreign, and 312 mixed. Number of marriages, 1748, of which 1059 were between Americans, 530 between foreigners, and 159 between Americans and foreigners. Whole number of deaths, 2686 (1295 males, and 1391 females). Of these, 1629 were Americans and 1035 foreigners. The average age of all the deaths was 29.64 years,-of the males, 28.51 years, of the females, 30.70 years. Census Statistics.- Under the general tables of Census Statistics most of the particulars relative to the manufacturing industry and agriculture of Rhode Island will be found. Providence county, whose population is 107,799, has nearly 3 of the, whole number of inhabitants in the State. Like most of the New England States, the number of females is considerably in excess of the males,-in the white population the number of females being 6064 more than the males, and the colored females being 290 in excess of the males. The State is largely engaged in manufactures, producing $117,845 in value of agricultural implements! $1,068,825 of steam-engines and machinery; $336,600 of iron; $205,262 of printing; $1,138,086 of clothing; $172,174 of sawed and planed lumber; $515,699 of flour and meal; $12,258,657 of cotton goods; $6,599,280 of woollen goods; $80,897 of leather; $315,959 of boots and shoes: $246,700 of India-rubber goods; $217,472 of furniture; $3,006,678 of jewelry, silver-ware, &c.; $197,735 of illuminating gas; $107,332 of soap and candles; and $308,750 of products of the fisheries. Its aggregate annual manufacturing products were, in round numbers, $47,500,000; and, though the twentyninth State in population and the smallest in territory, it is tenth in rank in its products of industry, surpassing in that regard all the Southern States except Virginia, which it nearly equalled, and all the Western States except Ohio and Illi nois. THE VOLUNTEER ARMY.-No State sprang to arms with more promptness and alacrity on the call of the President, April 15, 1861, than Rhode Island. On the 18th of April, three days after the call, Tompkins's battery of light artillery left, completely mounted and equipped, for Washington, via Easton, Pennsylvania; on the 20th of the month, only five days after the call, the first detachment of the First regiment, under the command of Col. (now MajorGeneral) A. E. Burnside; and on the 24th the remainder of the regiment, accompanied by the Governor in person, embarked for Washington. The returns of the militia of the State for the year 1861 show 219 commissioned officers, and 2120 non-commissioned officers, musicians, privates, &c., belonging to the active militia, making in all 2339 active militia, and 17,944 enrolled militia. Of the active militia, 43 belong to the general staff, 77 to the cavalry, 423 to the artillery, 1574 to the infantry, and 222 to the riflemen. INDIANS.-A small remnant of the Narragansett tribe of Indians, containing, however, no fullblooded Indians and but few half-bloods, occupy some reservations in the town of Charlestown. They number about 200, and have in all about 900 acres of land; they do not generally cultivate their lands, but engage in other work, and for the most part live very comfortably. They have some funds invested, the income of which is applied to the support of the poor and infirm. They have a good stone church and a well-conducted school. Libraries.-The principal public libraries are the Atheneum, in Providence, which contains 25,000 volumes; Brown University, about 40,000; the Franklin Lyceum, 6000; Young Men's Christian Association, 5000. These are all in Providence. In Newport is the Redwood Library, containing 10,000 volumes. In Providence there are, besides, many large and valuable private libraries. The most important of these is the collection of Mr. John Carter Brown, of books relating to America, which embraces upwards of 5000 separate works, and is pronounced unequalled in this department in the world. The collection of the Hon. Albert C. Greene, in American poetry embraces upwards of 1200 volumes. There are in the State 22 Institutions for Savings, having deposits, at the close of the year 1861, to the amount of $9,282,879, belonging to 34,807 depositors. VI-CONNECTICUT. First settlement, 1633. Capitals, Hartford and New Haven. Area, 4674 square miles. Population, 1860, 460,147. Government for the year ending 1st Wednesday in May, 1863. ORGANIZATION OF THE MILITIA. Commander-in-Chief. His Excellency the Governor............ expenses. 1,000 and expenses. 920 200 $4 per day. $4 per day. Salary. ...$1,250 1,250 1,500 $85 per month and expenses. being entitled to two Representatives, and all organized since that time to but one. The number of members is not far from 250. The Commis sioner of the School Fund, the Superintendent of Common Schools, and the State Librarian, as well as the Trustees of the State Normal School and the State Reform School, are elected by the Legislature. JUDICIARY. one of the judges of the Supreme Court presides and is assisted by a judge of the Superior Court. Any judge may hold special terms of the Superior Court, but cannot at any special term try a cause without the consent of both parties. In civil cases the concurrence of nine jurors is sufficient for a verdict. The State's attorney for each county is appointed by the judges, who have power to remove him for causes. There is no distinct Court of Chancery in the State; but the Supreme Court has chancery jurisdiction. The State since 1855 has had no county courts. | judge, except for the trial of capital offences, when Nine judges are elected by the Legislature for a term of eight years, one of whom is also elected Chief Justice, and he, with three of the Associate Justices elected for that purpose, constitute the Supreme Court of Errors, which is the High Court of Appeal for the State. The other five Associate Justices elected by the Legislature are not members of the Supreme Court, but, în common with the Supreme Court judges, preside over the Superior Courts, which hold four terms annually in each county. Judges Sanford, Dutton, and Butler are now Associate Judges of the Supreme Court. Three of the four judges of the Supreme Court of Errors form a quorum for the transaction of business, and two terms of that court are held annually in each county. The terms of the Superior Court are held by one The following table gives a list of the State's attorneys in each county, and also of the clerks of the Superior Court, who are ex officio clerks of the Supreme Court when held in their respective counties. Items of Expenditure, for Current Expenses of the State Government. For General Assembly, Regular Session, $40,388 Paymaster-General $103,331 25,709 Arms purchased (Crowningshield acc't). 76,833 110,099 40,636 43,775 3,232 $2,148,257 STATE DEBT-Prior to May, 1861, the State had ho debt, but, on the contrary, had, besides her large school fund, a permanent general fund, amounting to $406,000, invested in bank-stocks of the banks of the State. The Legislature at its May session authorized the issue of $2,000,000 in bonds for war purposes, $800,000 of which were issued in July, These 1861, and $1,200,000 in January, 1862. bonds were sold at a premium of $5,958 29. A loan of $50,000 was made in 1860 from the School fund, and this at the close of the fiscal year 1861-2 had not been paid. The United States Government issued to the State of Connecticut, in part payment of its indebtedness to that State for advances made to volunteers, a certificate of indebtedness for $606,000 bearing interest at 6 per cent. The account, therefore, stood on the 1st of April, 1862, as follows: Debt... Against which the State had bankstocks..... $106,090 .$2,050,000 U. S. certificate of indebtedness.. 606,000 1,012,000 and a further amount due from the United States Government. The grand list on which the tax levy was based showed an assessed valuation of property in the State of $254,742,695; but, from the great variation practised in assessing the value of real and personal estate in different parts of the State, there can be no doubt that it is below the true valuation of the property of the State. The valuation of the Census of 1860, $444,274,114, is unquestionably much nearer the truth. BANKS AND SAVINGS-BANKS. The condition of the banks of the State (75 in number) was as follows on the 1st of January and 1st of April, 1862. $39,211,643 Real estate and other Specie Cash items................... Of the loans and discounts in April, 1862, $6,102,484 was loaned to parties out of the State. Savings-Banks.-There were in the State on the 1st of April, 1862, 45 savings-banks, besides 19 «Savings Banks and Building Associations," institutions now winding up under the law of the State. The 45 savings-banks proper had 88,373 depositors; the total amount of their deposits was $19,983,959 44., and they had invested in loans on real estate, $13.065,901 90; in loans on personal security, $1,209,632 68; in loans on stocks and bonds, $1,344,796 66, and owned bank-stocks to the amount of $1,404,198 16, railroad stocks and bonds, $939,501 05, and real estate and other securities to the value of $1,790,176 01. They had, besides, $516,031 73 cash on hand, making their entire assets $20,539,758 55, or $556,799 11 beyond their liabilities. The “Savings-Banks and Building Associations" had 3583 depositors; the amount of deposits was $692,752 83; amount of capital stock paid in, not stated; assets reported, $1,696,767 72. RAILROADS.-The following table shows the condition of the railroads of the State on the 1st of April, 1862. It may be observed that though by the laws of the State the railroads are held to a strict accountability, and required, as a condition April 1. $21,790,937 of their charter, to make full reports annually of 6,079.204 their condition, and to adhere rigidly to the regu 8,023,681 lations laid down by the Legislature for their control, yet the State has never taken any share in 3,317,821 their construction or loaned its credit to secure their bonds. $39,211,643 |