salvation to things indifferent-from the service of the heart to the service of the body.

And here we must remark, also, that Dr. Hampden's prescience of what was best for the Church to do, to accept or to reject, was shown, not merely in his anticipations of the Vestment Controversy, but by his foreseeing, as early as the year 1834, what it would be best for the Church to do with regard to Tests at Oxford, and the admission of Dissenters to the privileges of the Universities. Dr. Hampden would have opened wide the doors of the Colleges to all orthodox Dissenters, but would have resisted to the last any scheme which, under the cover of toleration, would secularize the Universities, and deprive religion of its paramount place in their government and teaching :

“I should be glad,” says he, " to see Dissenters appearing among us, as on neutral ground, on which we may forget, and learn together the arts of charity and peace. If persons of different communions are willing to conform to our discipline, and receive instruction from us, knowing that we are members of the Church of England and sincere teachers of its theological system, where can be the real objection to such a case ? There is no compromise of principle in this - no merging of peculiar opinions in a vague comprehension of religion-no silencing of what we conceive important differences of doctrine. If there is danger of proselytism to heterodoxy, the danger is more than counterbalanced by the probability of conformity to ourselves from the ranks of Dissent. As we believe ourselves to have truth on our side, so we believe that the ultimate ascendaucy must be to our own views.” • It is not surprising that when Dr. Musgrave was translated from the See of Hereford to the Archbishopric of York, one who filled so large a space in the public eye, of such distinguished ability, and of such liberal views, should be recommended by Lord John Russell to her Majesty to fill the vacant See. No sooner, however, was the appointment made known, than opposition, as harsh and acrimonious as that of 1836, arose against it. But, amidst trials and difficulties peculiarly harassing to one of so sensitive a nature, he derived comfort and consolation from many warm assurances of trust and sympathy and attachment. The Board of Heads of Houses at Oxford passed an Address to assure him that, having for several years enjoyed opportunities of learning the tenour of his public teaching, and hearing his discourses before the University, they were not only satisfied that his religious belief was sound, but they looked forward with confidence in his endeavours to preach the Gospel of Christ in its integrity. His fellow-citizens at Oxford sent him a similar address; and like expressions of confidence and kindness poured from all parts of the country, and even from America. Vol. 70.-No. 401.

2 X

It would be beyond our purpose to give a detailed account of his conduct in the high office to which he was thus called. He did not take any active part in the business of the House of Lords, or in the controversies of the day ; but pursued the even tenour of his administration in the quiet diocese which had been committed to him. In his confirmations he was very careful to divide parishes in such a manner that candidates should have no great distance to go, and he made it a point that they (especially the girls) should be taken home under good care. He was anxious, as might be expected, to foster education in the diocese, and he foresaw and (as far as he could) carried out the principle which has now obtained the consent of almost the entire body of the National Church, that while popular education must be founded upon the tenets of the Church of England, none be excluded on accountof their religious doctrines.

In his more general teaching, such as his Charges and addresses at the public meetings of Religious Societies, he studied to guide and instruct the clergy and others in questions which bad been brought into prominence at the time. He also directed their notice to the advantage of studying the bearing of historical evidence on all such questions; and he referred them to the great writers on such subjects, of whose research they ought to avail themselves in forming their judgments. He also endeavoured to quiet the alarm felt by many at the dangers which beset our Church, and to encourage a brave trust in her future from the experience of her past triumphs over the like troubles and anxieties. He insisted upon the importance of an earnest study of Christian doctrine according to the Holy Scriptures, especially from the fact that the ministers of our Reformed Church, while they are taught to seek God by admonition and counsel from their Bishop, and to render him due obedience in all lawful commands, are also commissioned to study the Scriptures for themselves, and out of them to instruct the people committed to their charge. And among other solemn pledges given by them at their ordination, is that very remarkable one, that they will banish and drive away all erroneous and strange doctrines contrary to God's Word; implying that they must be vigilant to discover any errors that may arise in the Church,-capable of dealing with it as occasion requires,-of refuting false doctrine, and establishing the truth by sound argument and faithful teaching from the Scriptures.

As Dr. Hampden was firmly but mildly opposed to the earliest indications of the Ritualistic system, so did he present a front of firm opposition to the rising inroads of Rationalism. A constant student of Butler, and full of profound reverence for the wisdom with which he met the scepticism of his day, he was enabled to meet the objections of those who would turn the Gospel histories into a series of myths, by insisting on that

ist the same other matter one by one, hora

“great characteristic of our holy Faith, that, unlike all other assumed religions, it is not a collection of mystic writings, presenting to the view of man the scenes and events of the invisible world; but consists in those very events which it narrates and out of which it is evolved, and may be tracked continuously for more than three thousand years, in the successive periods of its delivery to mankind; and that we have just the same ground for believing its truths as we have for believing any other matter of history equally authenticated.” The systems of unbelievers, one by one, have risen, appeared to flourish, and then melted away. “Men," as has been well said, “have denied the Godhead only to find the Manhood unintelligible. They have refused to acknowledge the Infinite Wisdom, but then they could not account for the Beauty of Perfect Holiness. They have called Him a charlatan; but then, whence came the actions full of grace and truth? They have pronounced the narratives of the Gospel to be a collection of myths; but then, what was the foundation on which the myths were raised ?” Attacks upon the facts of Christianity-upon the Incarnation, the Life, Death and Resurrection of the Redeemer-although directed by the ablest and most learned and most virulent opponents in their respective generations, cluring nearly 2000 years—have been triumphantly repelled, and have only left those all-important facts more impregnably certain than they were before. No man saw this more clearly, or insisted on it more ably, than Dr. Hampden, and it is deeply to be regretted that his splendid Charge against Rationalism, which he was preparing for the press, was left unfinished in consequence of the illness which terminated in his death.

It is not for us to draw forth into the public gaze the private life of every eminent individual whose life and opinions we deem it right to bring before our readers. Suffice it to say, that in Dr. Hampden there was a tenderness of feeling, an abnegation of self, which greatly endeared him to his family and to all who were intimately acquainted with him. He disliked general society, where he did not find himself at ease; but could unbend among a select circle of friends, and bring forth stores of information with an easy pleasantry which contrasted with his usual thoughtful and somewhat anxious expression of countenance. At length, in the year 1866, his health began to fail; and after various alternations of sickness and partial recovery, on April 23rd, 1868, he ended his useful and honourable, but cruelly and needlessly agitated life. His last mental effort was to make a rough translation into Greek of Toplady's great hymn,

“Rock of Ages, cleft for me.” It is interesting that this hymn, which soothed the dying moments of Bishop Hampden, was also read to Prince Albert at

his particular desire, when he was on his deathbed, and has been pronounced by Dr. Pusey, one of Hampden’s principal opponents, to be among the best and choicest of English hymns. Thus the soothing influences of sacred poetry tend to unite those in feeling, whom the unhappy controversies of the day have separated so far in opinion from each other.

Upon the whole, Dr. Hampden appears to us worthy of the high place he holds as one of the most distinguished of the celebrated Oriel School. He had deeper philosophical learning than Arnold or even Whately, though he was without the fiery earnestness of the one, or the cold clear reasoning power of the other. He had none of the deep-rooted dislike of the “Evangelicals,” which was so sad and so fatal an error in Arnold's character; and he had a much warmer love of Gospel truth than we can find in the masterly but frigid lucubrations of Whately.

We have already expressed our opinion that the compiler (as she modestly calls herself) has put together the materials at her disposal in a very instructive and readable form. An opinion is often expressed that near relatives are very unfit editors of any man's biography. But if they do it with the tact and taste which Miss Hampden has exhibited, if they pass as gently over topics still hot with the passions of party, they will show that this opinion is unfounded; and that we may look to female relatives like Miss Hampden and Mrs. Cotton (whose life of her husband was reviewed in our last number) for an account of the lives, conflicts, and opinions of those who are dear to them, as fair, as interesting, and as useful as could be given us by any of their pupils or college contemporaries.

ROME, ANCIENT AND MODERN. Rome and the Campagna. By Robert Burn, M.A., Fellow and

Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. Cambridge : Deighton.

London : Bell and Daldy. 1871. Walks in Rome. By Augustus J. O. Fare. London : Strachan.

1871. Roba di Roma. By W. W. Story. Sixth Edition. London :

Chapman and Hall. 1871. Pontificate of Pius the Ninth. By John Francis Maguire, M.P.

London : Longmans. 1870. St. Peter, non-Roman in his Mission, Ministry, and Martyrdom.

By the Rev. R. Maguire, M.A. London : Seeleys. 1871.

WHATEVER else may have been the misfortunes of Rome, from one calamity the Eternal City has been, of late years at

any rate, comparatively speaking, exempt. While the Goths and Vandals in ancient times committed the most ruinous depredations within her precincts, their modern descendants have, as a general rule, refrained from injuring her by recording the impressions made upon them when they have visited her. The shoals of casual visitors, from all quarters of the globe, who have driven in the Corso, who have wandered through the gal. leries of the Vatican, and dissolved themselves into ecstasies while contemplating they knew not what, wherever churches were to be entered or pictures to be seen, have, for the most part, had some consciousness of their ignorance, and have refrained from rushing into description. Hence it is that those who have been in some measure qualified, either by competent learning, æsthetic tastes, or sentimental superstition, to sympathise with and appreciate the objects around them, are conspicuous as our informants and guides. Addison, Gibbon, Conyers Middleton, Byron, Chateaubriand, N ebuhr, Cardinal Wiseman, Madame De Staël, Mrs. Jameson, with a host of other eminent persons, all from various points of view, have gazed upon Rome, and made us partakers of their enthusiasm. Nor is the number likely to diminish. With the multiplied facilities for continental travelling, the sanitary improvements likely to be effected by Italian occupation, the increasing interest in antiquarian researches, and the convulsive struggles in which the Papacy has been recently engaged, there is the prospect of a countless number of tourists and devotees. In India it has been found that since Gya and similar places of pilgrimage bave become easily accessible by rail, the number of visitants has been multiplied indefinitely; we do not see why Rome also should not attract multitudes, if her priests are wise in their generation, and are willing to make the most of the wares they have to exhibit, and the ceremonies which they perform. Indeed, unless order and tranquillity are speedily restored in Paris, there is hardly any other continental city so likely to take its place as Rome, or so well calculated to furnish a favourite haunt to those for whom it is dolce far niente. With ceaseless ecclesiastical functions on the grandest scale, foxhounds in the Campagna, possibly ere long operas and theatres in the native home of the lyrical drama, for those who might be surfeited with ecclesiastical music, there would be enough to dissipate the idleness of the most worldly and frivolous; while in every direction, above ground and below it, there are objects of never-failing interest to men of cultivated intellects, and to enthusiasts in every kind of art.

However this may be, a batch of fresh books upon Rome and Roman topics is before us now claiming attention, and it may not be amiss to give our readers some idea of their contents.