The import increased 130,268 bales, The failure of the English harvest in and the stock increased but 36,890. If the present circumstances of Europe, now, through the enhanced consump- which this year produces, as a great tion of the United States, there had whole, no more than it will want for its been 150,000 bales less to export, the own consumption, makes Great Brisupply would have been short in Eng- tain chiefly dependant upon its North land, and the price at least affected American colonies and the United 1 cent per lb., through the whole ex- States for whatever it may want to port. The result would have been a supply its deficit. It does not appear profit of $4 per bale additional, which, as yet that this deficit in Great Britain on an export of 2,083,756 bales, would itself is so great as it has been in some have compelled the foreign manufac- bad years heretofore; but a great calaturers to pay $8,335,020 more for their mity exists in the failure of the potatoe raw material; and this amount may be crop of Ireland, both because of the acfairly charged as the positive and direct tual loss which a bad harvest in any loss which the planting interest sustains country is to the world, and from the through the strangulation, if it may be fearful circumstances which attend such so expressed, of the consumption of a calamity in Ireland. That misgocotton goods in this country, under the verned country has for near a century weight of the present duties. The en- had the largest portion of the proceeds hanced prices that they are compelled of its industry drawn from it for the exto pay for the goods they buy, form an penditure of its absent nobles and genadditional tax upon all classes. It is try in London and elsewhere, and for alleged by those who advocate the re- taxes and imposts. The result has tention of duties to favor the domestic been such a lack of capital and emmanufacture, that home competition ployment in Ireland, that for a long will, sooner or later, bring down prices. time most of its sons have been comExperience has proved the fallacy of pelled, at an enormous rent, to hire an this supposition. For twenty years pro- acre or two of land, from which to raise tection has been steadily pursued, and sufficient potatoes to last a year. Proyet, at the present moment, goods can bably some 600,000 families are so sibe imported from England and sold here tuated, and these suddenly find themwith charges amounting to 100 per selves cut off from that supply, withper cent. added. The corporate cha- out being able to make their labor availracter of the factories, and the large able to provide a substitute, or being capital required to establish them, con- possessed of reserved property in any fers on them a monopoly, which, as shape, wherewith to procure other food. long as they are protected by the tariff A dire famine stares them, therefore, in from the competition of similar con- the face as soon as the scanty crop shall cerns, and larger capitals in England, have been consumed. In such an defies rivalry here. What we have emergency, the odious com laws of here said in relation to cotton applies England are, apparently, about to be with greater or less force to all other subverted, and open ports for the imported goods, and these circumstances breadstuffs of the United States may are the chief cause of the small com- become the precursor of a general free parative trade which exists in the midst trade. If so, the calamity that afflicts of the unbounded natural wealth of Ireland may be fraught with great which the country is now possessed. future benefits to that suffering people. • NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. THE ANNUALS.-The gift-books of the present season commend themselves by the usual attractions. The most beautiful in an artistic point of view, is the Diadem, a handsome quarto, published by Carey and Hart. There are several exquisite engravings in this work, from original paintings, by Inman and Leutze. The latter indicates the same chaste genius which won for his "Landing of Columbus" so many admirers. In the vignette designed by him for the Diadem there is grace in the figure which represents the Angel of Gifts, and a depth in the eyes rarely encountered in illustrations of this nature. The Page, by Inman, is worthy of his high powers, and has been done justice to by the engraver. Indeed there is not a mediocre plate in the collection. The literary contents are by Hedge, Brooks, Emerson, Miss Lynch and others. Rev. Mr. Furness, of Philadelphia, contributes an able essay on Genius, and in the pretace pays a feeling and deserved tribute to E. L. Carey, under whose auspicies the volume was conducted, but whose life was not spared to witness its completion. The Opal, published by J. C. Riker, of New York, and edited by John Keese, is printed with remarkable neatness. A portion of the literary contents will be found quite superior to that which makes up the ordinary letter-press of Souvenirs. This number of the "Opal" far surpasses its predecessors in mechanical execution, and intrinsic value. There are tales by Mrs. Oaksmith and Mrs. Embury; some vigorous and meditative verse by Whittier. The other contributions are by Paulding, Schoolcraft, Hoffman, &c. The illustrations are by Chapman. The Missionary Memorial is the title of a somewhat novel species of souvenir. It is made up of what may be called the literature of missions. The articles refer to the scenes of missionary enterprise and to the sufferings and rewards of its votaries. To enliven its pages, poems and sketches of a less grave character are occasionally introduced. Several distinguished ornaments of the church have contributed to this work. We find the names of Sprague, Alexander, Spring, Choules, Baird, &c.; also Lowell, Mrs. Sigourney, Griswold, Sargent, Hoyt and Briggs. In point of paper, typography and illustrations, this annual is quite as original as in its literary design. There are but two illustrations, but they are better than twenty of less merit. One is the first specimen we have seen in this country of printing in oil colors. The vignette represents an Indian locanda. The paper and type resemble those of the best English works. This work is said to be edited by a gentleman whose contributions to this review alone sufficiently evidence his taste and talent, and which we are happy to learn are about to be published in a collected form. Scenes in the Life of the Savior is a soperb volume, with select poems from the best sources, and fine mezzotint illustrations. It is edited by R. W. Griswold. The name of the same prolific editor we find upon the title-page of the "Christian Annual"-a felicitous selection of articles from foreign and home sources, relating to sacred localities and holy themes. Sketches of Brazil, by DANIEL P. KIDDER, in two volumes. Philadelphia : Sorin and Ball. 1845. These volumes are graphic and entertaining. They comprise sketches of the scenery, customs and history of a portion of the globe where nature has lavished her beauties in profusion. The attention of the author was previously directed, as he states in the preface, to morality, education and religion, which, as a Christian minister, it was his duty to investigate. His facilities for acquiring information were all that could be desired. For political documents he had access to the archives at Washington, the memoirs of the Historical Society at Rio de Janiero, the manuscript of his colleague, Rev. Mr. Spaulding, who resided six years at that place, &c. The books embody considerable authentic and interesting information, and will amply repay the perusal, whether the reader coincides with the author's opinions or not. Poetical Works of James Montgomery, with a memoir of the author, by the Rev. RUFUS W. GRISWOLD, in two volumes. Philidelphia: Sorin and Ball. 1845. Montgomery is a poet much beloved His devotional among a certain class. spirit and simplicity make him a favorite with many who cannot relish beauties of a more exquisite and elevated character. His influence is quite unexceptionable, and at times his pathos and descriptive power remarkable. To the religious world especially his effusions are endeared; and the number of cheap editions of cers, one of them the personal friend and convert of Wolff, actually murdered by the Ameer of Bokhara, but whom rumor had long represented as yet living, though in imprisonment. Entering himself the lion's den, he had for a time abardoned all hope of quitting it alive, and was ap his works indicates that he has a decided hold upon popular sympathies. We accordingly are gratified to see his poems brought out in so worthy a style as distinguish the present volumes. They are finely illustrated and printed. As the editor justly observes of Montgomery"Since the Bard of Olney, no one has sur-parently doomed to share the melancholy passed him in purity of sentiment, or fervor of devotion. For half a century he has been slowly and constantly increasing in the popular favor, and his reputation has now a compass and solidity which forbid all thought of its decay." A History of the Huguenots; a new edition continued to the present time. By W. S. BROWNING. Lea and Blanchard, Philadelphia. 1845. pp. 452. $150. This work contains a succinct account of Protestantism in France from the beginning of the 16th century down to 1838. The work was originally devoted to a brief and continuous narrative of the rise of the Huguenots, their wars and final expulsion. This edition was published in 1829. The present edition is a continuation of this history to the revolution of 1830, and contains many additions and revisions, the result of the author's more accurate research. He does not attempt to go behind his facts to find out their causes, and seems desirous to give an impartial statement, though the ardor of his religious feelings may have sometimes betrayed him into great warmth of language. He has indulged in none of those episodes of biography which his subject seems almost to demand. We miss also an account of those early reformers of the Sorbonne, whose voice first broke the silence of Europe on this subject. commend the work to our readers. We Narrative of a Mission to Bokhara, in the years 1843-1845, to ascertain the fate of Colonel Stoddart and Captain Conolly. By the Rev. JOSEPH WOLFF, D.D., LL.D. New York: Harper & Brothers. 1845. 8vo. $2. Joseph Wolff may be called the Ulysses of the Churches of the 19th century. If he has nothing of the cunning and duplicity of his Grecian prototype, he has no lack of shrewdness and acquaintance with human nature. A much-enduring man, enterprizing, widely-travelled, and original, not to say erratic, he has, like the old Greek, " seen many cities and the manners of many people." This volume, mainly the record of his second adventurous visit to Bokhara, describes the experiences and perils of his benevolent mission to that country, for the purpose of inquiring the real fate of two English offi end of the British officers whom he had left England to discover and liberate. His actual escape was much as if Ulysses had made, and had been permitted to survive, a second visit to the cave of the atrocious Polyphemus, to inquire how the giant had digested his guests. daism, he became, in mere boyhood, a Born in Germany in the bosom of Juconvert to Christianity, in that form of Catholicism which this faith assumed in Germany in the hands of Stolberg and Sailer. Sent to Rome, that he might be educated for the priesthood in the farfamed College of the Propaganda, he dared under the shadow of the Vatican to adopt and avow opinions that made his departure from the Eternal City advisable. In a discussion with a fellow-student, who had quoted against him some opinion of the reigning Pontiff, Wolff claimed to understand Hebrew better than the Pope. Passing into England, his theological views became mainly those of the Evangelical school, under the influence of Simeon, of Cambridge, a patriarch in that portion of the English Established Church, and under whose influence was formed also another missionary of yet higher name and endowments, the sainted Henry Martyn. His views as to the interpretation of prophecy were in some respects assimilated to those of the devoted but erratic Edward Irving; and he looked for and announced the speedy manifestation of the Messiah in his own Palestine. A communicant but not a clergyman at first of the English Establishment, Joseph Wolff, in his first journey to the East, labored for the spiritual benefit of his Hebrew brethren, by conversation, disputation, and the distribution of the Scriptures. Carnes, the author of "Letters from the East," describes Wolff, who was for a time his fellow-traveller, and the singleness of heart and laborious ardor with which this adventurous man devoted himself to his work, disputing with Jewish Rabbies all day, and retiring to refresh himself by digging Hebrew roots all night. He was the first to restore a new evidence of the truth of prophecy, by disinterring from the long oblivion in which for centuries it had rested, the fact that the descendants of Jonadab, the son of Rechab, yet remain, as by Jeremiah it had been predicted they should remain, a distinct people, without vineyards or harvests, inhabiting the deserts of Arabia, boasting their honored ancestry, and read ing the Hebrew Scriptures. He had much intercourse also with the Gezedees, or Devil Worshippers, and with the singular sect who claim to be disciples of John the Baptist. His first visit to Bokhara was in the course of his exploration of the East from 1831 to 1834, in quest of the ten lost tribes. He came to our own country to see if they were to be recognized in the Indians of the West; but Wolff will not acknowledge their Hebrew brotherhood. Whilst here, after his many years already spent in missionary labor in the East, he was admitted in this Western land for the first time to clerical orders in the Episcopal Church of our country, from one of whose colleges also he received his doctorate in theology. "At New York," he remarks," I must not omit to mention the kindness I received from the distinguished President, Mr. Martin Van Buren, that shrewd, clever, polished, and refined statesman. In his drawing-room I gave a short lecture before several members of the Congress."(P. 57.) Although married to a titled English lady of the family of the Walpoles, he has not held any appointment of much emolument in the Church of that country. His later sympathies and affinities have been somewhat with the Oxford school. One of his stations was a secluded and primitive parish of Yorkshire clothiers, the smaller manufacturers, called, in that branch of industry, "piece-makers," and whose simplicity, as we recollect, he illustrated some years since in a letter to the journals, by stating that, in disregard of all orthography, they believed themselves designated for special favor in the opening sentences of the Sermon on the Mount: "Blessed are the peace-makers." He offered himself, trusting in some measure to his religious character and to the kindly reception he had met in his first travels through Bokhara, to the friends of the British officers Stoddart and Conolly, to aid in ascertaining their true fate. The result is the very interesting volume before us, commencing with a review of his earlier life and travels. Were his powers of exact observation and of nice and graphic portraiture at all equal to his remarkable opportunities, no man living, unless George Borrow is to be excepted, could furnish so interesting a book of travels as Joseph Wolff. He has been sold into slavery, he has been imprisoned, and looked to the grave as the only issue from the dungeon. He has stood before Kings, disputed with Mufties and Rabbies, and discussed the gravest truths with Derveeshes and Soofies; and he tells, most unartificially indeed, a straight-forward and unvarnished tale of the sayings, doings and sufferings of a shrewd, honest, and religious man. As to the execution of this American reprint, it is due to the publishers to say, that the portrait, in their edition, of a descendant of Mahomet, an Eastern face, full of power and character, seems to us superior in execution to its original in the English copy. Others of the pictures have a strange aspect, as being from the designs of an Oriental artist, who wrought in contempt of all the laws of perspective. The matter is of the most heterogenous character, but much of it of absorbing interest. We see the interior working of a flagitious and remorseless despotism in Bokhara; we gather notices of regions over which but few have travelled and returned to tell the tale. If our readers would see how religious energy can harden a man constitutionally timorous, dreading the sea, as some American traveller has described him, and as he honestly confesses to the Queen of Greece, and yet traversing sea and land on his benevolent errands, but still betraying so much ap prehension, that one of the names which the Ameer of Bokhara coins for him is Joseph Wolff, the Timorous One; if they would see an English Episcopalian snatched up, against all his protests, by the Abyssinian Christians, as their Aboona, or patriarch, in disguise, and compelled to spit, by way of a blessing, upon those who had made him their reluctant and protesting diocesan, "and performing such an extraordinary sputation, that my throat was completely dry" (p. 46); how he entered the streets of Bokhara clothed in his clerical robes and bearing the Bible in his hand; how he found his own name in Bokhara bruited abroad, with Eastern hyperbole, as "Mullah Joseph Wolff, the grand derveesh from England, acquainted with seventy-two languages and with seventy-two religions, and having conversed with seventy-two nations of the earth" (p. 210); if they would see how the Jews, everywhere oppressed through the Mahometan nations, retain their un dying hope, and how sadly this hope blunders in its objects, as when in the days of the remorseless Tamerlane the Jews believed him to be the Messiah, and went to meet him with palms in one hand, the book of the law in the other, and the prayer "We beseech thee, O Lord, save us!" (p. 177); if they would learn how skilfully great men at the East, as in the West, contrive to keep their word-an Oriental dignitary having promised his friendly services to Wolff with the ruler of Bokhara, "This villain promised to recommend me to the Ameer of Bokhara, and he kept his word. He did so for decapitation "-(p. 221); if they would trace visions of a new community, a reorganization of society, extending from the Owens and St. Simons and Fouriers of the West, into the heart of Asia, where a "party of derveeshes came to me and observed, The time will come when there shall be no difference between rich and poor, between high and low, when property shall be in common, even wives and children" (p. 277); let them purchase and read the ill-arranged and inartificial, but sprightly, spirited, kindly, and, as we believe, most truthful narrative, which the Harpers have presented in this cheap and beautiful volume. America and the American People, by FREDERICK VON RAUMER, and translated from the German by WILLIAM W. TURNER. New York: J. and W. G. Langley, 1846. 8vo., pp. 512. $2. This book is far more worthy of its subject than many of greater pretensions that have heretofore appeared. It is obviously written for the Germans, and is distinguished from its predecessors by the amount and importance of authentic information it contains. The author consulted the wants of the times and the grave interest of the topics he undertook to illus trate, by seeking rather to afford his countrymen data, whereby to judge, than to display any brilliancy of his own. He has evidently had recourse to a large number of historical and congressional documents, and his volume cannot fail to be of essential service to the intelligent emigrant and political enquirer. What little he has to say on American society, manners, literature and art, strikes us as, in the main, just, as it certainly is liberal. All that savors of disapprobation is obviously uttered "more in sorrow than in anger." An idea of the practical style in which he treats the subject may be gathered from the titles of some of his chapters. After a succinct historical sketch of the settle ment of America, and the Revolution, he discusses the Constitutions of the several States, the Presidentship of Washington, Adams and Jefferson; Slavery, the Indian Population, Education, Taxes, Banks, Schools and Colleges, Law, the Army and Navy, Charitable Institutions, Religions, and the Church and Foreign Relations. APPLETON'S LITERARY MISCELLANY, No. 5. The Life of Frederick Schiller, comprehending an Examination of his Works, by THOMAS CARLYLE. 18mo. 50 cts. been subjects of earnest discussion. In regard to Schiller a singular unanimity of feeling prevails. His lofty tone of sentiment, the philosophic accuteness of his perception, the deep and holy enthusiasm which sustained his character, and inspired his muse, are recognized by all in any degree familiar with his works. Carlyle, of all critics, is eminently fitted by talent and attainment worthily to trace the history of such a mind. He has not only done this with discrimination and sympathy, but the style is clear, simple and direct, wholly uninfected by the peculiar diction which renders his later works unpalatable to so many readers. The book is in the same neat type and binding as the other volumes of the Miscellany; it is, moreover, a new edition, revised by the author. The same house have published the Mass and Rubrics of the Roman Catholic Church, translated into English, with notes and remarks, by Rev. J. R. Cotter. The work is seasonable, as it will inform Protestants more readily than any manual with which we are acquainted of the peculiar ceremonies of the Romish Church. The Roman Church and Modern Society, translated from the French of Professor E. Quinet, of the College of France. 1 vol., 18mo. Gates & Stedman, New York. The Jesuits, translated from the French of MM. MICHELET and QUINET, Professors in the College of Prance. 1 vol. 18mo. Gates & Stedman. These are kindred works-perhaps we might call them partnership works. They form a part of that great religious controversy which has been waging in France for the few years past, which both in its peculiar character and its possible results has attracted extensive notice. Ever since the re-settlement of France in political quietness after its long revolutionary distresses, the Church of Rome has been endeavoring to gain its former pre-eminence and control in that kingdom. In later years, the main instrument in this prohave, to a large extent, subverted the ject has been the order of Jesuits, who authority and influence of the settled clergy of their own church in France; for themselves a very extensive influand as directors and confessors obtained ence among the families, and the youth of France. The controversy which has been thus awakened, is not like The publishers could not have made a the conflicts of the Papacy with outselection for their series, better fitted to ward opposers, in the shape of Protesenlist in its behalf the sympathies of intelli- tants against its system and doctrine gent readers than Carlyle's Life of Schil- but is among the members of that ler. An edition was published in Boston several years since, but it has long been out of print. The literary merits of Goethe and other distinguished German writers have one church. It is an internal contest among professing members of the same body. But it is a contest, the effect of which must be felt far more widely than |