for that use. In these dumb devotions of his, the organs play in a doleful low tune. When this is finished, the Doctor begins the consecration, which being ended, the number of beckings, bowings, and bendings by him and the subdeacons before the altar, are impious, ungodly, and abominable to behold..........His altar stands decked continually, week-days and all, and mewed up within the screen and rails. Some of the parishioners desiring to receive the Sacrament in their pues, were denied it, and sent away without it, and he forceth all to come up to the rails."-The Petition and Articles exhibited in Parliament against Dr. Haywood, by the Parishioners of S. Giles'-in-the-Fields, pp. 3-9, 4to. 1641.

[466]

Ibid.] "Here are many untruths couched together. The sanctum sanctorum, and the subdeacons, and the beautiful gate, are all terms of these men's own invention. The Doctor never so called them, nor any by his approbation. The screen, a fair ornament of the church, and great honour to that religious lady who bestowed it, was assigned where to stand by the parishioners, nor can it be placed conveniently but where it now is. The Doctor neither persuaded the making of the screen, nor contributed a penny towards it, nor knew of what fashion it would be, nor was present in the parish when it was set up. The ornaments of the Holy Table, the silk curtains, carpet, covering, books, and much plate, were all the pious gift of the same honourable lady which bestowed the screen: and being for the decency of GoD's service, and well accepted of by the parishioners, the Doctor had no reason to refuse them. As for the crucifix, organs, and church music mentioned in the petition, they were long before Dr. Haywood's coming. There is no desk upon the LORD'S Table, only a little stay to hold up the plate, nor any such pictures on the books as the petitioners speak of. For the ceremonies used in administering (the scornful description whereof, and his abusive wit that drew it, the Doctor much pities) they were none of them invented, nor new brought up, by Dr. Haywood. His pattern he had from his Majesty's Chapel not far from that place."-An Answer to a lawless Pamphlet entitled The Petition and Articles exhibited in Parliament against Dr. Haywood, &c.' by R. R. M., pp. 14, 15, 4to. 1641.

[467]

Stigmatised as “Popish.”

Ibid.] "The [Romish] rubrick of bowing before the paten and chalice, or Hosty, thereof we have not a word; but punctually our men practise it, giving four inclinaboes to the Elements before the act of receiving: the other rubrick for the people's prostration at the elevation of the Hosty they cannot be against, sure their practice is to bow most lowly to the place where the Hosty uses to lie.”A Parallel or Brief Comparison of the Liturgy with the Mass-Book, &c., pp. 90, 91.

[468]

Ridiculed by the Profane.

Ibid.] "As for the robes, gestures, and utensils ecclesiastick, what is a canonical coat but a woollen smock; or a surplice but an over-wide linen smock; and is a habit quite contrary to a plain text that men should not put on women's apparel: what are the ornaments of the altar but images of gold and silver in the form of cancandlesticks and embossed books, and the cringes and bowings but sacrifices of dexterous hamstrings thereto?"-The Vindication of the Separate Brethren of the Spirit, against a Libel called the Resolution of the Roundheads, p. 5, 8vo. 1641.

[469]

Adoration towards the East a prevailing Practice.

1746.] "I might also have asked you, sir, to what oriental deity you pay your devoirs, when, from the north, the south, the west, the worshippers in your Church, on certain solemn occasions, turn reverently towards the east and make their peculiar honours?...... This worshipping towards the east is not, I think, ordered by any canon of the Church which is now generally received; but it is (if I mistake not) its common and prevailing practice."-Towgood's Dissent from the Church of England fully justified, pp. 103-4, 8vo. 1787.

[470]

Adoration towards the Altar observed by George H. 1787.] "Monday, Jan. 1st. The King was to make an offering as sovereign of the Garter. He was seated in the Dean of Windsor's stall, and the Queen sat by his side. The Princesses were in the opposite seats, and all of them at the end of the church. When the

service was over, the Offering ceremony began. The Dean and the senior Canon went first to the Communion-table: the Dean then read aloud, 'Let your light so shine before men, &c.' The organ began a slow and solemn movement, and the King came down from his stall, and proceeded with a grave and majestic walk towards the Communion-table. When he had proceeded about a third of the way, he stopped and bowed low to the altar: then he moved on, and again, at an equal distance, stopped for the same formality, which was a third and last time repeated as he reached the steps of the altar. Here he made his offering, which according to the order of the original institution was £10. in gold and silver, and delivered in a purse: he then knelt down and made a silent prayer, after which, in the same measured step, he returned to his stall, when the whole ceremony concluded by another slow movement of the organ."Madame D'Arblay's Diary, vol. III. pp. 269, 270. 8vo. 1842.

Lambeth Fair.

[471]

"Wherein is sold

Ceremonies all

Both new and old."

"No sooner was the sable darkness past,

And Sol his eye on our horizon cast,

By whose bright beams those clouds dispersed were
Which did benight the land with horrid fear;
But presently the people heard strange fables,
The Bishops went to Lambeth with their bables,
Where a new Fair was lately consecrate

For popish garments, that were out of date:

And when their shops and stalls and booths were made,

With all things fitting for that holy trade,

O' th' tops o' th' standings all, for fear of evil,

Were crosses set, to scare away the devil.
With might and main the people 'gan to flock,
And all were present there by nine o'clock:

The Clerk o' th' Fair was presently bespoken
To give them liberty their stalls to open;
To keep out thieves the keeper's place he deems,
But keeper he was run away it seems:

'Well, let him go,' the Bishops cried, 'what then?
We have a nimble and quick-sighted Wren,
Who when he comes can soar and fly about,
To spy, and keep the knavish rabble out.'

The Master of the Fair* was called upon,
But answer's made, he to the Tower is gone:
That he was absent it was taken ill,

But sure he went to th' Tower against his will.
'Proclaim the Fair,' the Bishops all they cried,
'For we dare hardly longer here abide.'
The Clerk gave leave, the Crier on a hill
Standing, began to cry with voice so shrill—

"O yes, 0 I do cry,

yes,

The Bishop's trinkets who will buy?' This being done, of Bishops all the crew Began with speed their wearing robes to shew, And with extended voice they all did cry— 'Come, customers, see what you lack, and buy: Here's vestments consecrate, all sorts and sizes, You may have here, if you'll come to the prices.' 'Buy a Crucifix,' another loud doth call, "Twill scare the devil, and preserve your soul... Come, buy lawn sleeves—I have no money took, Here, try them on, you'll like a bishop look... Come hither, friend, and buy this silken gown, I'm sure you cannot match't in Lambeth town; In this same gown did Canterbury's grace At High Commission shew his graceless face'... 'Come, buy my crosier-staff,' another he begins, 'Tis excellent to keep dogs from your shins; Pray, sir, let me some of your money take, And keep this staff for its old master's sake.'

* Archbishop Laud.-EDD.

Another comes, as if his back would break,
Burden'd with vestures, and 'gan thus to speak:
'Trinkets I have good store within my pack-
I pray you view them, and see what you lack;
See for your love, and for your money buy,
Name what you want, I'll fit you presently.
My pack it is a wardrobe large and fair,
Wherein are mitres,* caps, rotund and square;
The rar'st Episcopals that ere you see

Are in my pack-come pray you buy of me.
Here's rich embroidered ware, choose where you please,
I have a thousand such-like knacks as these:
Buy this brave rochet, buy this curious cope,
The tippet, scarf, they all come from the Pope,
I'll sell them at a rate you cannot lose,
Or else exchange them for a pair of shoes:
I must to Rome, I can no longer stay,
I pray you buy them, I must hence away.'

Then after that, unto this jolly fair,
A little Wrent came flying through the air,
And on his back, betwixt his wings, he bore
A minster, stuffed with crosses, altars' store,
With sacred Fonts, and rare gilt cherubims,
And bellowing organs, chanting curious hymns,
The hallowed Host, dumb Priests, and singing boys,
With antic cringers, and a thousand toys.

Does not the fact of mitres and (antè) "crosier-staffs" being mentioned in this satire as belonging to the Caroline Prelates, go far to prove that these ornaments were in "actual use" at the time it was written? A similar inference in regard to the mitre may, we think, be made from the following doggerel :

"I appeared before the Archbishop,

And all the High Commission;

I gave him no grace,

But told him to his face

That he favour'd superstition.

Boldly I preach, hate a cross, hate a surplice,

Mitres, copes, and rochets;

Come hear me pray, nine times a day,

And fill your heads with crotchets."

The No Mad Zealot. Rump Songs, p. 239.-EDD

† Matthew Wren, Bishop of Ely.-EDD.

S