some days after the signing Heinsius was at tacked at the Hague by a pestilential disease then greatly dreaded. To avoid giving an alarm which must have had fearful results, Heinsius kept his malady a secret, with the most stoical patience, so that none knew of it except Count Staremberg, the imperial ambassador, and his physician. He died 7 years later, as vigorous in mind and body as most men at 40.

HEINSIUS, DANIEL, a Dutch philologist, poet, and critic, born in Ghent in 1580, died in Leyden, Feb. 25, 1655. He was educated at the university of Leyden, where he succeeded Joseph Scaliger as professor of politics and history. In 1618 he acted as secretary to the synod of Dort, having previously distinguished himself in the theological controversies of the day. He was a man of extensive learning, great industry, and correct taste and judgment. His editions of the principal Greek and Latin classics rendered him famous over Europe. He was the author of two tragedies entitled Auriacus and Herodes Infanticida; of a poem in 4 books styled De Contemptu Mortis; and of various other valuable works.-NICOLAAS, son of the preceding, a Dutch poet, born in Leyden, July 29, 1620, died at the Hague, Oct. 7, 1681. He was educated at the university of his native city. In 1642 he visited England. In 1649 he went to Sweden in consequence of an invitation from Queen Christina, and settled at Stockholm, where he remained till his father's death in 1655. His latter days were unhappy, and passed for the most part in his native land. He like his father published editions of several classics, and was the author of various Latin poems whose style is so sweet that he was called by his contemporaries the "swan of Holland."

HEINSIUS, OTTO FRIEDRICH THEODOR, & German philological writer, born in Berlin in 1770, died May 19, 1849. He was one of the most eminent successors of Adelung in the study of the German language and grammar. His principal works are, Deutsche Sprachlehre (5th ed. under the title of Teut, 1835), and Kleine deutsche Sprachlehre (13th ed. 1834). He is also the author of an interesting work on the Göttingen union of poets (Der Bardenhain, 3d ed. 1840), and of a Geschichte der deutschen Literatur (5th ed. 1832).

HEIR (Lat. hæres), in law, one entitled by descent and right of blood to lands, tenements, or other hereditaments. Hence it is an ancient apophthegm, that "God only can make an heir." Nothing is more common than to hear that A purposes to make, or has made, B his heir. But this is a mere mistake, or rather inaccuracy. A may make whom he will his devisee, and this devisee may take the same estate he would take if he were heir; but he cannot take it in the same way. The heir would take by descent, and only he can so take; he may be disinherited, but his right of blood cannot be transferred, and therefore the devisee takes only by purchase; for in law there are but two ways of taking land, one by descent and the other by

purchase, and whatever taking is not by descent is by purchase. But the law itself makes a concession in favor of wills, from its desire to carry the will of the deceased into effect, and will construe the word heir as having the broader meaning of "successor," if the manifest intention of the testator requires it. And even out of wills, the exact technical meaning of the word is sometimes disregarded in the United States, if justice requires that it should be. Strictly, the heir takes only the real estate; the personals go to an administrator or executor, and are distributed by him to the next of kin. It is even now a common way of expressing that a thing is real and not personal (as is a fixture which must not be removed from the land) by saying that it goes to the heir and not to the adminiştrator. In the Roman civil law, the word hæres, which we translate heir, meant what this word does with us in common use, that is, any one called to the succession, by blood, devise, or bequest; and whether the property to which he succeeds be fixed or movable.-ÅN HEIR APPARENT is one who must be the heir if he survive the owner, as the eldest son in England, or all the children in the United States. But the phrase "heir apparent" is not strictly applicable here. In England, the birth of a younger son cannot affect the rights of inheritance of the eldest son, for they are fixed, and he alone can be heir by descent. But in this country the younger son has an equal right with an elder son; and therefore the exclusive right of inheritance can never be fixed in any children living. -AN HEIR PRESUMPTIVE is one who, if things do not change, will be the heir at the death of the owner, as the elder son of a deceased brother in England, or all the children of a brother in the United States, where the owner has no children; for they will be heirs if he dies without issue. As an heir presumptive may lose his heirship by a change of circumstances, he does not become an heir apparent so long as this change is legally probable, although physically or naturally impossible. Thus the nephew of the owner can never be his heir apparent, however aged or feeble or near to death the owner may be; for in contemplation of law it is always possible that a son may be born to him, who would be an heir apparent, and who would therefore supersede an heir presumptive.

HELCEL-SZTERSZTYN, ANTONI ZYGMUNT, a Polish writer on law, born in Cracow in 1808. He studied at Cracow and in Germany, fought for the independence of Poland in 1831, commenced in 1833 a series of lectures on law at the university of his native city, founded and from 1835 to 1837 edited the Cracow Kwartalnik Naukowy ("Scientific Quarterly Review"), and was subsequently appointed ordinary professor of law at the university. He is the author of various works on judicial subjects.

HELDER, a fortified seaport town of Holland, at the N. extremity of the province of N. Holland, 40 m. N. W. from Amsterdam; pop. 3,000. From an obscure fishing village Na

poleon I. converted this place into a fortress of the first rank, capable of containing a garrison of 10,000 men. Its batteries command at once the entrance to the Zuyder Zee and that of the harbor of the ship canal at Nieuwe Diep. It is connected with Amsterdam by a canal 50 m. long, 125 feet broad, and 21 feet deep, navigable by large vessels. The port and coasts are protected from the aggressions of the ocean by dikes, one of which is 6 m. long, and 40 feet broad, and has an excellent road on its summit. HELEN, the wife of Menelaus, and the most beautiful woman of her age. Her parentage is variously assigned to Jupiter and Leda, the wife of King Tyndareus, to Jupiter and Nemesis, and to Tyndareus and Leda. According to a well known fable, Jupiter in the form of a swan visited Leda, who brought forth two eggs, from one of which came Helen and from the other Pollux. Before Helen was 10 years of age she was carried off by Theseus, who concealed her at Aphidnæ, under the care of his mother Ethra. Her brothers Castor and Pollux released her, and carried her back to Sparta with Ethra as her slave. She now had suitors from all parts of Greece, among whom was Ulysses. By the advice of this hero Tyndareus left the choice to Helen, and she accepted Menelaus, to whom she bore Hermione, and according to some Nicostratus also. Three years after this marriage she was seduced by Paris, the son of Priam, and fled with him to Troy. The Grecian princes, in accordance with an oath which they had taken when suitors together at the court of Tyndareus, took up arms to restore to Menelaus his wife, and the Trojan war was the consequence. Paris was killed during the siege, and Helen then married Deiphobus, another son of Priam; but when the city was taken, she treacherously introduced the Greeks into his chamber in order to appease Menelaus. She returned to Sparta, and received her first husband's forgiveness. When Menelaus died she was driven into exile by Nicostratus and Megapenthes, and retired to Rhodes, where the queen of that island, Polyxo, whose husband Tlepolemus had been killed in the Trojan war, caused her to be seized while bathing, tied to a tree, and strangled. The Rhodians commemorated the murder by a temple raised to Helena Dendritis, or Helen tied to a tree. The Spartans honored her as a goddess, and built a temple to her honor at Therapne, which had the power of conferring beauty upon all ugly women who entered it.

HELENA, SAINT. See SAINT HELENA. HELENA, SAINT, wife of the emperor Constantius Chlorus and mother of Constantine the Great, born in Drepanum (Helenopolis), Bithynia, in 247, died in Nicomedia in 327. She was probably of obscure parentage, though some historians pretend that she was a British princess. When her husband was made Cæsar in 292, he put her away and espoused Theodora, step-daughter of the emperor Maximian, but in his will he acknowledged Constantine, his son

by Helena, as his sole heir. Constantine, on assuming the purple (306), brought his mother to reside in the imperial palace at Treves, loaded her with honors, gave her the title of Augusta, and conferred her name upon several cities of the empire. Whether she was a Christian by birth or became one by conversion is unknown. She erected and endowed a number of churches, and at the age of 79 made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, where she discovered the supposed true cross. (See CROSS.) She died in the arms of her son, and her body was carried to Rome, where a mausoleum was raised to her. HELGOLAND, or HELIGOLAND (i. e., “Holy Land;" Dan. hellige, Swed. helga, to sanctify), an island in the German ocean, belonging to Great Britain; lat. of its lighthouse, 54° 11' 84" N., long. 7° 53′ 13′′ E.; pop. 2,400. Helgoland is of a triangular shape, about a mile in length from N. to S. and of a mile in breadth from E. to W. It was formerly much broader, but the action of the sea is continually wearing away the island. About the middle of the last century a portion was actually separated from the main island, and is now known as Sandy island. Helgoland is distant 100 m. from Hamburg, and 35 m. from the mouth of the Elbe. The highest part of the island, its western side, is 200 feet above the sea. Helgoland is supposed to have been the island mentioned by Tacitus, where the German goddess Hertha was worshipped. St. Willibrod preached Christianity there in the 7th century, and gave it its present name. In 1714 it was taken from the duke of Schleswig-Holstein by the Danes, who kept possession of it till 1807, when it was captured by the English, for whose fleets it served as a station during the war with France, and as a depot for their manufactures, whence they were smuggled into Germany. The inhabitants are descended from the Frieslanders, and speak the Frisian language and the low German. The men are mostly fishermen and pilots, and leave nearly all, domestic and agricultural labor to the women. The trading part of the population are chiefly emigrants from the mainland of Germany.

The annual value of the fisheries is £5,000. The chief products are haddocks and excellent lobsters, which are conveyed to Hamburg and Bremen, whence they are carried into the interior of Germany. The islanders own 100 small fishing vessels and several larger ones, which make voyages to England and the Baltic ports. The soil is very rich, and grain and vegetables are raised, though most of the land is devoted to the sustenance of flocks of sheep, which are fed on fish in winter. There are a few trees and 2 or 3 springs on the island, but most of the people depend on rain for their supply of water. The English keep a lieutenantgovernor and a garrison here, but levy no taxes, and do not interfere with the internal government of the island, which is managed by local magistrates and a municipal council.-See "Heligoland, an Historical and Geographical Description of that Island, its Ancient For

tunes and Present Opportunities as a British Colony," by William Bell, Ph. D. (London, 1856).

HÉLIACAL (Gr. λakos, solar). In astronomy, the heliacal rising of a star is its rising just before sunrise; the heliacal setting is setting just after sunset.

HELIADE, JOHN, a Wallachian poet, born at Tergovitza about 1801, was educated at Bucharest. At an early age he made translations from Voltaire's and Lamartine's poetical works, and eventually gained a foremost place among the regenerators of the Roumanian language and literature, and among the poets of his country by his heroic drama "Mircea” (1844), and by his national poem "Michael the Brave," of which the first two cantos appeared in 1846. In 1831 he founded a national journal, which was suppressed in 1848. Taking part in the revolution of that year, he became a member of the provisional government. After its downfall, in Sept. 1848, he fled to Translyvania and thence to Paris, and afterward resided in the island of Chios, occupied with the completion of "Michael the Brave," until 1854, when he was sent by the Turkish government to the camp of Omar Pasha, in whose company he returned to Bucharest.

HELIANTHUS. See SUNFLOWER. HELICON, a mountain in Boeotia, between Lake Copais and the Corinthian gulf. It is the most fertile mountain of Greece, and produces the greatest number of trees and shrubs. It was esteemed the favorite abode of the muses, to whom the epithet Heliconian is frequently applied by the classic poets. Above Ascra was a grove sacred to the muses, and not far distant the famous fountain of Aganippe, which was believed to inspire those who drank of it.

HELIODORUS, a Greek romance writer, born in Emesa, Syria, flourished in the 4th century A. D. In his latter days he became a Christian, and bishop of Tricca in Thessaly, where he introduced the regulation that every priest should be deposed who did not repudiate his wife. His famous romance, entitled Ethiopica, was written in early life. It consists of 10 books, and treats of the loves and adventures of Theagenes and Chariclea. Its style is simple and elegant. Translations of it now exist in all the European languages, but before the 16th century its very existence was unknown to Europe. The best edition of the Greek text is that published at Paris in 1804 in 2 vols. 8vo.

HELIOGABALUS. See ELAGABALUS. HELIOMETER (Gr. λcos, the sun, and perpov, measure), an instrument to measure the diam eter of the sun, or other small arc in the heavens. Several instruments for this purpose of different kinds receive this name, but it is now usually applied to a telescope whose object glass is divided into two parts, capable of sliding by each other, so that one may be directed to one edge of the sun, while the other is directed to the opposite edge. Two images of the sun will thus be formed, tangent to each other, and the

amount of displacement of the parts of the object glass measures the diameter of the sun.

HELIOPOLIS (Gr., city of the sun), called in old Egyptian ON and RE-EI, in Hebrew BETHSHEMESH, and by the modern inhabitants MATAREEYEH, one of the most ancient cities of Egypt, below the S. E. point of the delta, on the E. side of the Pelusiac arm of the Nile, near the canal which connected that river with the Red sea, distant about 6 m. N. E. from the site of modern Cairo. From the remotest epoch it was renowned for its temples and priesthood. It was the chief seat of the Egyptian worship of the sun, and also of the sacred bull Mnevis; and the legends of the wonderful bird phoenix centred about it. Its priests were the most learned in the land, and so important that they sent one third of the whole number of deputies to the great council which assisted the Pharaohs in the administration of justice. Those belonging to each temple were organized among themselves with great exactness, and the office of the high priest, who was one of the first persons of the state, was hereditary. The Hebrew Joseph married Asenath, the daughter of one of these high priests. The Heliopolite priests were the usual resort of foreigners who wished to learn the wisdom of the Egyptians. Solon, Thales, Eudoxus, and Plato all studied under them; and when Strabo visited the place (24 B. C.) he was shown the halls which Plato was said to have occupied for 13 years. After having been for ages a sort of university city, Heliopolis had much declined as early as the invasion of Cambyses (525 B. C.), and was a city of ruins when visited by Strabo. Abdallatif, an Arab physician of the 12th century, described among its ruins colossal figures in stone, standing or sitting, and more than 30 cubits in height. There now remains an obelisk of red granite, inscribed with the name of Osirtasen I., whose date is fixed at about 2000 B. C., and which is regarded as the most ancient known specimen of Egyptian sculpture; there are also some fragments of sphinxes and of a colossal statue which adorned the ancient temple of the sun. Near the hamlet of Matareeyeh, which occupies a part of the site of Heliopolis, Kleber gained a victory over Turkish troops, March 20, 1800.

HELIOS (Sol), in Greek mythology, the god of the sun, the son of Hyperion and Thea, and the brother of Selene (Luna) and Eos (Aurora). Helios gave light both to gods and to men. He rose in the east from Oceanus, ascended to the highest point in the heavens, and then descending arrived in the evening at the west, and returned to Oceanus. He had two magnificent palaces, one in the east, the other in the west, where he sat enthroned surrounded by ministering Hore. The horses which drew the chariot in which he made his daily journey were pastured in the islands of the blessed, and the golden boat in which he voyaged nightly from the west to the east was the work of Hephaestus (Vulcan). Helios was the god who saw and heard every thing. Thus he was able to reveal

to Hephaestus the infidelity of Aphrodite (Venus), and to Demeter (Ceres) the abduction of her daughter. The island of Sicily was sacred to him, and he there had flocks of sheep and herds of oxen, which never increased or diminished in number, and which were tended by his daughters, Phætusa and Lampetia. In later times Helios was frequently confounded with Apollo, though originally they were quite distinct divinities. Among the Greeks, however, this identification was never fully carried out; for no Hellenic poet ever made Apollo to ride in the chariot of Helios. Temples of Helios existed in Greece at a very early period, and subsequently we find his worship established in Corinth, Argos, the island of Rhodes, and various other places. The sacrifices offered to him were rams, boars, bulls, goats, lambs, white horses, and honey. Among the animals sacred to him, the cock was preeminent. Helios was usually represented as riding in a chariot drawn by 4 horses.

HELIOSCOPE.

See TELESCOPE.

HELIOTROPE (Gr. Atos, the sun, and тpen, to turn), an instrument invented by Gauss about 1821, and used to enable surveyors to transmit signals of reflected light from one station to another, and readily to discern those transmitted. It is used abroad in geodetic surveys; in the United States in connection with the coast survey. In illustration of its power, it is said that a mirror one inch square is visible 8 miles off in average sunny weather, and shows as a brilliant star at a distance of 2 miles.

HELIOTROPE (heliotropium, Linn.), a perennial plant, with vanilla-scented blossoms, belonging to the natural order boraginacea. The species most common and the most in repute is H. Peruvianum, with a woody stem, oblong wrinkled leaves of a pale green color, and terminal, branching flower stalks. The flowers are small, but they grow compactly together in the spikes. The corolla is intersected at its mouth with fine folds, and is of a purple-lilac color, with a greenish white throat. Cuttings taken from the young branches readily grow, and come soon into blossom. Strong and large plants may be produced by training a single stem to the height of 3 or 4 feet, and then pinching the top so as to cause it to throw out numerous laterals, which will make a showy head. Several choice varieties have been raised by sowing the seeds, and by other means practised by amateurs. These are chiefly distinguished by the color, such as a lighter or darker tint in the corolla, a yellowish or pure white throat, technically called the eye of the flower, or else by the greater size of the spikes or "trusses." Another sweet-scented species grows wild in the Caucasian mountains, known by its her baceous stems, ovate, flat-lined, finely tomentose leaves, and its spreading calyx; it is the H. Europeum, and is indigenous also to the south of Europe. This species, according to Prof. Gray, has become an adventitious weed in Maryland and Virginia. In the islands of the archi

pelago and in Greece is found the H. villosum, with a very villous stem, woolly leaves, and large white flowers having yellow eyes. The genus heliotropium or turnsole contains more than 80 species, natives of the warmer regions in all parts of the world. The European heliotrope seems to have been known to the ancients, Pliny and Dioscorides asserting that its flowers turned toward the sun, whence its generic name. It was however called verrucaria by the Latins, from the notion that its expressed juice mixed with salt was excellent in curing warts. The flowers of the sweet-scented kinds are largely used by the perfumers, and their other properties seem to be merely mucilaginous and astringent. The cultivation of the heliotropes is easy. To grow them successfully, heat, moisture, and a plentiful supply of stimulating manures are needed. Some writers have recommended the elevated temperature of the stove or hothouse for the Peruvian heliotrope; and they are found to flower best when the plants are set in the warmest parts of the greenhouse, where they can be exposed to the sun and light.

HELIX (Gr. éλıέ, a whorl or coil), in architecture, a spiral winding around a central axis, according to some authorities without approaching it, in which case it would be designated a spiral. The little volutes under the flowers of the Corinthian capital are also called helices.— In conchology, a genus of the family helicida, of the order gasteropoda. The family includes the genera of land snails, numbering 17 in Pfeiffer's monograph; but their various synonymes enumerated in the same work are no less than 330, and Dr. Albers of Berlin has added to these 100 new generic names. The shell of the whole family is distinguished for its size, being capable of containing the entire animal it is provided with an epiphragm or layer of hardened mucus, by which the aperture is closed during hibernation. The head of the animal is provided with 4 tentacles, the upper and longer pair having eye specks at their summits. Some species of the genus helix, of which above 1,200 are known, are found wherever trees grow; they are most abundant in calcareous districts of warm, humid climates. The Neapolitans, French, Swiss, and Brazilians make use of them for food. By the Romans the H. pomatia, or great vine snail, was considered a delicacy, and by great care was fattened till it attained an extraordinary size. As fossils, about 50 species are met with in the eocene formation in Europe, all of which are extinct. Several curious instances are recorded illustrating the tenacity of life of these creatures. A specimen of H. desertorum from Egypt was fixed to a tablet in the British museum, March 25, 1846; on March 7, 1850, it was observed that the paper was discolored, evidently from the animal having come out from the shell. It had, however, returned, and the aperture was closed with the usual glistening filin. Being placed in warm water, it became lively, and so continued. In electro-magnetism, a helix is a coil of wire

wound around any body which is to be magnetized by the passage of the electric current through the wire. The power is increased with the number of turns, the wire being insulated, so as to prevent lateral discharge, by winding cotton thread about it.

HELL, MAXIMILIAN, a Hungarian astronomer, born in Schemnitz, May, 15, 1720, died in Vienna, April 14, 1792. At 18 years of age he entered the society of the Jesuits, and in 1745 was made assistant astronomer at the observa

tory in Vienna belonging to the order, and keeper of the museum of experimental philosophy recently formed in that city. In 1751 he took holy orders. Subsequently he filled the chair of mathematics in the college of Klausenburg in Transylvania for 4 years, and was in 1756 appointed astronomer and director of the new observatory in Vienna. In April, 1768, at the invitation of the court of Denmark, he undertook a journey to Vardōehuus in Lapland for the purpose of observing the transit of Venus over the sun's disk, June 3, 1769, in which he succeeded perfectly. His chief work is a series of Ephemerides, commenced with Ephemerides Anni 1757 ad Meridianum Vindobonensem Calculis definita, and continued by himself and others to the year 1791 (35 vols. 8vo., Vienna). He published a variety of other astronomical works. HELLAS, and HELLENES, the names applied by the ancient Greeks to their country and themselves. (See GREECE.)

HELLE, a daughter of Athamas, king of Thebes, by the goddess Nephele. When her brother Phrixus was about to be sacrificed, the mother rescued him, and placing the two children on the back of the ram with the golden fleece, which she had received from Mercury, fled with them to Asia; but between Sigeum and the Chersonesus Helle fell into the sea, and thenceforward that part of it into which she had fallen was called Hellespontus, the sea of Helle.

HELLEBORE, in pharmacy, the roots of the various species of the genus helleborus, of the natural order ranunculacea, and of the veratrum album and V. viride, natural order melanthacea. The black hellebore, helleborus niger, is a plant growing wild in the mountainous parts of southern and central Europe, and cultivated in gardens for the sake of its beautiful rose-like flowers, which bloom in midwinter and give to the plant the name of the Christmas rose. In the United States its time of blooming is the spring. The fibres of the roots are used for preparing the extract, decoction, or tincture. They are exceedingly acrid and burning to the taste, when fresh producing inflammation and even vesication on being applied to the skin. The extract is a drastic purgative and emetic, but it is at present seldom prescribed, except as an emmenagogue. Until the discovery of the H. orientalis it was supposed to be the same that furnished the black hellebore or melampodium, a famous medicine with the ancient Greeks and Romans, who used it in the belief that it gave clearness and activity to the mental faculties;

and the most celebrated philosophers are said to have drunk its infusion for this purpose. It was also employed in mania, dropsy, and various other affections.-H. fœtidus, or bear's foot, is a perennial European plant of extremely acrid properties, a powerful emetic and cathartic, and long used in Great Britain as a domestic remedy for worms. It has even been known to cause the expulsion of the tapeworm.-White hellebore is the rhizoma of veratrum album, an herbaceous plant, indigenous to the Alps and Pyrénées, and imported from Germany. Its virtue resides in the alkaloid, veratrine, which imparts to it the properties of an emetic and cathartic. But it is so powerful and violent in its operation, that its use is now limited to external applications. (See VERATRINE.) It acts as a general stimulant to the secretions, and diluted with other substances is found to be a beneficial application in cases of gutta serena, lethargic affections, and some cutaneous diseases.-American hellebore is the rhizoma of V. viride, or Indian poke, a common plant in the swamps and meadows of the northern and middle states. It resembles the European species in its violent action as an emetic, and also in stimulating the secretions. It acts powerfully upon the nervous system, producing vertigo and dimness of vision, and dilating the pupils; the pulse is reduced to 35 beats in a minute. Its application is principally to gout, neuralgia, and rheumatism; and it is at present attracting much attention from physicians.

HELLER. I. JOSEPH, a German historian of art, born in Bamberg, Sept. 22, 1798, died there, June 4, 1849. Among his principal works are: Monogrammenlexikon; Geschichte der HolzSchneidekunst; Handbuch für KupferstichSammler; and biographies of Lucas Cranach and Albert Dürer. The 2d vol. of the latter work, in 3 parts, appeared in 1827-31, but the 1st and 3d vols. have not been published. II. KARL BARTHOLOMÄUS, a naturalist and trav eller, born in Moravia in 1824, explored Mexico for the Vienna horticultural society, and became in 1851 professor of natural history at Gratz. He has published Reiseberichte aus Mexico (Vienna, 1846), Reisen in Mexico (Leipsic, 1853), and several other works. III. STEPHAN, a composer, born in Pesth, May 15, 1813, perfected his musical education at Vienna and Augsburg, and spent some time in Paris. His principal compositions are for the piano, and have gained for him many admirers, especially in Germany. His Pensées fugitives, for the piano and the violin, contain 10 pieces, which he composed in concert with Ernst.

HELLESPONT (Gr. 'EλŋσñOVTOS, Sea of Helle), in ancient geography, the narrow strait (now the Dardanelles) connecting the Ægman sea with the Propontis (sea of Marmora), and separating the Thracian Chersonesus (peninsula of Gallipoli) from Asia Minor. (See DArdaNELLES, and HELLE.)

HELM. See STEERING APPARATUS.
HELMERS, JAN FREDERIK, & Dutch poet,