S.H.1825 IN BRAZIL, IN THE YEARS 1817-1820. UNDERTAKEN BY COMMAND OF HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF BAVARIA. BY DR. JOH. BAPT. VON SPIX, AND DR. C. F. PHIL. VON MARTIUS, KNIGHTS OF THE ROYAL BAVARIAN ORDER OF CIVIL MERIT, SCIENCES AT MUNICH, &c. &c. VOLUME THE FIRST. LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1824. ΤΟ HIS MAJESTY MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH THE FIRST, KING OF BAVARIA. SIRE, WHEN Your Majesty had decided on sending a literary expedition to Brazil, you were pleased to confide to us the execution of this royal resolution. Attachment to Your Majesty and to the sciences was the guardian Genius that guided us amidst the dangers and fatigues of so extensive a journey, through a part of the world so imperfectly known, and brought us back in safety, from that remote hemisphere, to our native land. This undertaking, therefore, which is, perhaps, not without importance in the history of the Bavarian nation, owes its origin and its success to Your Majesty; and whatever advantages the sciences may derive from it, must be solely ascribed to the magnanimity and favour of a monarch, who, considering science as the highest ornament of humanity, founds upon it, by means of the wisest institutions, the happiness of his people. Penetrated with feelings of the most profound gratitude, we, therefore, venture to approach Your Majesty's throne, and most respectfully to offer to the best of kings the first fruits of our mission. Encouraged by Your Majesty's most gracious assurance, that, in the performance of our undertaking, we have fulfilled Your |