EXHIBIT No. 161A

EXHIBIT No. 162

SVS DETECTION AND RECOVERY OF LOST, MISSING, STOLEN AND
COUNTERFEIT SECURITIES

The detection and recovery of lost, missing, stolen, and counterfeit securities, amounting now in the millions of dollars, is presented as follows and based on inquiry and confirmation of securities transactions by participating Securities Validation System (SVS) members. These specific occurrences, represent actual case study information based on investigation and interpretation of SVS staff members.

The results and system effectiveness, as exampled, has led to the physical recovery of securities, negated the sale and/or transfer of securities, cancelled fraudulent loan and transactions, and in some instances-led to the apprehension and convictions of individuals involved in the illicit traffic in stolen securities.

June 18, 1971, The Grafton State Bank of Milwaukee, Wisconsin was presented with $125,000.00 of ITT common stock, too be pledged as a collateralized loan for $70,000.00. The individual presenting the securities, which Federal authorities assumed used the alias of Ronnie Conti, left the bank to wait in a nearby tavern while the bank negotiated the loan. The suspecting bank inquired at a Chicago branch office of a subscribing SVS brokerage firm, to validate the securities. The New York office of the brokerage firm confirmed the securities were stolen in April 1970. Although the individual was not apprehended, alerted by the arrival of the police at the bank, the physical securities were recovered for the SVS subscribing brokerage firm, in addition to the negation of the collateralized loan.

October 27, 1971, A Pittsburg attorney acting on behalf of a broker client, member of the NYSE, inquired through a subscribing SVC brokerage firm on the disposition of three bearer municipal bonds, valued at $15,000.00. Upon inquiry and confirmation of the bonds, it was learned that all three were reported as stolen in the mail at the Los Angeles airport. A notification of the results of the occurance, based on the Securities Validation System, was issued by the President of the Compliance and Legal Division, Securities Industry Association (formerly ASEF) to all members, indicating the negation of the transaction, informing the FBI as to the disposition of the case, and further stating, "Very seldom does the bureau have this prompt a notice". December 28, 1971, On December 26, 1971, six Granite City Steel Company Debentures, valued at $6,000.00 were updated on the SVS data base by a subscribing SVS brokerage firm. Two days later, based on inquiry and confirmation, a second subscribing broker negated the sale transaction when presented by a woman employed at the brokerage firm which inputted the stolen bonds into the SVS data base. The speed and notification of SVS usage led to the arrest of the woman by the New York Stock and Bond Squad. It was later learned, upon conviction of the woman, that she and her accomplice husband had accounts scattered throughout the Wall Street Area. February 23, 1972, Inquiry and confirmation provided the stop-payment of a Arizona Public Service Debenture, valued at $6,000.00, for a subscribing SVS brokerage firm. The bond has since been physically recovered by the individual who filed for the lost.

March 1, 1972, The Canadian Police of Montreal, upon apprehension of an individual, who had in his possession a mail bag of U.S. securities, attempted and failed to identify the contents through the NCIC (National Crime Information Center) System. The Canadian Police contacted members of the U.S. Senate Sub-Committee on Government Operations, who suggested they attempt to verify the securities through an SVS brokerage firm branch office, located in Canada. Based on inquiry and confirmation via Shearson, Hammil & Co., New York, a random sampling was performed identifying forty-four various securities with a dollar value of $125,000.00. These securities inputted by Chubb & Son Insurance Company, were a portion of an undisclosed amount of securities stolen in a mail pouch, in the lobby of a brokerage office building in the Wall Street area.

May 5, 1972, A request for inquiry and confirmation originated by the New Jersey Organized Crime Strike Force, was made by the New York Stock and Bond Squad of 300 securities representing bonds and common stock. Ninetythree securities, valued at $300,000.00 were listed and reported as stolen from

two subscribing brokerage houses. These particular securities inclusive of N.Y. State Housing Authority bonds, and ATT common stock, were a portion of over one million dolars of stolen securities, collateralized in three major New Jersey banks. It has since been learned, that two additional banks located in Long Island and New York City were among the victims. The individual has since been indicted along with accomplices who have direct connections and involvement with a major New York organized crime family. July 6, 1972, A sampling of Westinghouse Electric Corporation common stock was identified through inquiry and confirmation by a Washington, D.C. participant of SVS. These securities, originally reported stolen in transit, in nondenominational form, were confirmed as part of a 3000 item loss.

July 6, 1972, Based on information received from Continental Insurance Company, relative to a $1.2 million dollar broker loss, a subscribing SVS brokerage firm inquired and confirmed on a $100,000.00 U.S. Postal bond, negating the sale prior to cash settlement, and allowing for physical recovery of the bond.

July 7, 1972, A subscribing New York City bank, premised on an anticipated merger, had requested inquiry and verification of portfolio securities pledged as collateralized loans. The first portfolio presented for verification contained seventy securities, and upon SVS confirmation sixty-six securities, valued at $180,000.00, were discovered as stolen from two SVS brokerage subscribers. The bank presented the entire loan situation to the New York District Attorney's office for conviction purposes, and the securities have since been returned to the insurance company holding the "Bond of Indemnity”.

July 10, 1972, Two U.S. Postal Bonds valued at $200,000.00, were inquired and confirmed upon delivery by a participating SVS brokerage firm. These bonds, inputted into the SVS system by Continental Insurance Company, were part of a $1.2 million dollar brokerage firm loss. It was later learned that these same two bonds had been processed through six brokerage firms in a two day period, without detection or varification.

July 12, 1972, A branch office located in Bermuda, had occasion to verify through the home office of a subscribing SVS brokerage firm, 2400 shares of Eckmar common stock, valued at $9,000.00. It was confirmed through SVS inquiry that the securities had been reported stolen from a major New York City brokerage house. The transaction was not negotiated, and SVS was informed that the FBI had been alerted for possible apprehension of the individual and securities.

July 19, 1972, From the Real Estate section of Bankers Trust Company of New York, inquiry was placed with SVS to determine the validity of a $5,000.00 New York City bond. Based on SVS inquiry and the confirmation of Division of Municipal Securities, NYC, it was confirmed to the individual at Bankers Trust Company that the municipal bond in hand, was one of three, NYC, 6.70% bonds, dated 1/1/70, due 1/1/73, series 161E, numbered 757,758 and 759 at $5,000.00 each, reported as stolen from an individual's safe. New York City, participating in SVS confirmed the stop to Bankers Trust, and the fact that the items were updated on June 6, 1972.

August 8, 1972, One hundred (100) warrants valued at $250.00 were inquired and confirmed upon by a branch office of an SVS subscribing brokerage firm. These particular warrants were inputted and confirmed by Chubb & Son Insurance Company. The significance of this particular recovery was that when presented, the 100 share denotation had been altered to 1000 shares. August 28, 1972, One hundred shares of Wolverine World Wide common stock, valued at $17,000.00, was recovered by inquiry and confirmation by an SVS subscribing broker when presented for sale. This security was reported as a mail loss and confirmed by Register Mail Central Bureau, subscribing to the system.

September 13, 1972, As reported in the New York Times, Thursday, September 14, 1972, a cautious bank manager in Toronto, Canada, inquired with the Director, Crime Intelligence Section, Toronto Stock Exchange (SVS subscriber), for the verification of 1300 shares of RCA common stock, valued at $45,000.00, being presented for sale. Reportedly, according to the Times, the Exchange established the inquiry and confirmation via SVS, that the questionable securities had been reported stolen and entered into the SVS data base by CBWL-Hayden, Stone, Inc., a New York City subscribing brokerage firm. Although the individual was not apprehended, the securities detected were retained by the bank for return to the brokerage firm.

October 12, 1972, Two hundred shares of Phillips Petroleum common stock, valued at $5,600.00, were recovered by inquiry and confirmation by a subscribing brokerage firm opening a new customer account. The sale transaction was negated and the transfer agent promptly, upon confirmation, notified local law enforcement agencies.

October 13, 1972, By memorandum to member firms of the Toronto Stock Exchange (notice to member No. 947) reference was made to the Securities Validation System, SVS, and the effectiveness since implementation at the Toronto Stock Exchange, August 24, 1972. The memorandum indicated that an estimated $50,000.00 worth of stolen U.S. securities had been recovered as a result of member firm usage, via the Toronto Stock Exchange on the SVS system. One instance, inquired and confirmed upon within a 60 second period resulted in approximately $40,000.00 of U.S. securities presented for payment. The remaining amount, while the representative of the firm waited on the telephone, was queried and reported as stolen, once again inputted by a U.S. brokerage firm. Copies of this TSE Notification may be obtained by contacting, Mr. Kesley Merry, Director, Crime Intelligence Section, Toronto Stock Exchange.

October 17, 1972, Five (5) $1,000.00 bonds of Massachusetts Water District, Boston Metropolitan District, Commercial Credit Union, West Virginia Turnpike Authority, Household Finance, reported as stolen from the United California Bank and entered by a lost notice circular into the SVS data base, were confirmed by a subscriber of Toronto, Canada. Additionally, a $5,000.00 City of Los Angeles Revenue bond was recovered in the same group of securities. This item was included by the City of Los Angeles, an SVS participant (total market value $10,000.00 recovered).

October 30, 1972, $144,000.00 of Philips Petroleum' common stock was recovered by inquiry and confirmation of a SVS subscribing brokerage firm. The information, supplied by the participating transfer agent, enabled the brokerage firm to recover and stop-payment to one of their own correspondent brokers. The incident was immediately reported to local FBI Officials and was later reported to be a portion of an $800,000.00 messenger theft which occurred in 1971.

November 2, 1972, Five Hundred (500) shares of common stock with an estimated value of $1,200.00 was identified for the FBI which requested the query on SVS through a subscribing brokerage firm. This particular item, in "Street Name", was entered by Registered Mail Central Bureau of New York City.

November 13, 1972, A total of 2900 shares of common stock of Coca Cola Company, Occidental Petroleum, among others, with a total dollar value of $166,425.00 was inquired and confirmed upon by an SVS subscribing brokerage firm. Presentation of these securities being delivered for sale was initiated by a European bank, believed to be located in Holland. Based on thirty inquiries and confirmations, twenty of the securities, valued at $145,425.00 were inputted into SVS by Chubb & Son Insurance Company for an insured California bank. These securities reportedly are a portion of a $1.5 million dollar JFK airport theft occurring in 1971.

November 29, 1972, One hundred shares of common stock, with a dollar value of $2,700.00 reported as a "registered mail" loss to a customer, was physically recovered for the customer, upon inquiry and confirmation via SVS by a subscribing brokerage firm in the Wall Street area.

December 8, 1972, Five shares of Boise Cascade common stock, valued at $60.00 was inquired and confirmed as a registered mail loss, by a subscribing brokerage firm. The significance of the recovery was that the individual was selling-out his entire stock position to the brokerage firm, and delivered the reported lost item as well as his replacement for the loss.

January 5, 1973, The Mercantile National Bank of New York, presented to the City of New York, Division of Municipal Securities, a $5,000.00 NYC bond due for payment. The bank reportedly, received the bond as a collateral loan, with instructions to redeem the bond on due date and apply the proceeds to the outstanding loan. Upon inquiry and confirmation of SVS, it was not only determined that the bond was reported stolen; but also that, it was the same bond inquired and confirmed on by Bankers Trust on July 19, 1972, The bond was confiscated by the NYC paying agent and the entire incident reported to the New York Stock and Bond Squad.