Lizard Rocks are a group of rocks about 1,500 yards off the north shore of St. Thomas and 1 mile westward of Inner Brass Island. There are 6 rocks bare at high water, the largest being 14 feet high. About 50 yards westward of this group there are 3 rocks awash.

Ornen Rock, with 9 feet of water on it, lies 1 mile eastward of Inner Brass Island and 1⁄2 mile from Picara Point. Dutchmans Cap, kept open between the two Brass Islands, leads to the northward of it.

Hull Bay, between Dorothea Point and Tropaco Point, is shoal and of no commercial importance. It is used to some extent by the fisher

men.

Magens Bay is the only bight on the north shore of St. Thomas that is of any importance. It is 112 miles in length and 1⁄2 mile wide, and its eastern side is formed by a long, narrow tongue of land, which terminates to the northwestward at Picara Point, nearly midway between Hans Lollik and the Brass Islands. Being, however, open to the northwestward, and consequently exposed to the rollers, it is only safe for small vessels, and they will find good anchorage anywhere under the weather shore. In entering care must be taken to avoid Ornen Rock.

The depth in the bay varies from 6 to 12 fathoms, but in the southern portion there is a bank of 11⁄2 fathoms, extending 1/4 mile from the shore, surrounded by depths of 2 to 3 fathoms. There is a fine sand beach at the head of Magens Bay. Reseau Bay and Lerken Bay, small bights on the west shore of Magens Bay, are used by fishermen to beach their boats. The beaches are protected from the swell by fringing coral reefs with breaks in them which afford access to the shore.

Hans Lollik is a small island 713 feet high, 114 miles long north and south, nearly 34 mile broad, and lies 111⁄2 miles northeastward of Picara Point. It consists of a single ridge, covered with a growth of teyer palms, shrubs, and undergrowth. The western side of the island is precipitous and rocky, except in a bay on the west, where there is a gravel beach. Fishing is carried on off the rocks along the shore. Camp Bay, on the southeast face, is protected by outlying reefs, through which there is a passage for small boats to the beach. Hans Lollik Rock, awash and on which the sea always breaks, is 700 yards east-southeastward of the southern point of Hans Lollik. Little Hans Lollik is 400 yards northward of Hans Lollik and connected with it by a coral ledge over which the sea breaks. The northern half of the island is low and covered with grass while the southern part rises to a height of 217 feet and is covered with trees and brush. The shore line consists mostly of rocky cliffs from 20 to 60 feet high.

Pelican Cay, a grassy islet 20 feet high, lies 200 yards northward of Little Hans Lollik. There are several rocks awash between the two, and a reef over which the sea breaks is close northeastward of Little Hans Lollik.

With the exceptions of the dangers above mentioned, the channels on either side of the Hans Lollik group are clear. To avoid Hans Lollik Rock keep Shark Island, 32 feet high, near the shore at the east end of St. Thomas, open of the west end of Thatch Cay. Sailing vessels beating to the windward should do so on the flood.

From Picara Point the shore trends east-southeastward for 7 miles to Cabrita Point, the eastern point of St. Thomas. There are several

unimportant small bays along this coast all open to the prevailing easterly winds.

Mandal Bay, 3 miles eastward of Picara Point, is shoal, with a sandy beach at its head. In the interior there is a large salt pond,. separated from the beach by mangroves. The shore line between Picara Point and Mandal Bay is precipitous with vertical cliffs, in some places 200 feet high. Mandal Point, just east ward of Mandal Bay, is 270 feet high, with cliffs at the water's edge 100 to 120 feet high. A reef, which generally breaks, is close northeastward.

Tutu Bay, Sunsi Bay, and Spring Bay are small bights between Mandal and Coki Points. Coki Point, 47 feet high, is a small peninsula extending east and west, which forms the northern shore of Water Bay. A conspicuous cone-shaped hill, 205 feet high, is just south of Water Bay. There is a mooring buoy near the head of the bay.

Turtleback Rock, 12 feet high, lies off the entrance to Water Bay, 590 yards east-southeastward of Coki Point. Shark Islet, 32 feet high, is 1 mile east-southeastward of Cabes Point. Northeastward of it are several rocks, the highest being 11 feet. Foul ground encircles the islet.

Cabrita Point, the eastern end of St. Thomas, rises to a height of 210 feet about 15 mile inland. A low narrow neck of land separates this hill from the remainder of St. Thomas.

Thatch Cay, 11⁄2 mile northward of Coki Point, is 111⁄2 miles long, east and west, with an average width of 1/4 mile. The island is in the form of a ridge, 482 feet high near the eastern end, with lesser heights westward. Bull Point and Mother East Point are prominent projecting points near the eastern and western points of the island, respectively.

Grass Cay, 12 mile eastward of and separated from Thatch Cay by Middle Passage, is 3/4 mile long east and west, with an average width of only 200 yards. The north shore consists of rocky cliffs in places 150 feet in height. A narrow rocky ledge, 12 feet high at its eastern end is close to shore near the west end of the cay, and a rock awash at low tide, is 150 yards westward of the same point.

Mingo Cay, 165 feet high, lies directly east of Grass Cay. It is smaller than either Grass or Thatch Cays, but has the same general shape with a precipitous north shore. Between Mingo and Grass Cays there is a narrow shoal passage, with a bare rock 15 feet high, close to the middle.

Lovango Cay, eastward of Mingo Cay, and separated from it by a shoal passage, 300 yards wide, is 7% mile long in an easterly direction, with an average width of 300 yards. It has two summits, of almost equal heights, the eastern hill being 247 feet and the western one 255 feet. There are several houses in a bight along the south shore between Murder Rock and the southwestern point. Blunder Rock, 250 yards eastward of Lovango Cay, is a group of rocks, the highest of which is 5 feet above low water.

Congo Cay, a narrow pointed cay, lies northward of Lovango Cay, and is separated from it by a channel with depths of 22 fathoms. It is 170 feet high, with a precipitous shore line and is covered with shrubs and bushes.

Carval Rock, 67 feet high, lies 1/4 mile eastward of Congo Cay. There are several smaller rocks between it and the cay.

Pillsbury Sound is the body of water between St. Thomas, St. John, and the chain of small islands previously described, which bound the sound on the northern side, forming an excellent roadstead, about 2 miles in extent east and west and 12 miles north and south, quite secure against rollers and all winds except from the southward, which only blow in the hurricane months. The current in it, however, tains a velocity of 2 knots, so that if intending to remain any time it will be better to moor to avoid a foul anchor.

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Depths. The depths in the sound are somewhat irregular, varying from 8 to 16 fathoms. All the main passages leading to it are deeper than the mean depth of the sound itself; that from the southward carrying from 13 to 18 fathoms, the Windward Passage 12 to 16, the Middle Passage 13 to 15, and the Leeward Passage 11 to 14 fathoms. The Two Brothers are two small barren rocks, 20 feet high, lying in the middle of the sound. A ledge extends off their northeastern side, deepening to 5 fathoms at the distance of 250 yards. A depth of 4 fathoms has been reported 34 mile south-southeastward from West Brother.

Anchorages. About 3/4 mile westward of Little Cruz Bay there is anchorage in the southern part of the sound in 11 fathoms of water, over sand and mud, with the center of the Two Brothers in range with the western point of Grass Cay, and Dog Rock open westward of Steven Cay; also in 9 to 10 fathoms 1/2 mile northeastward of the Two Brothers, and elsewhere if desirable.

DIRECTIONS-SOUTHERN PASSAGE.-A vessel may approach the anchorages in Pillsbury Sound by the southern passage between Steven Cay and St. John Island, but it can not be recommended to sailing vessels on account of the baffling winds under the high land. The passage westward of the cay is a mile or more in width, with not less than 14 fathoms of water, and Dog Rock, astern, bearing 177° true (S mag.), leads in the fairway; when Steven Cay bears 87° true (E mag.) steer northeastward for the anchorage.

The best mark to run through eastward of Steven Cay is Carval Rock, off the eastern end of Congo Cay, and the western hummock on Jost Van Dyke in line, bearing 12° true (N by E 3 E mag.). The reef off Turner Bay and the dry rocks off Steven Cay are bold and steep-to, but care must be taken to guard against being set out of the course by the tidal current that runs with a velocity of 2 knots through the channel, the flood to the southward, the ebb to the northward.

NORTHERN CHANNEL.-Windward Passage lies between the Lovango and Durloe Cays, 600 yards wide. The Durloe Cays, within the entrance, can not be mistaken (described on page 131). On the western side of the channel are Carval Rock-400 yards off the eastern end of Congo Cay, which lies close to the northward of Lovango Cay-and Blunder Rock, awash, 400 yards from the eastern end of Lovango Cay.

Vessels of deep draft may take the passage between Lovango and Durloe Cays. The pilotage is simple, the eye being a sufficient guide, for every danger can be seen.

Sailing vessels, should the wind fall light, may anchor at a moment's warning; in less than 10 fathoms the bottom is rocky.

In this channel with the ebb running against the wind there is a race, which appears like broken water. Through Durloe Cays and between them and Hognest Point there are deep and clear passages, but these are not recommended.

Between Lovango and Mingo Cays there is a 3-fathom boat channel; it is narrow and the tidal current in it is strong.

Middle Passage, between Grass and Thatch Cays, is about 600 yards. wide, and presents no difficulties to steamers, the only danger being a small rock awash, lying nearly 200 yards westward from the west end of Grass Cay, and is easily seen.

Sailing vessels generally use this passage in leaving the sound; it may be entered from the northward even on the ebb, provided the trades have not too much of a southerly slant.

Currents.-In Middle Passage the flood current sets to the southward with a velocity of about 2 knots at springs, and takes a southeastward direction inside; the ebb sets in the opposite direction, with the same velocity.

Leeward Passage, between Thatch Cays and the northern side of St. Thomas, is 800 yards wide, with depth of not less than 12 fathoms, and has no danger in it whatever. The flood sets through eastward with a velocity of about 2 knots, and the ebb with the same velocity in the opposite direction.

SOUTH COAST OF ST. THOMAS ISLAND.

Water Point is the end of a moderately high peninsula separating Great Bay from Cowpet Bay, the two bays which indent the coast between Cabrita Point and Deck Point. Great Bay has depths of 7 to 10 fathoms and at the head is a fine sand beach. Cowpet Bay is shoal, but well protected and is an arm of St. James Bay. Deck Point terminates in rocky cliffs, 40 to 60 feet high, north of which is a hill 142 feet in height.

Off Water Point lie the three islands of Great St. James, Little St. James, and Dog Islands, the latter having Dog Rock, 9 feet high, close off its eastern extremity; these form the western side of the entrance to Pillsbury Sound, previously described.

Current Hole and Passage is between Water Point, St. Thomas Island and Great St. James Island, nearly 400 yards distant. The passage is divided nearly in the center by Current Rock, 13 feet high, and between it and Water Point the depth is only 9 feet; but on the Great St. James side a draft of 23 feet can be carried through a channel not quite 100 yards wide and 200 yards long.

St. James Bay is formed between the eastern end of St. Thomas and Great St. James Island, and contains excellent and secure anchorage, except in the hurricane season, being sheltered from all points but the southwest. The Cow, 10 feet high is the western rock of a group of rocks in the southern approach to the bay. Close eastward and on the same reef is the Calf, 3 feet high.

Currents. The flood sets through Current Passage to the southward with a velocity of at least 3 knots, and the ebb with equal velocity to the northward.

DIRECTIONS.-Vessels entering St. James Bay from the southward should give the Stragglers a berth of 100 yards and anchor where convenient. If necessary sailing vessels may run out between the Cow and Calf and Deck Point, in which channel there are irregular depths of 42 to 9 fathoms. From northward, through Current Hole and Passage. Passing 3% mile southeastward of Cabrita Point steer 222° true (SW 1% W mag.) until up to Current Rock. Leave the rock to the westward and enter St. James Bay. Select anchorage as convenient. Sailing vessels when using the pass must do so with an ebb tide and there must be a steady, commanding breeze to stem the current.

Dog Island Cut, between Dog Island and Little St. James, has from 2 to 3 fathoms of water and with a charted depth of 12 fathoms over a rock in the northern approach, is dangerous excepting for small boats or launches.

St. James Cut.-A depth of 20 feet may be carried through this cut between Great and Little St. James, passing on either side of Welk Rock, a group of rocks 10 feet high, which lies in the northern approach. The channel favors the Great St. James side, but is crooked and by no means safe. In case of necessity small sailing vessels can make the pass from the eastward with the wind well aft and against the current.

Jersey Bay, 1 mile westward of Deck Point, indents the coast between Compass Point and Patrick Point. Rotto Cay, 200 yards southward of Compass Point is 33 feet high and is covered with a scrubby growth. Coculus Rocks, a group of bare rocks, lie 350 yards eastward of Rotto Cay, and a small detached mangrove swamp lies the same distance northwestward. Cas Island, in the southern approach, lies 1/4 mile northeastward of Patrick Point. It is 3⁄4 mile long, narrow, and 99 feet high at its eastern end. Mangrove Lagoon is a shoal lagoon at the head of Jersey Bay and is separated from the latter by mangrove swamps, through which lead two boat channels. The lagoon is used only by small local boats.

Long Point, the terminus of a high prominent ridge westward of Jersey Bay, consists of rocky cliffs 40 to 50 feet high. Bolongo Bay, 114 miles west-northwestward of Long Point and close to Coculus Point, is a small shoal bay at the head of which is a coconut grove and a valley reaching inland. The main road in this section leads through this valley to St. Thomas.

A rock with a depth of 9 feet of water over it lies 1/4 mile offshore and about 1/4 mile west-southwestward of Coculus Point.

Packet Rock is a coral shoal about 100 yards in extent, with a depth of about 5 feet, lying 1,600 yards 256° true (W % S mag.) from Long Point and 2,520 yards 2° true (N 2 E mag.) from Buck Island Lighthouse. The sea only breaks over the rock during heavy weather and it can not be seen until close-to. To the south and west it is steep-to; on the eastern side the depth gradually increases to 7 fathoms 150 yards from the rock. Contant Mill, well open southward of Muhlenfels Point, leads southwestward of Packet Rock.

Buck Island lies 2 miles southward of Coculus Point and is a prominent landfall for making St. Thomas Harbor. It consists of two small islands of irregular outline which are partially covered with a scrubby growth and separated by a narrow channel almost closed