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largest and one of the best hurricane harbors in Porto Rico, and is available for vessels of any draft; otherwise it has little commercial importance. The harbor lies between Point Verraco on the west and Point Guayanilla on the east, and is protected at its entrance by extensive reefs which extend about 1 mile offshore. The entrance channel between these reefs is about 111⁄2 miles long, nearly 3⁄4 mile wide, and has general depths of over 15 fathoms at its southern end, decreasing to 9 fathoms abreast Mata Islet.

Point Ventana lies 234 miles westward of the entrance. From Guanica a high, nearly level, brush-covered ridge follows the coast to the point where it ends in a high, prominent, rocky bluff. A low break separates the point from Toro Hill, 1/4 mile northeastward.

Toro Hill has a bluff head, about 100 feet high, at its western end, and a gentle slope northeastward to the low part of Point Verraco. There is a bright yellow spot in the bluffs on its southeast side. This hill and Point Ventana generally show well (see fig. 8).

Point Verraco forms the west side of the entrance to Guayanilla Harbor, and is included between a shallow arm of the harbor and the sea. From a little northeast of Toro Hill it extends about northeastward for 1 mile, and is a nearly level ridge, about 80 feet high near its north end. There are numerous low bluffs on its southeast side. Reefs extend over 1 mile southeastward of the point.

Point Guayanilla is low and wooded, and forms the eastern side of the harbor. Point Gotay is the western end of Point Guayanilla. There are several low islands, covered with mangrove and brush, southward and eastward of Point Guayanilla, the southwestern one of which is Maria Langa Island. In approaching from southward and westward, these islands and the point are made out with difficulty until near them.

Point Pepillo, on the northeast side of the harbor, is the western end of a hill 130 feet high; there are higher hills close northward of it, and the railroad and highway run between. About 1/4 mile north of Point Pepillo, the cuts for the railroad and highway show as a prominent rocky bluff on the east side at the head of the harbor. There is a black oil tank located on the hill eastward of Point Pepillo and is the most prominent object in that vicinity and a leading mark for the entrance to the harbor.

Calderon Mountain and Calichosa Hill are shown in the view of Guayanilla entrance, and are easily recognized. There are several brick stacks at the head of the harbor, which sometimes show well from outside.

The playa consists of a few houses on the north side of the harbor. There is always a little surf here, and the best landing for lighters is near the north end of the rocky bluff 5% mile eastward of the playa. Guayanilla, a town of 1,434 population, is about 2 miles inland, on the railroad which runs from Ponce to Mayaguez, Aguadilla, and San Juan.

The anchorage is about 1 mile in extent with depths of 6 to 8 fathoms, soft bottom. A good berth, convenient to the shore, for vessels of moderate size is in the north end of the harbor between Point Pepillo and the playa, in 24 to 28 feet of water. There is no current in the harbor, and vessels swing to the wind. A mooring buoy in 10 feet of water is maintained by private parties.

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FIG. 8.-COAST WESTWARD OF GUAYANILLA HARBOR.
Calderon Mt., N. by W. W.

Black oil tank.

Pt. Verraco.

Calichosa Hill, N. by W.

FIG. 9.-GUAYANILLA HARBOR, FROM OFF THE ENTRANCE.

Entrance Buoy.

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Water may be obtained from several small streams, but should not be used for drinking purposes without boiling.

Winds. The prevailing winds are the southeasterly trades, which are generally fresh during the day. At night the trade wind usually dies down near the coast, and a light breeze comes off the land.

Dangers.-Guayanilla Reef, on the west side of the entrance, forms the south side of the reefs which extend 1% miles southeastward from the shore between Toro Hill and Point Verraco. It is 114 miles long east and west, mostly bare at low water, and the sea always breaks on it. The 5-fathom curve is about 1/4 mile from its south side, and the slope is abrupt to great depths.

Unitas Reef extends about 1 mile northeastward from the north side of Guayanilla Reef to the west side of the channel about 3⁄4 mile westnorthwestward from buoy No. 2. It is mostly bare at low water, and the sea always breaks on it. Detached shoals with 10 to 18 feet of water extend over 1/2 mile southward from the eastern end of Unitas Reef; the channel with depths of over 30 feet is nearly 1/4 mile wide between these shoals and buoy No. 2. Patches of 27 to 30 feet lie westward of the fairway.

The north end of the reefs on the west side of the channel is partly bare at low water, and there is generally a break on it. It lies a little over 1/2 mile westward of Point Gotay.

Maria Langa Island is surrounded by reefs on which the sea breaks. The 5-fathom curve is a little over 1/4 mile southward, and nearly 5% mile east-southeastward from the island, and the slope is abrupt to great depths.

Fanduco Reef is the southwest end of the shoals which extend 5% mile southward of Point Guayanilla and 3 mile westward of Maria Langa Island. It is partly bare at low water, and the sea always breaks on it. The west side of the reef is marked by a nun buoy.

A shoal with a depth of 13 feet at its end extends 1/4 mile southsouthwestward from Point Gotay, and is marked on its west side by a nun buoy.

A shoal with little water on it extends from Point Gotay to Mata Islet. Its west side, nearly 1/4 mile southwestward from the islet, is marked by a nun buoy. The bay eastward of a line from Mata Islet to Point Pepillo is shoal.

The bay is shoal westward of a line from Point Verraco to the playa, and shoals extend 1/2 mile eastward of the point.

Lumps with 12 to 14 feet of water extend 1/4 mile westward from Point Pepillo, and there is one with 18 feet of water nearly 3⁄4 mile from the point on the same line.

The 18-foot curve is about 400 yards from the north shore between Point Pepillo and Guayanilla River.

DIRECTIONS, GUAYANILLA HARBOR.-Vessels approaching from either direction during the daytime can follow the coast at a distance of 211⁄2 miles, when between Guanica and Ponce, until the entrance of Guayanilla Harbor is recognized. Bring the black oil tank on Point Pepillo to bear 3° true (N 1/2 E mag.) and steer for it, which will lead to a position a little westward of the entrance buoy. When up to the entrance buoy steer for Calichosa Hill (see view) on a 347° true (N % W mag.) course, and pass about 150 yards westward of buoys Nos. 2, 4, and 6, which mark the eastern side

of the channel. Select anchorage as desired when inside buoy No. 6, taking care to keep westward of a line joining Mata Islet and Point Pepillo, and to keep over 11⁄2 mile northeastward of Point Verraco, and give the north shore a berth of about 3 mile.

Vessels of about 18 feet or less draft can anchor between Point Pepillo and the playa.

A shoal with 11 feet of water near its end extends about 1/4 mile southeastward from Point Brea.

The shore of Pardas Bay westward of Point Pescadores is fringed with reefs, mostly bare at low water, which make out to a greatest distance of 3⁄4 mile.. Guanica lighthouse kept bearing northward of 38° true (NE 14 N mag.) clears the reefs.

Inside the entrance the shores of the harbor shelve off about 100 yards to depths of 22 to 25 feet until up with buoy No. 4. This buoy lies 600 yards southwestward of Playa de Guanica, and marks the point of a shoal which makes off from the north shore 300 to 350 yards. Westward of buoy No. 4, the north shore shelves off about 200 yards, and the south shore from 100 to 150 yards, to the 18-foot curve. A can buoy lies 200 yards from the south shore at 1/2 mile westward of buoy No. 4, and a nun buoy marks the 18-foot curve on the north side in the entrance to Northwest Bay.

At night vessels should keep well offshore, as there is very deep water close to the reefs in places, and this is particularly the case off Guayanilla Harbor. The channel into the harbor is not lighted, and vessels can enter during daylight only.

Sailing vessels can enter the harbor at almost any time during the day, but in leaving it is advisable to get underway at daylight, and thus take advantage of the land breeze which generally blows until about 7 or 8 o'clock, after which there is a varying period of calm for an hour or so before the trade wind begins. It is well to stand as far offshore as possible with the land breeze, so as not to be set on the reefs by the southeasterly sea during the interval between the land breeze dying out and the trade wind setting in.

Cana Gordo Islands, lying 2 miles eastward of Guanica Harbor, extend 34 mile southwestward from Crillo Point. They are low, covered with mangrove, and do not show well from seaward. Reefs partly bare at low water surround them to a distance of 1/4 mile.

GUANICA HARBOR.

This harbor is on the south coast of Porto Rico, 17 miles eastward of Cape Rojo and 8 miles westward of Guayanilla Harbor. Though small, it is one of the best hurricane harbors in Porto Rico, and is available for vessels of about 20 feet or less draft; a somewhat greater draft has been taken inside the entrance. The entrance, between Point Meseta on the east and Point Pescadores on the west, lies 114 miles northeastward from Point Brea, and is about 400 yards wide (see view). From the entrance the harbor extends in a northnorthwesterly direction, widening somewhat, for about 3⁄4 mile, and then curves northwestward and westward for about 1 mile, with an average width of 700 yards. The shores of the harbor are steep, high, and wooded, except the north shore, which is low from the playa to Northwest Bay.

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