Friend; with Dr. Neale's Confession and the Refutation of Captain Matthews, by W. H. Halpin, Jun., Cheltenham, 1820. The controversy was ended by a satirical pamphlet, entitled Hints to a Physician on the Opening of his Medical Career at Cheltenham, Stroud, 1820. Dr. Neale died at Dunkirk 22nd December, 1832.

P. 58. SIR ARTHUR BROOKE FAULKNER, M.D. (1806), born in Ireland, entered the army medical department, and having been knighted for his services in 1815, retired from military life and settled at Cheltenham. Died at his

residence, Evington, near that town, 23rd May, 1845, aged 66. There is a list of his publications.

69. HENRY EDGEWORTH, M.D. (1806), born in Ireland, practised in London, but his health failing, he retired to Bristol where he died 30th April, 1813.

96. THOMAS CHRISTIE, M.D. (1809), born in Lanarkshire, and having attained to the rank of medical superintendentgeneral in Ceylon, settled at Cheltenham in 1810, where he died 11th October, 1829, aged 56.

109. WILLIAM PROUT, M.D. (1811), F.R.S., etc., born 15th January, 1785, at Horton, Gloucestershire, devoted himself especially to organic chemistry, and in 1821 published his Inquiry into the Nature and Treatment of Gravel, Calculus, and other Diseases of the Urinary Organs; a work which established his reputation as a chemist and practical physician. He was selected to write one of the Bridgewater Treatises; and in 1834 he produced as such his Chemistry, Meteorology, and the Function of Digestion, considered with reference to Natural Theology—a work of high merit and much originality. He died 9th April, 1850, and was buried at Kensal Green. There is an admirable portrait of him in the possession of his family, by Hayes, a pupil of David, the favourite artist of Napoleon; and another in the College of Physicians by Henry Phillips, Jun., copied at the expense of the college from one belonging to the family. 117. JAMES TATTERSALL, M.D. (1811), born in Gloucestershire, son of the Rev. William Dechair Tattersall, vicar of Wotton-under-Edge, and one of the chaplains to the king. For many years before his death he had withdrawn from practice, and resided at Ealing. He died at Howe, near Norwich, 8th May, 1855, aged 76.

151. DAVID DAVIES, M.D. (1809), practised for many years at Bristol, where he held for more than half a century the office of surgeon to St. Peter's Hospital, and died there 5th February, 1844, aged 84.

155. RICHARD BRIGHT, M.D. (1813), F.R.S., born at Bristol in September, 1789, and having travelled much, settled in

London in 1820, where he laid the foundation for the discoveries which have immortalised his name. His Reports of Medical Cases, selected with a view to illustrate the Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by a reference to Morbid Anatomy, appeared in two vols., 1827-31. He died in London 16th December, 1858, aged 68, and was buried at Kensal Green. There is an inscription to his memory in St. James's Church, Piccadilly. The College of Physicians possesses his portrait and a fine bust. The bust was presented by his widow; the portrait was painted at the expense of the college, "in honour of his memory." His writings, which have been enumerated by Dr. Munk, are many and important.

P. 169. WILLIAM HENRY WILLIAMS, M.D. (1811), born in Gloucestershire, and having seen much military service at home, and having designed the "Williams' Field Tourniquet," settled at Ipswich. He died at Sandgate, Kent, whither he had gone for the benefit of his health, 8th November, 1841. There is a list of his publications. 213. FREDERIC GRANGER, M.B. (1822), born at Bristol, settled at Exeter, where he practised for many years, and died 4th January, 1864, aged 73.

228. WILLIAM RHODES BERNARD, M.D. (1817), born in Jamaica, died at Cheltenham 27th January, 1868, aged 76. 247. JOHN GOLDWYER, M.D. (1821), born at Bristol, settled at Salisbury, but his health giving way, died at his mother's house in King Square, Bristol, 29th August, 1826.*

254. CHARLES GILES BRIDLE DAUBENY, M.D. (1821), F.R.S., born at Stratton, Gloucestershire, of which parish his father, the Rev. James Daubeny, was rector, his mother Helena being daughter of Andrew Daubeny, Esq., of Bristol. Having been elected a fellow of Magdalen College, he settled at Oxford, and was appointed professor of chemistry in 1822, Sherardian professor of botany in 1834, and professor of rural economy in 1840; he was chosen physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary in 1826, but resigned in 1830, about which time he withdrew from the actual practice of physic, and devoted himself exclusively to science and literature. He died 13th December, 1867, aged 72, and was buried in a vault adjoining the walls of Magdalen College Chapel, in accordance with his own expressed desire. There is a list of his publications.

272. HENRY HERBERT SOUTHEY, M.D. (1806), born at Bristol in 1783, a younger son of Robert Southey, of that city, and brother of ROBERT SOUTHEY, the poet laureate,

* For mention of two medical men of the same name in Bristol see ante, vol. iv., p.

244.

settled at Durham, where he met with immediate and marked success; but the sphere was too limited, and he removed to London in 1812. He died 13th June, 1865, aged 82, and was buried in Highgate Cemetery. P. 286. FRANCIS HAWKINS, M.D. (1823), born at Bisley, Gloucestershire, of which parish his father, the Rev. Edward Hawkins* (youngest son of Sir Cæsar Hawkins, Bart., an eminent surgeon), was then vicar. Having settled in London, he practised there, and filled several important offices. His name is inseparably connected with the College of Physicians, with which he was in different capacities for a long period honourably associated. But the great event in his connection with the college was in the capacity of registrar, to which important office he was elected on the 30th September, 1829. He held it for no less than twenty-nine years, and, to the great regret of his colleagues, resigned in 1858, when he was chosen registrar of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration. This office he resigned in 1876, and died 13th December, 1877. His portrait is in the boardroom of the Middlesex Hospital. B. H. B.

1842. TURNPIKE RIOTS AT GLOUCESTER, 1734.-Amongst the State Papers (Domestic) for 1734 is the following document, which appears to have been forwarded to the Government :

"Gloucester, May 25, 1734. We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, the Deputy Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of this City of Gloucester, humbly shew, Whereas a multitude of men, disguis'd and arm'd with guns, pistols, and swords, did between the hours of five and six this morning in an insolent and riotous manner enter this town, crying out Blood for Blood, and Down with the Turnpikes, threatening immediate death to any who should dare oppose their licentious proceedings; and after having made a parade thro' the several streets of the town, and even before the dragoons who were then mounted upon guard, they retired to the place where the turnpikes (which they had sometime before destroy'd) stood, and having erac'd the very foundation of the house built there for the collector of the toll, they demanded and took money of most of the persons who past to and from our markett; the country people readily comply'd, thinking it imprudent to resist a command backt by so much force; and moreover they assured the people that there never should for the future any be paid, they being determin'd to oppose by force all such who should presume to collect the same; and that they were also certain of sufficient numbers to assist them in carrying on their design; and that even now there were several persons ready to give them their assistance, in case there had been any danger of their

* See ante, vol. ii., p. 193.

toll

miscarriage in this attempt. So that we, being unable to restrain these outrages by our own power, & not knowing what these violent proceedings may terminate in, think ourselves under the highest obligation of duty to communicate this unhappy affair, that proper methods may be taken not only to bring those notorious offenders to condign punishment, but also that others may be deterr'd from committing the like enormities.

"ANT. EUYNE, Dep. Mayor; EDW. STEPHENS, NICHS. BAYLY, Sheriffs; O. (1) FURNEY, THOS. LUDLOW, THO. CARILL, JOHN RODWAY, WM. BELL, G. HARRIS, WM. ROBINS, THO. HILL, SAM. WORRALL, RICH. FINCH, JOHN CARILL, THOS. STEEL, THO. WILCOCKS, N. WEBB, RICHD. WEEKSY, JNO. Dowle.”

The above document is closely followed by an affidavit made by William Bennet, innholder, who deposed that "on Sunday night, the 19th June, 1734, whilst in a house situate near the turnpikes at Cainscross, a tumultuous company of disguised people, sounding a horn, and playing on a fiddle, and armed with firearms and other weapons, came up to the turnpikes and commenced hewing with axes; and when deponent looked out about two hours after, he saw that the turnpikes were utterly demolished." From the words "Keeper of the," which were written after the deponent's calling, and afterwards cancelled, it is probable that he was the collector of the tolls, and had escaped to a neighbour's house when the mob was approaching.

'J. L.

1843.-GLOUCESTERSHIRE BENEFICES IN 1832.-Dr. Monk, bishop of Gloucester, delivered his primary charge to the clergy of his diocese in the summer of 1832. At that period the abuse of pluralities, and the frequency of non-residence, excited much comment both in parliament and out of doors, and the following observations of the bishop were obviously intended to enlighten public opinion as to the difficulties under which the poorer class of incumbents laboured in fulfilling their duties. It would be interesting if some reader of these Notes who is acquainted with the facts, would inform us what has been done during the past halfcentury to remedy the evils thus complained of by Bishop Monk :

"I observe that there are no less than 75 parishes which have no glebe-house whatever; and that there are 45 others in which the house belonging to the living is not inhabited either by the incumbent or by the curate. In some of the latter cases indeed the evil might be removed by the enlargement and improvement of the mansion; but in the greater part the building termed the glebe-house is a mere cottage, affording accommodation to the family of a day-labourer. After all deductions made there remain above a hundred benefices in the diocese entirely destitute of a residence, or anything that can be converted into a residence, for the pastor. . . . He is in consequence compelled to live at a distance, and

sometimes a considerable distance, from those among whom his duties require his constant presence. . . . In all cases where the value of the living will bear the expense of building a residence, it is obviously my duty to require that recourse should be had to proper means with as little delay as possible. But the income of far the greater part of the livings of which we are speaking does not amount to the annual sum of £150, so unequal are they to bear the expense of building a dwelling-house for the incumbent !"

The bishop went on to say that the deficiency must not be suffered to continue in perpetuity, and that where the holder of a poor living enjoyed other preferment a small annual sum must be set apart from the income, and be invested for a future parsonage; and that he should for the future refuse licenses for non-residence until he was satisfied that some effort was being made to supply a dwelling. The poverty of so many incumbencies was, however, the real evil to be encountered; and though the property of the see of Gloucester was for the most part leased in such a way as to prevent him from rendering much help, he had resolved to devote a tenth part of his episcopal income to the augmentation of small benefices -an example which he trusted would not be without effect on those holding ecclesiastical patronage in the diocese.

Since writing the above, I have accidentally fallen upon a parliamentary return, showing the number of resident and nonresident incumbents in every English diocese for the year 1831. The figures appear astonishing to the present generation. Out of the 286 incumbencies in the diocese of Gloucester only 116 of the clergy (14 without parsonages) were resident; while 59 others lived near enough to their parishes to perform the duties. The nonresidents are classified under a great many heads, of which the following are the chief:-Resident at other benefices, 51; Officers, &c., at Universities, 12; Want of a parsonage, 49; Licensed to other curacies, 5; Benefices held by bishops, 3; Returns defective as to residence, 17; Absent without license, 19; Infirmity, sinecures, &c., 14-making a total of 170.

The condition of the diocese of Bristol was practically identical. Out of 252 incumbents, only 113 were resident, 59 living at other benefices, 17 being infirm, and 23 having no parsonage.

Amongst the Gloucestershire parishes which had no parsonage was Stroud, of which the town population alone numbered 9,000. The endowment of the living was less than £100 a year.

J. L.

1844.-FAIRFORD CHURCH AND THE PRESERVATION OF ITS WINDOWS. (See No. 1730.) The work of restoring the roof of the parish church of St. Mary, Fairford, and of preserving the windows, which, while forming its chief feature, constitute a unique national treasure, is proceeding steadily and satisfactorily (October, 1889). The undertaking, the foundations of which were laid by the late vicar of the parish (the Rev. A. S. Loxley), has been