at Lyall's Bay, Napier, Tauranga, Hokianga, Bay of Islands, but it seems to me to be distinctly a northern form. I have no specimens from the South Island, and found it increase in abundance from Wellington to Auckland in the North Island. In the Rangitoto Channel in January I found it to be the most abundant of all the Fucacea. 90. Marginaria boryana. Fl. Nov.-Zel., p. 213. Bluff, Dunedin, Banks Peninsula: Berggren. Sumner, St. Clair, Kaikoura: R. M. L. 91. Marginaria urvilleana. Fl. Nov.-Zel., p. 214. Banks Peninsula: Lyall. Castlepoint: Colenso. Bluff, Lyall's Bay Berggren. Kaikoura: R. M. L. 92. Landsburgia myricifolia, J. Ag., Alg. Chatham Is. 93. Landsburgia quercifolia. Fl. Nov.-Zel., p. 213. Bay of Islands: D'Urville; Colenso; Hooker; Lyall. Bluff, Lyall's Bay, Napier, Hokianga: Berggren. Sumner, Kaikoura, New Plymouth: R. M. L. 94. Sargassum sinclairii. Fl. Nov.-Zel., p. 211. Everywhere common. 95. Sargassum verruculosum (Sarg. raoulii). Fl. Nov.-Zel., p. 212. Akaroa: Raoul. Bluff: Berggren. Stewart Island, Kaikoura: R. M. L. This is one of the rarest of our Fucacea. I have other species of Sargassum, from Stewart Island and the Bay of Islands; but, as this is one of the most difficult of all the genera of the Alga, I hesitate identifying them without abundance of material. CHIEF REFERENCES. 1. "Flora Nova Zealandiæ," 1853-1855. Hooker.) 66 66 (Sir J. D. 2. Phycologia Australica," 1858-1863. (W. H. Harvey.) 3. De Algis marinis Nova-Zealandiæ," 1877. Agardh.) 66 (J. G. 4. Till Algernes Systematik," parts i., ii., iii., and vi., 1872. (J. G. Agardh.) 5. Om Chatham-öarnes Alger," 1870. (J. G. Agardh.) 6. On some Marine Algæ from New Zealand," 1893. (R. J. Harvey Gibson), Journal of Botany, vol. xxxi. 7. "Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific." (Professor Dr. Schauinsland, 1896-97.) Meersalgen von Th. Reinbold. (Sonder-Abdr. a Abh. Nat. Ver. Brem., 1899, Bd. xvi., H. 2.) EXPLANATION OF PLATES V.-VII. PLATE V. Fig. 1. Carpophyllum angustifolium, J. Ag. Bay of Islands; collected in January; R. M. L. Fig. 2. Carpophyllum phyllanthus, Turn., Hist., iv. Both specimens are from the same plant, which was gathered at Lyall's Bay in the month of September. PLATE VI. Fig. 1. Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, Turn., Hist., iv. Collected at Lyttelton in the autumn; R. M. L. Fig. 2. Carpophyllum maschalocarpum, var. laxum, R. M. L. Sugarloaves, Taranaki; January; R. M. L. Fig. 3. Carpophyllum plumosum, J. Ag. Bay of Islands; January; R.M.L. The winter form differs from this considerably (see Plate VII., fig. e). PLATE VII. a. Carpophyllum maschalocarpum (tip of frond). b. C. angustifolium (tip of frond). c. C. maschalocarpum, var. laxum (tip of frond). f., g. Basal leaves of C. phyllanthus. h. Leaf from upper portion of plant. All natural size. ART. XV. - On New Lichens from Australia and New Zealand. By JAMES STIRTON, M.D., F.L.S., &c. (Continuation of Paper in Trans. N.Z. Inst., vol. xxx., p. 382.) [Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 6th September, 1899.] Sticta rubella, Hook., presents obstacles to a complete determination, inasmuch as the original specimens are barren. Nylander in his Lich. N.Z. (1889) merely mentions two new stations for the plant, without giving a description of the apothecia or spores, leading to the inference that these are also barren. In a parcel of lichens sent several years ago by the late Baron F. von Mueller there is a Sticta in fruit, whose characters are nearly identical with those given by Nylander in his Synopsis Meth., page 361. I am extremely sorry I can only discriminate two or three of the specimens in this parcel. The rest seem to have been soaked, almost macerated, in water for some time, and are accordingly nearly unavailable for diagnosis. As the spores in Müller's specimen are almost unique (as regards the genus) in their internal organization, I prefer to describe this lichen apart, more especially as I have already described another (Trans. Roy. Soc. Victoria, 1880) from Queensland, sent by Mr. F. M. Bailey, under the name Parmosticta rubrina. The thallus of Mr. Bailey's lichen has also characters analogous to those of St. rubella, but has spores of quite a different construction from those of Baron Müller's specimen. There are short white hairs on the margin and neighbouring upper surface of the lacinia, as described by Nylander, l.c., and otherwise the characters are not dissimilar. Parmosticta purpurascens, Strn. Apothecia rufa marginalia, elevata, cupuliformia, magna (latit. 4-8 mm.), receptaculum thallinum extus rubricosum, vix rugulosum, interdum læve, supra, late citrino-sorediosum, inflexum; spora 4-8næ, fuscæ vel fusco-rufæ, oblongoellipsoideæ vel obtuse fusiformes, 4-loculares (loculis subquadratis et inter se tubulo junctis), interdum etiam 3-septatæ, 0.028-0.03 0.01-0.013 mm.; paraphyses distinctæ. Iodo g.h. bene cærulescens. The extremities of the spores are often nearly colourless and almost papilliform. There appear to be two kinds of gonidia; one kind uniformly small, 0.005-0·009 mm. diam. ; the other large, 0·012-0·028 mm. diam., with yellow granular contents. Sticta lorifera, Strn. Similis St. impressa, Tayl., et similiter laciniata sed supra cephalodiis numerosis, pallidis, fere globosis adspersa; medulla alba vel pallida, K flavens; subtus nigricans, versus marginem pallidior, dense et breviter nigro-rhizinosa et pseudocyphellis parvis pallidis vel interdum albido-flavis; apothecia nigra primum marginata dein immarginata, plana, marginalia, receptaculo extus rugoso vel papilloso-aspero. Gonidia diam., 0.008 -0.016 mm. New Zealand, prope Wellington (J. Buchanan). The This lichen is included under what Nylander calls “St. physciospora," but which I hold should be called "St. impressa, Tayl." The spores are fuscous, shortly polari-bilocular, rarely 4-locular, and 0.022-0·028 × 0·008–0·01 mm. thallus is divided almost to the base into long, narrow, tapering lacinia, which are scarcely transversely costate, and only show such ribs near the base. This lichen, so abundant in New Zealand, shows wonderful diversity of aspect, and the present is one of the most characteristic. Sticta expansa, Strn. Thallus amplus, interdum fere pedalis, cervinus vel cinereofuscescens, late laciniato lobatus lobis sæpe imbricatis, scrobiculato- fossulatus vel reticulatim costatus, subtus ochraceus, centrum versus obscurior et ibi obscure vel nigricanti-tomentosus, pseudocyphellis parvis, citrinis creberriter adspersus, intus albus; apothecia sparsa nigra mediocria, margine integro vel fere integro cincta; sporæ Snæ, fuscæ, 2-loculares, sæpe breviter polari - biloculares, 0.02-0.027 × 0.007-0·0085 mm. Gonidia fere leptogonidia parva, diam. 0.005-0·008 mm. (raro 0·009 mm.) contentis non granulatis. Corticola prope Wellington (J. Buchanan). This is closely allied to St. glaucolurida, Nyl., and may be its completely developed condition. If so, Nylander's lichen may be called a variety of it under the same name. There is no reaction by K on the medulla. There is scattered over the upper surface of this Sticta a parasitic Verrucaria, which may be described. Verrucaria simplicior, Strn. Perithecium sessile, nigrum, minutum fere sphæricum, prominulum; spora Snæ, incolores, simplices, oblongæ, 2-nucleatæ, 0·009-0011 x 0.003-0004 mm.; paraphyses nullæ. Iodo g.h. non tincta. Sticta grandis, Strn. Thallus firmus crassiusculus mediocris (latit. 5-9-pollicaris) rufescenti-cervinus vel rufescens, læviusculus vel versus marginem leviter corrugatulus, laciniato-lobatus lobis sinuosodivisis, margine hinc inde, et paululum supra, albo-pilosus, subtus nigricans et versus marginem ochraceus vel ochraceopallidus, breviter nigricanti - tomentosus, pseudocyphellis parvis citrinis ornatus; medulla alba K-; apothecia sparsa, cæsio-pruinosa, detrita nigra (latit. 2-5 mm.) receptaculo thallino extus papilloso-aspero, margine primum inflexo et lacerato dein dentato, demum fere depresso; sporæ Snæ, fuscæ, fusiformes, 1-septatæ, sæpius breviter polaribiloculares, 0.025-0.034 x 0·007-0·01 mm. Gonidia flavescentia, diam. 0.007-0.015 mm. Oxford Bush, New Zealand (T. W. N. Beckett). This curious lichen presents characteristics in common with St. pubescens, Müll. Arg., St. granulata, Bab., St. glaucolurida, Nyl., and St. obvoluta, Ach. How far we are warranted in retaining these lichens as distinct species is an open question. Meanwhile, in accordance with modern ideas of specific distinction, I have no alternative but to keep them apart. Certainly the present is the most perfectly developed of the group. Sticta elatior, Strn. Similis St. fossulata sed thalla, supra, pallido vel glaucescenti-pallido, subtus ochraceo, centro nigricante. Apothecia cæsio-pruinosa, detrita, nigra; spora Snæ fuscæ, obtuse fusiformes, 2-loculares, vix polaribiloculares, interdum tenuiter 1-septatæ, 0·022-0.027 x 0.008-0.01 mm.; medulla pallida vel pallido-albida, K sordide flavescens vel vix colorata. Gonidia flavescentia, 0·009-0.014 mm. diam. Supra thallum cephalodia numerosa fere sphæroidea, intus fibrosa fibrillis fere rectus hinc inde constricta. New Zealand, prope Wellington (J. Buchanan). The cephalodia are (in the specimen) very numerous, and of a pale flesh-colour. Sticta orygmæa, Ach., var. calvescens, Strn. Similis St. orygmææ sed subtus nuda. (New Zealand.) Sticta parvula, Strn. Thallus sordide et pallide virescens vel demum fulvescentipallescens (latit. 1-2-pollicaris), lævis, fere omnino laciniatus laciniis (latit. 2-4 mm.) planis linearibus divaricato et sinuoso -multifidis, apice retusis, subtus lutescens vel ochraceo-lutescens, nudus, lævis vel minute rugulosus. Gonidia flavescentia majuscula, diam. 0·012-0.02 min. Sterilis; Queensland (C. de Burgh) prope Lachlan River, Australia (Hb. F. von Müller). There was seen only one immature fuscescent apothecium with undeveloped spores. There are neither cyphellæ nor tomentum. Stictina luridoviolacea, Strn. Thallus pallescenti-luridus vel lurido-fuscescens vel etiam lurido-violaceus, mediocris (latit. 3-5-pollicaris), firmus vel rigescens, laciniato-lobatus lobis crenato-incisis, scrobiculatofoveolatis (fere sicut in Sticta fossulata), margine hinc inde minute citrino-sorediosus, intus medulla citrina vel pallide citrina, subtus nigricans, crasse et creberriter rhizinosus rhizinis validis, brevibus, rectis, nigricantibus, pseudocyphellis citrinis minutis præditus; apothecia nigra, mediocria, margine crenato cincta; sporæ fuscæ biloculares, obtuse fusiformes, 0.025-0.03 × 0.008-0.01 mm. Gonimia cærulescentia, globosa vel oblonga, diam. 0.004 -0.007 mm. Snowy Creek, Ovens River, Australia (Mrs. McCann). Here also a tendency is shown to the spores becoming shortly polari-bilocular, with nearly colourless pellucid apices. Allied to St. gilrea, Thunb., but with a citrine medulla, &c. Stictina suberecta, Strn. Thallus parvus stipitatus vel substipitatus, erectus vel suberectus (altit. 2-3 centimetrorum), lobato-incisus vel dis |