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COMMERCIAL CODE OF SIGNALS.*

1. How many Flags does the Commercial Code of Signals consist of?

A.-Of Eighteen Flags, including One Burgee and Four Pennants; but there is in addition a "Code Signal" or "Answering Pennant.'

2.-What do these Flags represent?

A.-They represent the consonants of the Alphabet, from B to W; and it is by a combination of Two, Three, or Four of these Flags in a hoist that arbitrary signs are made, which represent words and sentences of the same signification in all languages. 3.-Describe the several Flags and Pennants?

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J

K

Blue, White, and Blue-horizontal-White in centre.
Yellow and Blue-vertical.

L

Blue and Yellow-in four cheques.

M Blue, with White cross from corner to corner.

N Rendezvous Flag-Blue and White-sixteen cheques. Blue Peter-Blue Flag, with small White square in the middle.

Р

→ The examinations are intended to elicit whether the Candidate possessesIst. A knowledge of the distinctive features of the Code.

2nd.—The power of making and interpreting with facility Signals made with Flags, as well as Distance and Boat Signals.

3rd. The power of interpreting Signals made by the Semaphore.

For this purpose the Examiners are supplied with models of Masts, Flags, and Semaphores.

Q

R

S

T

V

The Quarantine Flag-Yellow.

Red, with Yellow cross-vertical and horizontal.
White, with Blue square in the middle.

Tricolour-Red, White, and Blue-vertical.
White, with red cross from corner to corner.

W Blue, White, and Red-outer border Blue, inner
border White, centre Red.

CODE SIGNAL OR ANSWERING PENNANT.

Red and White, in vertical stripes.

4.-Where are the Flags to be hoisted in signalling?

A.-At the Peak or Mizzenmast-head, where it can best be seen. 5.-What is the object of the Code Pennant, and how is it used? A.-The object of the Code Pennant is to show this particular Code is used, and it is to be hoisted under the ensign whilst signalling.

6.-Is the Code Signal used for any other purpose?

A.--Yes, it is used for an answering pennant-that is to indicate that any Signal that has been hoisted is understood.

7.-About to signal with this Code, and having hoisted the Code Signal under the Ensign, what do you do next?

A.-Wait for the signal from the other ship, and then hoist the signal I wish to make.

8.-What Signals can be made with one Flag?

A.-Only two, the White Pennant (C) signifying Yes, and the Blue Pennant (D) signifying No.

9.-How many kinds of Two Flag Signals are there, and what are they?

A.-There are three kinds: they are Attention Signals, Compass 'Signals, and Urgent Signals.

10.-How do you distinguish one kind from the other?

A.-Attention or Demand Signals have the Burgee on top, Compass Signals a Pennant on top, and Urgent Signals have a square Flag on top.

The Hoists of Two Flags with the Burgee uppermost, represented on Plate II, are Attention or Demand Signals.

Examples-What ship is that (BD). Calls attention of Shore Signal Station (BS).

The Hosits of Two Flags with a Pennant uppermost, represented on Plate II, are Compass Signals.

Example-S.W. W. (FN).

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11. Could you recognise the Quadrant of the Compass by any peculiar characteristic in the Hoist?

A.-Yes; each Quadrant of the Compass has one of the four Pennants allotted to it, thus:

From N. to E. N. the C Pennant is uppermost.

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E. to S.
S. to W.

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E. the D Pennant is

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S. the F Pennant is uppermost.
W. to N.W. the G Pennant is uppermost.

12. What is the meaning of a Two Flag Signal with a Pennant uppermost, and the Flag or Sign of W below it?

A. It relates to the Meteorological (or Weather) forecast issued by the Meteorological Department of the country where the Signal is made.

13. What do the Hoists of Two Flags, with a Square Flag uppermost, represent?

A.-Danger, distress, or very important and urgent Signals, and are not to be neglected.

Examples (see Plate II)-You are standing into danger (JD). In distress, want assistance (NC).

14.-What kind of Signals are those made with Three Flags? A. They are called GENERAL Signals, that is, they relate to general subjects of enquiry or communication, and represent questions and replies on damage to Ship, Crew, or Passengers, Latitude and Longitude, Time, Wind and Weather, Repairs, Supplies, Anchorage, Pilots, Commercial Transactions, &c., &c. 15.-What do Three Flag Signals having the Flag F, G, or H uppermost, generally, but not exclusively, relate to?

A.-Latitude, Longitude, Meridian, Time, Wind, and Weather. Examples (see Plate II)—FHC = 6° Lat.; GST = 10 A.M. 16.-How many kinds of Four Flag Signals are there, and what are they?

A.-There are four kinds: they are Geographical, National, Vocabulary, Names, Names of Men of War, and Names of Merchant Ships.

17.-What does a Hoist made with Four Flags, and having the Burgee uppermost, represent?

A.-Geographical Signals, namely, Countries, Ports, Capes, Islands, Seas, Channels, Bays, &c.

Example (see Plate II)—BGHS = Kingtown near Dublin. 18.-How would you signal the name of the port you were bound to?

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A. By a Geographical Signal, that is, by Four Flags, the Burgee being the top flag.

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