The Scepter of Reason: Public Discussion and Political Radicalism in the Origins of ConstitutionalismSpringer Science & Business Media, 2001. 11. 30. - 143페이지 It is not unusual that formal and informal discussions about the political system, its virtues, and its many defects, conclude in a discussion about impartiality. In fact, we all discuss impartiality when we talk about the best way to equally consider all viewpoints. We show our concerns with impartiality when, facing a particular problem, we try to figure out the best solution for all of us, given our conflicting interests. Thus, the quest for impartiality tends to be a common objective for most of us, although we normally disagree on its particular contents. Generally, these formal and informal discussions about impartiality conclude in a dispute between different "epistemic" conceptions. That is to say, simply, that in these situations we begin to disagree about best procedure to defme the more neutral, impartial solution for all of us.! Basically, trying to answer this question we tend to fluctuate between two opposite positions. According to some, the best way to know which is the more impartial solution is to resort to a process of collective reflection: in those situations we have to consider the opinions of all those who are possibly affected. |
목차
Radicalism and Conservatism in England | 1 |
The Crisis of Political Representation | 4 |
The Radical Societies in England | 7 |
The Radicals Epistemic View and their Egalitarinism | 8 |
The Radicals Institutional Proposals | 11 |
The Conservative Challenge | 13 |
When Thomas Paine Confronted Edmund Burke | 17 |
Radicalism and Populism in the US | 21 |
The Problems of the System of Checks and Balances | 71 |
The Conservative Reaction II Defending the New Institutions in the Federal Convention | 75 |
The Federalists | 77 |
The North American Constitution and Epistemic Elitism | 79 |
Some Basic Tools | 81 |
The Executive | 83 |
The Senate | 87 |
The Judiciary | 91 |
A Government for the Majority | 22 |
Town Meeting and Country Conventions | 29 |
The Experiment of Unchecked Majorities | 31 |
The Constitution of Pennsylvania in Motion | 36 |
The Critical Period of American History | 39 |
The Demand for Paper Money and CounterInstitutional Reactions | 41 |
Institutional | 43 |
The PaperMoney Crisis in Rhone Island | 45 |
The Critics of RadicalismPopulism | 49 |
The Conservative Reaction James Madison Institutional Reforms Against the Power of Factions | 55 |
Defining the Vices of the Political System | 56 |
Analyzing the Madisonian Definition of Factions | 59 |
Representation | 61 |
Minorities | 64 |
Checks and Balances | 67 |
The Conservative Model of Deliberation | 95 |
The Elitist Character of the Conservative Model of Deliberation | 98 |
Why Restricted Deliberation? | 100 |
Radicalism and Public Deliberation | 103 |
Why Public Deliberation? | 105 |
Contemporary Political Institutions and Deliberation | 111 |
The Possibility of Deliberation | 112 |
The Judiciary and Public Dialogue | 114 |
The Political Branches of Government and Deliberation | 120 |
We the People and Interbranch Dialogue | 123 |
Final Notes | 126 |
131 | |
139 | |
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According adequate adopted affirmed Antifederalists arguments assembly assumed assumptions basically belief Burke checks and balances claims Clearly common conception conservative Court criticisms debates debtors defended deliberative democracy democratic direct democracy discussion Edmund Burke effect electors elitist epistemic view example fact factions Farrand favor Federal Convention Federalist Federalist Papers Framers Hamilton ibid idea important indirect elections institutional system interests ISBN James Madison Jon Elster Joseph Priestley judges judicial review Judiciary laws legislative legislature Madison Madisonian majority minority North American object opinion organization Paine paper money Parliament particular passions Pennsylvania people's period political deliberation political system popular populist position possible present principle problems promote proposed public deliberation Putney Debates radicals reasons recognize refer representation representative system Rhode Island secure seems self-interest Senate sense Shays significant situation society system of checks tended Thomas Jefferson Thomas Paine town meetings U.S. Constitution unicameral