discredit the administration in the eyes of the American people finally alienated their support of his course, and led President Washington to ask his recall by the French government. In January, 1794, Washington was able to announce that this request had been complied with. Genet. passed the remainder of his life in New York, where he was married and naturalized.

Geneva Award. The settlement of the Alabama Claims was referred by the Treaty of Washington to five arbitrators, to be appointed by the President of the United States, the Queen of Great Britain, the King of Italy, the President of the Swiss Confederation and the Emperor of Brazil. These rulers, in the above order, named as arbitrators. Charles Francis Adams, Lord Chief Justice Sir Alexander Cockburn, Count Federigo Sclopis, Mr. Jaques Staempfli and Baron Itajuba. J. C. Bancroft Davis and Lord Tenterden, respectively, represented as agents the United States and Great Britain. The tribunal met at Geneva, Switzerland, on December 15, 1871, and Count Sclopis was made president. Each government submitted its proofs and arguments, which were carefully considered by the arbitrators. The United States claimed damages both for direct and for indirect losses, and for injuries occasioned by thirteen vessels. The tribunal decided to allow only direct losses caused by the Florida and the Alabama, with their tenders, and by the Shenandoah during part of her cruise. Various rules of international law were laid down which supported most of the contentions of our government. It was decided that the expenses incurred in pursuing the cruisers and the prospective earnings of the destroyed merchant vessels should not be included in the award; that net, and not gross, freights should be allowed, and that reasonable interest should be included. Finally, on the 14th of September, 1872, the tribunal "awarded to the United States a sum of $15,500,000 in gold as the indemnity to be paid by Great Britain to the United States as the satisfaction of all the claims referred to the consideration of the tribunal." The English representative cast the only dissenting vote, but Great Britain accepted the decision and paid the award within a year.

Geneva Tribunal. (See Geneva Award.)

Gentleman George. A name applied to George H. Pendleton, of Ohio. Pendleton was born in Ohio in 1825. In 1879 he was elected United States Senator, and was, in 1885, appointed United States Minister to Germany. He was a Democrat. Died November 24, 1889.

George, Henry, was born in Philadelphia, September 2, 1839. While very young he went to sea; ultimately he settled in California where he became a journalist. In 1879 his book, "Progress and Poverty," was published. In this he states his well-known theory that the rise of land values is the cause of want, and that the remedy lies in taxing land to its full rent value. In 1886 he was nominated as mayor of the city of New York by the United Labor party, receiving 68,110 votes to 90,552 cast for the Democratic and 60,435 for the Republican candidate. He subsequently founded the Standard, a weekly newspaper devoted to labor interests. He died at New York City, October 29, 1897.

Georgia was one of the original States of the Union. On January 19, 1861, a State convention passed an ordinance of secession, and Georgia was re-admitted to the Union by act of June 25, 1868; but the State was considered by Congress to have failed in complying with its reconstruction policy and the re-admission was not complete till made so by act of July 15, 1870. The capital is Atlanta. It was named as a colony in honor of George II, King of England, and is called popularly the Empire State of the South. (See Cherokee Case; Territories; Yazoo Fraud.)

Gerry, Elbridge, was born at Marblehead, Massachusetts, July 17, 1744, and died November 23, 1814. He was a graduate of Harvard. He was a member of the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1780 and 1783 to 1785. He was a member of the Convention of 1787. He was in Congress from 1789 to 1793, and was a commissioner to France. (See X. Y. Z. Mission.) He was elected VicePresident in 1812 on the Republican (Democratic-Republican) ticket, and died in office.

Gerrymander. Gerrymandering is the process of so arranging electoral districts as to give a majority of Congressmen, or State legislators, as the case may be, to the

party having the minority in the total popular vote of the State. This is accomplished by combining a community having a large majority in favor of the manipulating party, with another in which that party has a minority a little smaller than its majority in the former; the result of the union is a district in which the party has a small majority. This process has been practised all over the Union. Its name arose as follows: In 1814 the Senate districts of Massachusetts were laid out with the aim of electing to that body a majority of Democrats. The result was great irregularity in the shape of many of the districts. One in particular was so distorted that the Boston C'entinel published a colored map of it, to which a few artistic touches were added for the purpose of giving it resemblance to some monstrous animal. This mythical animal they named "gerrymander," composed of the surname of Elbridge Gerry, who, in 1810-12, was Governor of the State, and of the termination of "salamander."

Gettysburg Speech. A speech delivered by President Lincoln, on the battle-field of Gettysburg, on the occasion of the dedication of a cemetery for the soldiers that had fallen in that battle. The speech is given in full under Lincoln, Abraham.

Ghent, Treaty of. (See Treaty of Ghent.)

Giddings' Resolutions. On March 21, 1842, Joshua R. Giddings, of Ohio, offered a series of nine resolutions in the House of Representatives relating to the Creole Case (which see). They were in effect that the States had never delegated their jurisdiction of the subject of slavery to the United States; that slavery, an abridgment of a natural right, can exist only by positive law, and that a United States vessel on the high seas is under United States, and no longer under State, jurisdiction; and, finally, bringing the Creole into the above class of ships, they declared that no law was violated by the slaves in securing their freedom, and that attempts to re-enslave the escaped slaves would be unconstitutional and unrepublican. The House at once put a stop to all discussion on these resolutions, and passed a resolution censuring Giddings. He resigned his seat, but was at once re-elected by an overwhelming majority,