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organized under the laws of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States (including the Philippine Islands), or the District of Columbia, the President is authorized to direct that such action be taken as will permit the compensation of such offices or positions to be fixed in accordance with the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, consistently with the laws of any such State, Territory, or possession, or the District of Columbia, or with the charter or articles of incorporation of any such corporation.

(b) Whenever the President, upon report and recommendation by the Commission, shall find and declare that one or more officers or positions to which the Classification Act of 1923, as amended and extended, is applicable, may not fairly and reasonably be allocated to the professional and scientific service, the subprofessional service, the clerical, administrative, and fiscal service, the custodial service, or the clerical-mechanical service, as described in the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, he may by Executive order prescribe and define such additional classification services and grades thereof as he may deem necessary and shall describe, and fix the ranges of compensation for, the grades of such services within the limits of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, so that they shall be comparable, as nearly as may be, with the grades in said Act, as amended, for offices or positions that are comparable as to duties, responsibilities, qualifications required, and other conditions of employment.

(c) Whenever the President, upon report and recommendation by the Commission. shall find and declare that the rates of the compensation schedules of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, are inadequate for any offices or positions under such Act, as amended and extended, he may by Executive order establish necessary schedules of differentials in the rates prescribed in such compensation schedules, but the differentials in the compensation of any such office or position shall not exceed 25 per centum of the minimum rate of the grade to which such office or position is allocated under such compensation schedules: Provided, That the provisions of this subsection shall be applicable only to such offices or positions having the following characteristics:

Offices or positions which are located at stations that are isolated, remote, or inaccessible when compared with stations at which offices or positions of the same character are usually located, or which involve physical hardships or hazards that are excessive when compared with those usually involved in offices or positions of the same character, or which are located outside the States of the United States and the District of Columbia: Provided further, That nothing herein contained shall preclude the Commission from taking the factor of isolation, hardship, hazard, or foreign service into consideration in allocating a given class of offices or positions to a service and grade under the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, if such factor is uniformly involved in each office or position in the class, in which event no differential is authorized under this section.

(d) Except as Congress may otherwise provide by law, the power granted to the President by this section shall not apply to the following:

(i) Offices or positions in the Postal Service the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved February 28, 1925 (43 Stat. 1033), as amended;

(ii) Offices or positions of teachers, librarians, school-attendance officers, and employees of the community-center department under the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved June 7, 1924 (43 Sta. 658);

(iii) Offices or positions in the Metropolitan Police, in the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, and in the United States Park Police, the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved July 1, 1930 (46 Stat. 839);

(iv) Commissioned officers and enlisted personnel in the military and naval services and the Coast Guard, and commissioned officers in the Public Health Service and the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved June 10, 1922 (42 Stat. 625), as amended;

(v) Offices or positions in the Government Printing Office the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 658);

(vi) Offices or positions of foreign-service officers in the Foreign Service of the United States the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved May 24, 1924 (43 Stat. 140), as amended, including those offices and positions transferred under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved April 3, 1939, to the Department of State by part 1, section 1, of Reorganization Plan Numbered II, effective July 1, 1939;

(vii) Offices or positions of clerks in the Foreign Service of the United States the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved February 23, 1931 (46 Stat. 1207), including those offices and positions transferred under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved April 3, 1939, to the Department of State by part 1, section 1, of Reorganization Plan Numbered II, effective July 1, 1939;

(viii) Offices or positions of verifiers-openers-packers, clerks, guards, inspectors, station inspectors, and laborers in the Customs Service of the Treasury Department the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved May 29, 1928 (45 Stat. 955), as amended;

(ix) Offices or positions of inspectors in the Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Labor the compensation of which is fixed under an Act of Congress approved May 29, 1928 (45 Stat. 954), as amended;

(x) Offices or positions the duties of which are to serve as an officer or member of the crew of a vessel, except that the President may by Executive order extend the provisions of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, to offices or positions in the Bureau of Lighthouses;

(xi) Offices or positions the duties of which are to perform the work of an apprentice, helper, or journeyman in a recognized trade or craft, or other skilled mechanical craft, or the work of an unskilled, semiskilled, or skilled laborer, except that whenever such offices or positions involve work in the regular custody, operation, or maintenance of a Government building, or other Government property, or work which is subordinate, incidental, or preparatory to work of a professional, scientific, or technical

character, the President, upon a finding that the characteristics and working conditions of such offices or positions render them substantially the same as comparable offices or positions in the District of Columbia included within the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, may by Executive order extend the provisions of such Act to include them; and

(xii) Offices or positions in the Tennessee Valley Authority.

(e) In carrying out the provisions of this title, and the provisions of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, there shall be no discrimination against any person, or with respect to the position held by any person, on account of race, creed, or color. (Nov. 26, 1940, Sec. 3, 54 Stat. 1212.)

227-4. Same; President authorized to exclude certain positions.-The President is authorized, after suitable investigation by the Commission, which shall include consultation with representatives of the heads of executive departments and independent agencies, in or under the jurisdiction of which the offices or positions hereinafter designated are located, and upon a finding that such action is necessary to the more efficient operation of the Government, to exclude, by Executive order, from the provisions of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended and extended under this Act

Offices or positions on work which is financed jointly by the United States and a State, Territory, or possession of the United States (including the Philippine Islands), or political subdivision thereof, or cooperating persons or organizations outside the service of the Federal Government, and the pay of which is fixed under a cooperative agreement with the United States; offices or positions, none or only part of the compensation of which is paid from funds of the United States; offices or positions filled by inmates, patients, students, or beneficiaries in Government institutions; offices or positions outside the States of the United States and the District of Columbia filled by natives of Territories or possessions of the United States (including the Philippine Islands) or foreign nationals; emergency or seasonal offices or positions in the field service, or other field offices or positions, the duties of which are of purely temporary duration, or which are required only for brief periods at intervals; and offices or positions filled by persons employed locally on a fee, contract, or pice-work basis who may lawfully perform their duties concurrently with their private profession, business, or other employment and whose duties require only a portion of their time, where it is impracticable to ascertain or anticipate the proportion of time devoted to the service of the Federal Government. (Nov. 26, 1940, Sec. 4, 54 Stat. 1214.)

227-5. Same; allocation of offices or positions; initial compensation.— When any extension of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, becomes effective under this Act

(a) The allocations of offices or positions to services, grades, and classes shall be made as set forth in section 4 of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, and in accordance with a uniform procedure to be prescribed by the Commission; and

(b) The initial compensation of the incumbents of the offices or positions to which the provisions of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, are extended under this Act, shall be fixed in accordance

with section 6 of the Classification Act of 1923, as amended. (Nov. 26, 1940; Sec. 5, 54 Stat. 1215.)

227-6. Same; promotions; veterans' preference provision.-Nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the promotion of an officer or employee from an office or position in one class to a vacant office or position in a higher class at any time in accordance with civilservice laws, and when so promoted the officer or employee shall receive compensation according to the schedule established for the class to which he is promoted. Nor shall anything in this Act be construed to prevent the application of the existing veteran-preference provisions in civil-service laws, Executive orders, and rulings. (Nov. 26, 1940; Sec. 6, 54 Stat. 1215.)

RETIREMENT OF CIVIL SERVICE EMPLOYEES

233a. Employees included.

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(b) Superintendents of United States national cemeteries, and such employees of the offices of solicitors of the several executive departments, of the Architect of the Capitol, of the Library of Congress, of the United States Botanic Garden, of the recorder of deeds and register of wills of the District of Columbia, of the United States Soldiers' Home, of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, of the State Department without the continental limits of the United States who are United States citizens and not within the Foreign Service as defined in the Act of May 24, 1924, and amendments thereof, of the Indian Service at large whose tenure of employment is not intermittent nor of uncertain duration, and the Director, Assistant Directors, inspectors, and special agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice.

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(g) This Act shall not apply to such employees of the Lighthouse Service as come within the provisions of section 6 of the Act of June 20, 1918, entitled "An Act to authorize aids to navigation and for other works in the Lighthouse Service, and for other purposes", nor to members of the police and fire departments of the municipal government of the District of Columbia, nor to such employees or groups of employees as may have been before the effective date of this Act excluded by Executive orders from the benefits of the Act of May 22, 1920, and amendments thereof.

(h) The provisions of this Act may be extended by Executive order, upon recommendation of the Civil Service Commission, to apply to any employee or group of employees in the civil service of the United States not included at the time of its passage. The President shall have power, in his discretion, to exclude from the operation of this Act any employee or group of employees in the civil service whose tenure of office or employment is intermittent or of uncertain duration. (i) Any officer or employee to whom the Act of July 13, 1937 (Public, Numbered 206, Seventy-fifth Congress, first session), applies who has failed to exercise the option provided thereby to come within the terms of the Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, may exercise such option within six months from the effective date of this Act. (May 22, 1920, sec. 1, 41 Stat. 614; July 3, 1926, sec. 3, 44 Stat. 905;

May 29, 1930, sec. 3, 46 Stat. 470; June 23, 1936, 49 Stat. 1888; Aug. 4, 1939, sec. 1, 53 Stat. 1200; 5 U. S. C., sec. 693.)

234. Method of computing annuities.-(a) The annuity of an employee retired under the provisions of the preceding sections of this Act shall be a life annuity, terminable upon the death of the annuitant and shall be composed of (1) a sum equal to $30 for each year of service not exceeding thirty: Provided, That such portion of the annuity shall not exceed three-fourths of the average annual basic salary, pay, or compensation received by the employee during any five consecutive years of allowable service at the option of the employee; nor shall such portion be less than an amount equal to the employee's purchasable annuity as provided in (2) hereof; and (2) the amount of annuity purchasable with the sum to the credit of the employee's individual account as provided in section 12 (a) hereof, together with interest at 4 per centum per annum compounded on June 30 of each year, according to the experience of the civil-service retirement and disability fund as may from time to time be set forth in tables of annuity values by the Board of Actuaries.

(b) The total annuity paid shall in no case be less than an amount equal to the average annual basic salary, pay, or compensation, not to exceed $1,600 per annum, received by the employee during any five consecutive years of allowable service at the option of the employee, multiplied by the number of years of service, not exceeding thirty years, and divided by forty.

(c) Any employee at the time of his retirement may elect to receive, in lieu of the life annuity herein described, an increased annuity of equivalent value which shall carry with it a proviso that no unexpended part of the principal upon the annuitant's death shall be returned.

(d) Any employee retiring under the provisions of section 1 of this Act may at the time of his retirement elect to receive in lieu of the life annuity described herein a reduced annuity payable to him during his life, and an annuity after his death payable to his beneficiary, duly designated in writing and filed with the Civil Service Commission at the time of his retirement, during the life of such beneficiary (a) equal to or (b) 50 per centum of such reduced annuity and upon the death of such surviving beneficiary all payments shall cease and no further annuity shall be due or payable. The amounts of the two annuities shall be such that their combined actuarial value on the date of retirement as determined by the Civil Service Commission shall be the same as the actuarial value of the single life increased annuity with forfeiture provided by this section: Provided, That no election in lieu of the life annuity provided herein shall become effective in case an employee dies within thirty days after the effective date of retirement, and in the event of such death within this period, such death shall be considered as a death in active service. (e) For the purpose of this Act all periods of service shall be computed in accordance with section 5 hereof, and the annuity shall be fixed at the nearest multiple of twelve.

(f) The term "basic salary, pay, or compensation," wherever used in this Act, shall be so construed as to exclude from the operation of the Act all bonuses, allowances, overtime pay, or salary, pay, or compensation given in addition to the base pay of the position as fixed

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