Beginning at Mohannas Creek, the triangulation was continued up the river to Bailey Rips. Another scheme of triangulation was extended downstream from a measured base near Woodland to a point about three-fourths mile above Bailey Rips. These triangulation schemes were tied to first-order triangulation stations of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and in later years were connected by a traverse run along the river.

While the Canadian party was completing the greater portion of the above triangulation work, the United States party ran secondary traverses from triangulation stations "Middlemiss" and "Pomeroy" to points on the river near Woodland, Me., and Pomeroy Landing, New Brunswick, and on August 15 moved camp to Spednik Falls. Working from this camp, the party ran secondary traverse lines from triangulation station "Pomeroy" to establish local stations at the two pitches of Grand Falls, and a secondary traverse line from station "Scotch Ridge Church Spire" to Gleason Point.

On August 1 the Canadian party moved camp to the mouth of Canoose River, a tributary of the St. Croix. They ran a secondary traverse from the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey station "Oak" to Dog Island Rips, and from that point carried a scheme of triangulation downstream to near Gleason Point and upstream to the mouth of the Canoose River.

The parties withdrew from the field during the last week of October.

determination of the geographic positions of boundary reference monuments, the operations being similar in all respects to those of the previous seasons.

The Canadian party, consisting of 15 men, made their first camp at Loon Bay, an expansion of the St. Croix River, about half way between Vanceboro, Me., and Woodland, Me. After establishing control stations in this vicinity by transit and steel-tape traverse which was connected to a traverse run the previous year, the party moved south by team and wagon to Pomeroy Landing.

In the meantime the United States party, consisting of eight men, had established a camp near Woodland, and from this camp and the Canadian camp near Pomeroy Landing the two parties, each on its own side, took up the survey of the new shore line of the flooded area (now known as Woodland Flowage Lake) formed by the construction of the Woodland Dam. The flooded area was filled with a dense growth of standing timber which had been killed by the rising water, and this condition, together with log-driving operations which were then under way, made movement from one point to another both difficult and dangerous and materially reduced the rate of progress of the work. The traverses of the new shore line formed by the impounded water above the dam were completed and tied together before the end of the season, and both parties moved to Vanceboro, Me.

During the remainder of the season the United States party made a topographic map on a scale of 1:10,000 of the river in the vicinity of Vanceboro, and extended

a combined scheme of triangulation and traverse from a point a short distance above the dam at Vanceboro downstream to Little Falls. When this was completed, they moved camp to Grand Lake and started work in the vicinity of Butterfield Landing. The Canadian party during this time had established a camp on Spednik Lake from which they worked northward along the lake, setting boundary reference monuments and doing the necessary triangulation. Both parties discontinued field work about the end of October.

The personnel of the field parties for the season of 1911 was as follows:

For His Britannic Majesty: Chief of party, A. J. Brabazon, D. L. S.; assistants, C. R. Westland, D. L. S., C. H. Brabazon.

For the United States: Chief of party, J. E. McGrath.

SEASON OF 1912—THE BOUNDARY THROUGH SPEDNIK, MUD, GRAND, AND NORTH LAKES, AND ALONG MONUMENT BROOK

The United States and Canadian parties began operations late in May, 1912, at the points where they had discontinued work the preceding fall.

The United States party, consisting of nine men, whose outfit had been stored at Danforth, moved by team and wagon to Butterfield Landing on Grand Lake and from that point by motor boat to a camp site on North Lake.

While at this camp they completed the triangulation on Grand Lake, North Lake, the connecting waterway between these lakes, known as The Thoroughfare, and the lower and wider part of Monument Brook. They also ran a transit-andsteel-tape traverse along the narrower portion of Monument Brook as far as station "Poplar Mountain." This work was completed by September 18.

In the meantime the Canadian party, consisting of fourteen men, in camp near Forest City, New Brunswick, had completed the triangulation on Spednik and Mud Lakes and had traversed the streams which connect Grand Lake with Mud Lake and Mud Lake with Spednik Lake.

The dam which had recently been constructed at the outlet of Spednik Lake had raised the level of the lake and flooded the heavily timbered shores, and through this timber, much of which stood in water 5 to 10 feet deep, lines of sight had to be opened between triangulation stations on opposite sides of the lake. This was slow and difficult work, the axmen having to work in water near the shores and from boats where the lake was too deep for wading.

The triangulation on Grand, Spednik, and North Lakes and the traverse of Monument Brook were tied in at several points to the scheme of first-order triangulation of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey.

After the completion of the work on the lakes, the Canadian party moved by team and wagon to a camp near the source of Monument Brook and ran a transitand-steel-tape traverse from Initial Monument southward along the brook to a junction with the work of the United States party at Poplar Mountain.

As there were no outcropping ledges along Monument Brook, the parties established boundary reference monuments by setting bronze disks in the ends of granite posts, 8 inches square and 3 feet long, buried with the top flush with the ground.

The United States party completed operations on Monument Brook in September. They then moved down the river in canoes as far as Spednik Falls, setting reference monuments en route, and at Spednik Falls setting additional reference monuments to be used in case those set in 1910 should later be submerged by the waters impounded by the new dam at Grand Falls then

in the course of construction. They then went to Calais, where they spent the remainder of the season mapping certain topographic features near Milltown and locating reference monuments along the river in the vicinity of Woodland.

Operations of the United States party were brought to a close on October 7. Some of the party equipment was sold at public auction at Calais, Me., and the remainder of the outfit and the instruments were shipped to Washington.

The Canadian party completed their work on Monument Brook and withdrew from the field early in November.

The personnel of the field parties for the season of 1912 was as follows:
For the United States: Chief of party, J. E. McGrath.

For His Britannic Majesty: Chief of party, A. J. Brabazon, D. L. S.; assistants, J. W. Menzies, D. L. S., C. H. Brabazon, R. Byron.

SEASON OF 1913-THE BOUNDARY THROUGH PASSAMAQUODDY BAY

The major part of the operations of the two parties in 1913 was on Passa

1912, the temporary hubs of which were still in existence. The Canadian party made a plane-table survey of the St. Croix River at Milltown and took soundings to determine the location of the main channel of that part of the river.

The above operations completed, the United States party, consisting of 10 men, moved to Eastport, Me., and the Canadian party, of the same size, moved to Welshpool, New Brunswick, and began work on the location and construction of boundary range marks and cross-range marks on the shores of Passamaquoddy Bay. By agreement between the two chiefs of parties the Canadian party was assigned the work

from the mouth of the St. Croix River to Eastport, Me., and the United States party the remainder of the boundary from Eastport to Grand Manan Channel.

Both parties executed schemes of minor triangulation by means of which the range marks were established in the proper relation to the boundary turning points fixed by the treaties of 1908 and 1910. The triangulation of the section done by the United States party was based principally upon stations "Quoddy," "Indian Point," and "Lubec Church Spire," determined by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1860-61. The work done by the Canadian party south of Lubec was based upon stations "Campobello," "Kendall 2," and "Cumming," determined by the commissioners appointed under the convention of 1892 from stations of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey triangulation. All the triangulation was therefore upon the North American datum. The boundary range marks and cross-range marks erected by the parties on Passamaquoddy Bay in 1913 were, with few exceptions, pyramidal structures 6 to 10 feet in height, built of rubble masonry laid in cement mortar. Thirty-five such structures were erected on sites above tidewater, where solid foundations could be obtained. At five places, where it was necessary to place the marks on rock ledges intermittently submerged by the tide, the type of mark used was a triangular steel target attached to a 2-inch iron pipe 5 feet in length set in a drill hole in solid rock. Both of these types of range marks proved to be less permanent than was expected,

One of the rubble masonry range marks constructed on Passamaquoddy Bay, 1913; these were replaced by concrete pyramids in 1919