For transportation on Passamaquoddy Bay and as far up the St. Croix River as St. Stephen, New Brunswick, dependence was placed principally upon motor boats; but a scow was also used for handling the large quantity of materials required in the construction of the range

marks on Passamaquoddy Bay. From St. Stephen to Woodland, where the river is obstructed by dams, transportation was by horse and wagon or motor truck over the good roads of that district. Between Woodland and Vanceboro the river is accessible at six or eight points by fairly good roads which run to the settled districts. Sites for the survey camps were usually chosen at the ends of these roads, which of course were used as routes of supply. Usu

ally, however, camp was moved by boats or canoes on the river, though occasional use was made of the longer routes by land. Travel and transportation on this section of the river between Woodland and Vanceboro was quite difficult, for on account of the numerous rapids and shallow rips motor boats could not be used, and as no roads closely paralleled the river dependence had to be placed entirely upon small boats, canoes, and rafts.

On Spednik, Mud, Grand, and North Lakes transportation was a simple problem. Motor launches and scows were used to move camp, while the same launches or smaller boats and canoes equipped with outboard motors were used to take the men to and from their work.

On Monument Brook, launches could be used for the first 4 miles above North Lake; and from that point for 3 miles farther enough water could be secured to float loaded canoes by closing a small dam built for lumbering purposes. On the remaining 3 miles of Monument Brook materials had to be brought to the monument sites on the backs of the members of the survey parties.

MAPS

Article I of the treaty of 1908, pertaining to the boundary through Passamaquoddy Bay, stipulates that "the course of the said boundary line as defined and marked as aforesaid shall be laid down by said commissioners on quadruplicate sets of accurate modern charts prepared or adopted by them for that purpose, which charts shall be certified and signed by the commissioners, and two duplicate originals thereof shall be filed by them with each Government." Article II of the treaty of 1908 stipulates with regard to the boundary through the St. Croix River that "the commissioners so appointed shall jointly lay down upon accurate modern

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charts, to be prepared or adopted by them for that purpose, the line of boundary as defined and established by the existing treaty provisions and the proceedings thereunder, above referred to. * * * The charts upon which the boundary is marked as aforesaid shall be in quadruplicate, and shall be certified and signed by said commissioners, and two duplicate originals thereof shall be filed by them with each Government."

The charts upon which the commissioners have marked the boundary line through Passamaquoddy Bay and the St. Croix River, in accordance with these provisions of the treaty of 1908, are topographic maps prepared chiefly from the surveys made by the field force of the commission, to which were added certain data from charts and maps of the British Admiralty and the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, covering part of Passamaquoddy Bay and the St. Croix River below Calais, Me. The boundary maps comprise a series of 18 sheets arranged and numbered as shown on the accompanying index map. They have been engraved on copper plates and printed from stone, and the engraved plates will be preserved by the two Governments as permanent records of the work. The four official sets of maps, two sets for each Government, signed by the commissioners, are bound in atlas form and transmitted with this report. Copies of the maps for distribution to the public are identical with the originals, except that there appear on each map the word "Copy," the date of publication, and the commissioners' signatures in facsimile.

The size of each sheet is 23 by 35 inches inside the border. The belt of topography shown has an average width of 1 mile. The conventional signs used to represent the various topographic features are those adopted by the United States Board of Surveys and Maps. The boundary line, reference monuments, range marks, culture, and lettering appear in black; relief (contour lines) in brown; drainage in blue; and timber in green. The maps are constructed on the polyconic projection on scales of 1:6,000, 1:12,000, and 1:24,000, depending on the detail required to show clearly the location of the boundary line. At the top of each map are the title, the number of the sheet, the names of the commissioners, and copies of the seals of the two countries; and in the lower right-hand corner is the commissioners' certificate, which reads as follows:

Sheets 1-16 (Except for signatures, and slightly different wording for sheet 13)

We certify that this map is one of the quadruplicate set of eighteen (18) maps adopted under Articles I and II of the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States, signed at Washington April 11, 1908, and that we have marked thereon the Boundary Line as established by the Commissioners designated above, in accordance with the provisions of the said Articles. Signed April 3, 1924

We certify that this map is one of the quadruplicate set of eighteen (18) maps prepared under Articles I and II of the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States of America, signed at Washington, April 11, 1908, and that we have marked hereon the Boundary Line as established by the Commissioners designated above, in accordance with the provisions of

Article I of the Treaty of 1908 and of Articles I and II of the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States, signed at Washington, May 21, 1910.

We certify that this map is one of the quadruplicate set of eighteen (18) maps prepared under Articles I and II of the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States of America, signed at Washington, April 11, 1908, and that we have marked hereon the Boundary Line as established by the Commissioners designated above, in accordance with the provisions of Article I of the Treaty of 1908, of Articles I and II of the Treaty between Great Britain and the United States, signed at Washington, May 21, 1910, and of Article III of the Treaty between His Britannic Majesty, in respect of the Dominion of Canada, and the United States, signed at Washington, February 24, 1925.

(Signed)

Signed, January 16, 1928

J. D. CRAIG
His Britannic Majesty's Commissioner

(Signed)

PREPARATION OF THE MAPS

E. LESTER JONES United States Commissioner

The first step in the preparation of the maps, after the completion of the surveys in the field, was the inking of the penciled plane-table sheets. This was done in the office at the close of each field season, usually by the topographers who had done the mapping. After being inked, the field drawings on most of the planetable sheets were photographed on transparent celluloid negatives, which were then treated with graphite. These celluloid sheets were then adjusted to projection lines drawn on 20 by 28 inch office sheets and the several field drawings were transferred to the large sheet by rubbing the celluloid negative with an oiled burnisher. The graphite lines which were thus transferred were then inked in the various colors, after which the large assembled map was delivered to the engraver. In many cases where there were ample control points on the large 18 by 24 inch field sheet, it was unnecessary to transfer the topography by the above process; instead, after the sheet was inked, it was delivered to the engraver who effected the transfer directly to the copper plate on which, of course, had been plotted the geographic positions of the control points, reference monuments, and turning points.

In preparing the engraved plates for each map the engraver first engraved on a copper plate the lines of the polyconic projection carefully laid down to the scale on which the finished map was to be made. From these parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude he then plotted the geographic positions of the control points, reference monuments, and turning points of the boundary. This was done under the supervision of the cartographer of the United States section of the commission, who verified the projection and checked the positions of the plotted points. By a wax transfer process the projection and control points were then transferred from this plate to two other copper plates, one for the brown lines (contours) of the map and one for the blue (hydrography, etc.). The topographic drawings which had been furnished to the engraver were photographed to the scale of the engraved projection and wax impressions were made of the negatives and these were transferred to the three plates. The features to be shown in brown were then engraved on one plate,