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not give solemnly under my hand, a character beyond what I thought really true; but a speech on the stage, let it flatter ever so extravagantly, is formular. It has always been formular to flatter kings and queens; so much so, that even in our church-service we have our most religious King,' used indiscriminately, whoever is king. Nay, they even flatter themselves;— we have been graciously pleased to grant.'-No modern flattery, however, is so gross as that of the Augustan age, where the Emperor was deified. 'Præsens Divus habebitur Augustus.' And as to meanness (rising into warmth), how is it mean in a player-a showman-a fellow who exhibits himself for a shilling, to flatter his Queen? The attempt, indeed, was dangerous; for if it had missed, what became of Garrick, and what became of the Queen? As Sir William Temple says of a great general, it is necessary not only that his designs be formed in a masterly manner, but that they should be attended with success. Sir, it is right, at a time when the Royal Family is not generally liked, to let it be seen that the people like at least one of them." SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS : "I do not perceive why the profession of a player should be despised; for the great and ultimate end of all the employments of mankind is to produce amusement. Garrick produces more amusement than any body." BosWELL: "You say, Dr. Johnson, that Garrick exhibits himself for a shilling. In this respect he is only on a footing with a lawyer, who exhibits himself for his fee, and even will maintain any nonsense or absurdity, if the case require it. Garrick refuses a play or a part which he does not like a lawyer never refuses." JOHNSON: "Why, Sir, what does this prove? Only that a lawyer is worse. Boswell is now like Jack in 'The Tale of a Tub,' who, when he is puzzled by an argument, hangs himself. He thinks I shall cut him down, but I'll let him hang." (laughing vociferously).* SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS: "Mr. Boswell thinks, that the profession of a lawyer being unquestionably honourable, if he can show the profession of a player to be more honourable, he proves his argument."

[The allusion is not to the "Tale of a Tub" but to " The History of John Bull," Part iv, Chap. ii, where, however, Jack does not hang himself for any such reason; but the misrepresentation turned the laugh against Boswell, and that was all Johnson cared for.—Lockhart.]

CHAPTER XXIII-1773

JOHNSON AND GOLDSMITH

Dinner at Beauclerk's-Johnson's Opinion of Goldsmith as a Writer-Boswell Elected to the Literary Club-Monuments to Eminent Persons-“ The Whole Duty of Man "-Johnson on Punning-Lay Patronage-South Sea Discoveries-Reasoning of Brutes-Toleration and Martyrdom-Johnson Excites the anger of Goldsmith-Doctrine of the Trinity-Reconciliation with Goldsmith-Literary Property-Ludicrous Merriment of Johnson.

On Friday, April 30, I dined with him at Mr. Beauclerk's, where were Lord Charlemont, Sir Joshua Reynolds, and some more members of the LITERARY CLUB, whom he had obligingly invited to meet me, as I was this evening to be balloted for as candidate for admission into that distinguished society. Johnson had done me the honour to propose me, and Beauclerk was very zealous for me.

Goldsmith being mentioned; JOHNSON: "It is amazing how little Goldsmith knows. He seldom comes where he is not more ignorant than anyone else." SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS: "Yet there is no man whose company is more liked." JOHNSON: "To be sure, Sir. When people find a man of the most distinguished abilities as a writer, their inferior while he is with them, it must be highly gratifying to them. What Goldsmith comically says of himself is very true-he always gets the better when he argues alone; meaning, that he is master of a subject in his study, and can write well upon it; but when he comes into company, grows confused, and unable to talk. Take him as a poet, his 'Traveller' is a very fine performance; ay, and so is his 'Deserted Village,' were it not sometimes too much the echo of his 'Traveller.' Whether, indeed, we take him as a poet-as a comic writer-or as an historian, he stands in the first class." BOSWELL: "An historian! My dear Sir, you surely will not rank his compilation of the Roman History with the works of other historians of this age? JOHNSON : "Why, who are before him?" BOSWELL" "Hume-Robertson-Lord Lyttelton." JOHNSON: (His antipathy to the Scotch beginning to rise), “I have not read Hume; but, doubtless, Goldsmith's History is better than the verbiage of Robertson, or the foppery of Dalrymple." BOSWELL: "Will you not admit the superiority of Robertson, in whose History we find such penetration-such painting?" JOHNSON: "Sir, you must consider how that penetration and that painting are employed. It is not history, it is imagination. He who describes what he never saw, draws from fancy. Robertson paints minds as Sir Joshua paints faces in a history-piece; he imagines an heroic countenance. You must look upon Robertson's work as romance, and try it by that standard. History it is not. Besides, Sir, it is the great excellence of a writer to put into his book as much as his book will hold. Goldsmith has done this in his History. Now Robertson might have put twice as much into his book. Robertson is like a man who has packed gold in wool: the wool takes up more room than the gold. No, Sir, I always thought Robertson would be crushed by his own weight--would be buried under his own ornaments. Goldsmith tells you shortly all you want to know: Robertson detains you a great deal too long. No man will

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read Robertson's cumbrous detail a second time; but Goldsmith's plain narrative will please again and again. I would say to Robertson what an old tutor of a college said to one of his pupils: Read over your compositions, and wherever you meet with a passage which you think is particularly fine, strike it out.' Goldsmith's abridgement is better than that of Lucius Florus or Eutropius; and I will venture to say that if you compare him with Vertot, in the same places of the Roman History, you will find that he excels Vertot. Sir, he has the art of compiling and of saying everything he has to say in a pleasing manner. He is now writing a Natural History, and will make it as entertaining as a Persian Tale."

I cannot dismiss the present topic without observing that it is probable that Dr. Johnson, who owned that he often "talked for victory," rather urged plausible objections to Dr. Robertson's excellent historical works in the ardour of contest, than expressed his real and decided opinion; for it is not easy to suppose that he should so widely differ from the rest of the literary world.

JOHNSON: I remember once being with Goldsmith in Westminster Abbey. While we surveyed the Poet's Corner, I said to him,

Forsitan et nostrum nomen miscebitur istis.' *

When we got to Temple Bar he stopped me, pointed to the heads upon it, and slily Whispered me,

'Forsitan et nostrum nomen miscebitur ISTIS.' "t

JOHNSON praised John Bunyan highly. "His Pilgrim's Progress' has great merit, both for invention, imagin

ation, and the conduct of the story and it has had the best evidence of its merit, the general and continued approbation of mankind. Few books, I believe, have had a more extensive sale. It is remarkable that it begins very much like the poem of Dante; yet there was no translation of Dante when Bunyan wrote. There is reason to think that he had read Spenser."

A proposition which had been agitated that monuments to eminent persons should, for the time to come, be erected in St. Paul's Church as well as in Westminster Abbey, was mentioned; and it was asked who should be honoured by having his monument first erected there. Somebody suggested Pope. JOHNSON: "Why, Sir, as Pope was a Roman Catholic, I would not have his to be first.

Ovid. de Art. Amand. i, iii, v. 13. In allusion to Dr. Johnson's supposed political principles, and perhaps his own.

From an engraving by Ridley

I think Milton's rather should have the precedence.* I think more highly of him now than I did at twenty. There is more thinking in him and in Butler than in any of our poets."

Some of the company expressed a wonder why the author of so excellent a book as "The Whole Duty of Man" should conceal himself.† JOHNSON: "There may be different reasons assigned for this, any one of which would be very sufficient. He may have been a clergyman, and may have thought that his religious counsels would have less weight when known to come from a man whose profession was theology. He may have been a man whose practice was not suitable to his principles, so that his character might injure the effect of his book, which he had written in a season of penitence. Or he may have been a man of rigid self-denial, so that he would have no reward for his pious labours while in this world, but refer it all to a future state.'

The gentlemen went away to their club, and I was left at Beauclerk's till the fate of my election should be announced to me. I sat in a state of anxiety which even the charming conversation of Lady Di Beauclerk could not entirely dissipate. In a short time I received the agreeable intelligence that I was chosen. I hastened to the place of meeting, and was introduced to such a society as can seldom be found. Mr. Edmund Burke, whom I then saw for the first time, and whose splendid talents had long made me ardently wish for his acquaintance; Dr. Nugent, Mr. Garrick, Dr. Goldsmith, Mr. (afterwards Sir William) Jones, and the company with whom I had dined. Upon my entrance, Johnson placed himself behind a chair, on which he leaned as on a desk or pulpit, and with humorous formality gave me a charge, pointing out the conduct expected from me as a good member of this club.

Goldsmith produced some very absurd verses which had been publicly recited to an audience for money. JOHNSON: "I can match this nonsense. There was a poem called 'Eugenio,' which came out some years ago, and concludes thus:

'And now, ye trifling, self-assuming elves,
Brimful of pride, of nothing, of yourselves,
Survey Eugenio, view him o'er and o'er,
Then sink into yourselves, and be no more.'‡

Nay, Dryden, in his poem on the Royal Society,§ has these lines :

'Then we upon our globe's last verge shall go,

And see the ocean leaning on the sky;

From thence our rolling neighbours we shall know,

And on the lunar world securely pry.'"

* Here is another instance of his high admiration of Milton as a Poet, notwithstanding his just abhorrence of that sour republican's political principles. His candour and discrimination are equally conspicuous. Let us hear no more of his injustice to Milton."

[In a manuscript in the Bodleian Library several circumstances are stated, which strongly incline me to believe that Dr. Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York, was the author of this work. M.] Dr. Johnson's memory here was not perfectly accurate : 'Eugenio "' does not conclude thus.

There are eight more lines after the last of those quoted by him; and the passage which he meant to recite is as follows:

Say now, ye fluttering, poor, assuming elves,
Stark full of pride, of folly, of yourselves;
Say, where's the wretch, of all your impious crew,
Who dares confront his character to view?
Behold Eugenio, view him o'er and o'er,
Then sink into yourselves, and be no more."

Mr. Reed informs me that the Author of "Eugenio," Thomas Beech, a wine merchant, at Wrexham, in Denbighshire, soon after its publication, viz., 17th May, 1737, cut his own throat; and that it appears by Swift's Works, that the poem had been shown to him, and received some of his corrections. Johnson had read "Eugenio " on his first coming to town, for we see it mentioned in one of his letters to Mr. Cave, which has been inserted in this work.

§ [There is no such poem;-the lines are part of an allusion to the Royal Society, in the Annus Mirabilis, stanza 164.-Croker.]

Johnson's grave and Goldsmith's monument are both to be seen in Poets' Corner.