ADMITTED. New States may be admitted by the Congress into
this Union.....

Effect of admission, n. 229. List of new States and dates
of admission, n. 230.

ADOPTION of this Constitution.

All debts contracted or engage-
ments entered into before the adoption of this Constitu
tion, shall be as valid against the United States under this
Constitution as under the Confederation

This article explained, n. 287. When the States shall
have adopted the 14th constitutional amendment, n. 276,
p. 283, § 5.

ADVICE and consent of the Senate. President shall have power,
by and with the. to make treaties and appoint ambassadors
and all other officers

When and how given, n. 178. When necessary to an
appointment, n. 179. Effect of, in fixing tenure of office, n.
134, p. 179. § 1. To advise upon suspension, if the Senate
refuse to concur, Id. § 2. If the Senate fail to advise, the
office to remain in abeyance, n. 184, p. 180, § 3. (Seo Ten-
ure of Office.)

AFFIRMATION. (See Oath or Affirmation, n. 242.)

Qualification for a representative in Congress, 25 years.....
See remarks upon, n. 46.

AGE.

AGR. Qualification for a senator in Congress, 30 years......
AGE. Qualification for President of the United States, 35 years...
35 years an indispensable requisite. n. 171.
AGE. Qualification for Vice-President of the United States, 35
years. Amendments....

AGREEMENT or compact. No State shall, without the consent of
Congress, enter into any agreement or compact with an-
other State or a foreign power.

164.

Relates to what prohibitions; may enter into what, n.
ALABAMA. Qualifications for suffrage in, n. 17, p. 58. Six repre-
sentatives, by the census of 1860, n. 24. Population of, in
every decade, n. 24, pp. 69-71. Did not vote in the Presi-
dential election of 1864, n. 167. Admitted as a State, n.
230. Ratified 13th amendment, n. 274. Rejected 14th
amendment, n. 275. One of the non-reconstructed States,
n. 276. Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286,
17. Number of vote under construction. 0.
277. Number of registered voters under the reconstruc-
tion laws, n. 278.

ALIEN. A naturalized is a natural bornsubject, from birth, notes 274
to 276.

ALIEN enemies. During war the inhabitants of each country are,
n. 118. The inhabitants of the insurgent and rebel States
were not, during the rebellion, n. 213.

ALIENAGE is an indispensable element in the process of naturaliza-

tion, n. 274, p. 276.

ALIENS, or persons of foreign birth, not eligible as President or
Vice-President of the United States

Amendments...

Effect of naturalization upon, notes 93, 209. Of what suits
courts have jurisdiction. Cannot maintain a real action; de-
fined, n. 209. May take and hold real estate, n. 209, p. 204.
May be made citizens by revolution or general law. The
Constitution provides for naturalization of, n. 167. See
Citizen, notes 19, 30, 35, 63, 69, 170, 206, 220, 221, 274, 275,
277. Negroes born in United States cannot he, n. 274.
ALLEGATION. Citizenship of different States must be averred to
give jurisdiction, n. 206.

ALLEGIANCE. Defined, n. 220, p. 164. An alien is one born out
of, n. 209. Treason is a breach of, n. 215. Native born

owe allegiance to the United States, n. 220. All persons
born in the, of the United States, are native citizens
thereof, n. 274. Paramount to the United States and
qualified to the States, n. 118, p. 129, Pref. p. xiii. Indians

owe no to the United States. n. 92, p. 112. "That I will
bear true faith and allegiance to the United States," n.
242, p. 251. Native born owe allegiance from their birth, n.
220, p. 225. Claim of allegiance to the Colonies and Great
Britain and how absolved, n. 274. p. 273.

ALLIANCE. No State snall enter into any alliance...

This is a national power, n. 152. The same under the
Confederation, Art. VI. p. 11.

ALMIGHTY GOD. "Looking to the favor and guidance of," n. 5,
p. 53. Remark on this, n. 5.

AMBASSADORS. The President shall nominate, and by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate appoint, ambassa-
dors, & c
AMBASSADORS. The President shall receive ambassadors and other
public ministers..

The power to receive, and other public ministers, carries
along with it the power to receive consu, n. 188.
AMBASSADORS. The judicial power shall extend to all cases affect-
ing ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls.
Defined, n. 195. By what suits they are affected, n. 202.
AMBASSADORS. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public
ministers, and consuls, the Supreme Court shall have
original jurisdiction

This clause explained, n. 210. N.. State under the Con-
federation to receive without the consent of Congress,
Art. VI. p. 11. The Congress might send and receive,
Art. IX. p. 14.

AMENDMENTS, as n other bills. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate
may propose, or concur with, amendments, as on other
bills...
AMENDMENTS to the Constitution. The Congress, whenever two-
thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall pro-
pose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the applica-
tion of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which,
in either case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes,
as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legis-
latures of three-fourths of the several States, or by con-
ventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other
mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress;
provided that no amendment, which may be made prior to
the year 1808, shall, in any manner, affect the first and
fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article; and
that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its
equal suffrage in the Senate.....

In what way they have been proposed; President's ap-
proval not necessary, n. 236 Date and history of the, notes
244, 274. 275. Twelfth amendment, relative to election of
President, pp. 46, 161. Compared with original Constitu-
tion, notes 165, 165b. For amendments, see pp. 43-50,
164, 254-294, notes 245-286.

AMERICA. The Confederacy shall be "The United States of."
Art. I. p. 9.
AMERICA. "We, the People of the United States." &c., " do ordain
and establish this Constitution for the United States of."
Preamble.

United States of, defined, n. 18. Preamble of the
Constitution of the Confederate States of America, n. 5,
p. 51.
ANDERSON, JOSEPH. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 88, p. 79.
ANNIHILATION. Legislative bodies incapable of, Dec. of Ind. p. 8.
APPEAL. In disputes between Stites, Art. IX. p. 14.
APPELLATE jurisdiction. The Supreme Court shall have, both as
to law and fact. (See Supreme Court.).........
Defined; can only be exercised under acts of Congress,
n. 211.
APPOINT. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legis-

lature thereof may direct, a number of electors. (See
Electors.)..

All the States now appoint electors by popular election,
n. 167. President's power to appoint defined, n. 179, pp. 175,
176. To appoint and commission are not the same thing,
n. 179, p. 176. The power to appoint carries the power to
remove, n. 154, p. 178; but this is restricted by the Civil
Rights Bill, n. 154, p. 179, § 1, 2. Duty of the President
to appoint commanders of military districts under the
reconstruction laws, n. 276, p. 252, § 2. The commanding
general of each district shall appoint boards of registration,
n. 276, p. 252, § 4.

APPOINTED. No senator or representative shall, during the time
for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office
under the authority of the United States, which shall have
been created, or the emoluments of which shall have been
increased during such time..

To accept such office vacates his seat, n. 62, 63. (See
Office.)
APPOINTED. No senator or representative. or person holding an
office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be
appointed an elector.

APPOINTMENT of officers of the militia reserved to the States re-
spectively..

This power discussed, n. 135. This power ceases when
the citizens are conscripted, n. 118, p. 182.

APPOINTMENT of electors of President and Vice-President of the
United States. (See Appoint.) Amendments..

APPOINTMENTS. The executives of States may make temporary
appointments of Senators in the recess of the legislatures
thereof to fill vacancies

He cannot make an appointment to fill a prospective
vacancy, n. 33.
APPOINTMENTS. The President shall nominate, and by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint, ambas-
sadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States
whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for,
and which shall be established by law. But the Congress
may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers,
as they think proper, in the President alone, in the courts
of law, or in the heads of departments.

This duty is imperative, n. 179, p. 175. Without a com.
mission there is no appointment Nomination and appoint
ment are voluntary acts, n. 179. p. 176.
President may
make temporary, during suspension, n. 184, p. 179. § 2.
APPOINTMENTS. The President shall have power to fill up all
vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate,
by granting commissions (or appointments), which shall
expire at the end of their next session..

The subject discussed and explained; "vacancy" de-
fined, n. 185. Such appointments continue during the
session, n. 186.

12

2

APPORTIONED. Representatives and direct taxes to be apportioned
among the several States according to their respectives 1
numbers, &c. Amendments ..

Defined, n. 23. (See Representatives.)

APPORTIONMENT.

Ratio for, through each decade, notes 21, 280.
Direct taxes to be laid by the rule of, notes 22, 144. The,
of Representatives under census of 1560, n. 24.

APPRAISEMENT and stay laws unconstitutional, n. 160.

APPRENTICES are "persons held to service," n. 226.

APPROPRIATION of money to the use of armies shall not be for a
longer period than two years. May be for a shorter period,
n. 126

APPROPRIATIONS. No money shall be drawn from the Treasury
but in consequence of appropriations made by law, and a
vegular staternent and account of the receipts and expendi-

14

Money" defined, and Confederate Constitution compared, n. 149, p. 151. Money in the post-office is within the restriction, n. 149, p. 152.

APPROVAL of President makes a bill law, n. 66.

APPROVED. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Rep resentatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President. If he approve, he shall sign it. (See Veto.).

Every bill takes effect prospectively from the time it is approved, n. 66.

APPROVED. Any bill returned by the President with objection, may become a law if approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress..

The veto power and its history, n. 67. Two-thirds of a quorum is sufficient. n. 68.

APPROVED.

ARE.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concur rence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States to be approved or disapproved by him....

A joint resolution becomes a law, n. 70. Is 100 square meters, n. 102, p. 119, § 2. ARKANSAS. Qualification of suffrage in, n. 17, p. 60. Three representatives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68. Population of, in each decade, n. 24, pp. 69, 70. Did not vote in the presidential election of 1864, n. 167. Assigned to the eighth judicial circuit, n. 197. Admitted into the Union, n. 230, Its history during the rebellion, n. 235. Ratified the 13th amendment, n. 274; and rejected the 14th, n. 275. One of the non-reconstructed States, n. 276, § 1. Its provisional government defined, n. 276, p. 286. Number of registered voters, n. 278.

ARMED troops. For quartering large bodies of, Dec. of Ind. p. 4. ARMIES. Congress shall have power to raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years...

This power did not exist under the Confederation, n. 122. The rights of enlistment and conscription; extent of this power, n. 125. Limitation on appropriations for, n.

126.

ARMING. Congress shall have power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia..

The extent of this power defined, n. 134, 185. ARMS. The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. Amendments....

This is a national right; does not give the right to carry concealed weapons, n. 249.

ARMY. Congress shall have power to make rules for the govern-
inent and regulation of the land and naval forces
"Rules" defined, n. 129. Defined; and rank and grade
in, n. 124.

ARMY. The President shall be commander-in-chief of the army.
Why this power was conferred. Need not command in
person. What rules he may establish, n. 175.
ARMY. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any
house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of
war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. Amend-

ments....

This relates to armies, n. 250.

ARMY or Navy. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war or public danger. Amendments...... The extent of this exception defined and discussed, notes 118, 274.

ARREST. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases except
treason. felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from
arrest during their attendance at the sessions of their re-
spective houses, and in going to and returning from the

same..

The privilege extends to all civil process, n. 57. The
privilege commences from the election, n. 59, and pro-
tects the member who loses his seat on contestation,
n. 60. All persons under military arrest, to be tried with-
out unnecessary delay, and how, n. 276, p. 282, § 4. When
the President may order military arrests, n. 165.
ABSENALS, &c. Congress shall have power to exercise exclu-
sive legislation over arsenals, &c....

Extent of jurisdiction over, defined and discussed. The
power to legislate carries the power to make it effectual, n.
137.

ARTICLES of Confederation and perpetual Union, pp. 8, 21.

The preamble to, pp. 8, 9. By what States, p. 9. Style
of. Art. I. p. 9.

Each State retains its sovereignty, &c, Art. II. p. 9. A
firm league of friendship, Art. III p. 10.

For common defense, the security of their liberties, and
general welfare, Art. III. p. 9. Who entitled to the priv-
ileges and immunities of free citizens, Art. IV. p. 10. Free
ingress and egress, &c., Id. Fugitives from justice to be
delivered up, ld. Full faith and credit to acts, records,
and judicial proceedings, of the courts of each State,
Id. Delegates to Congress to be appointed, and how,
ld. Not less than two nor more than seven members,
Art. V. p. 10. Qualifications of delegates, Id. Each State to
maintain its delegates, Id. And have one vote, Id. Free-
dom of speech, of debate, and from arrests, Id. In-
hibitions upon the States, Art. VI. pp. 11, 12, 13. Officers
under the rank of colonel to be appointed by the legis
lature, Art. VII. All charges of war and other expenses,
how levied, Art. VIII. p. 13. The powers of the United
States in Congress, and mode of proceeding. Art. IX. pp.
14-19. To determine, peace and war, ambassadors, treaties,
captures, prizes, marque and reprisal, piracies, felonies,
and appeals, Art. IX. p. 14. Controversies between States,
and the mode of hearing and settlement, Art. IX. pp. 14,
15. And grants by different States, Id. p. 16. Coin,
weights, and measures, Indians, post-offices, and postage,
Id. Officers above regimental, Art. IX. pp. 16, 17. "A
Committee of the States," other committees, and civil offi-
cers. To borrow money, emit bills of credit, &c., Art. IX.
p. 17. The navy and army, Id. Quotas, how arranged,
Id. p. 18. Restrictions upon Congress, without the assent
of nine States. Id. What upon majority, Id. The power
and limitations on adjournment; yeas and nays, and pub-
lication of journal. Art. IX. p. 19. The powers of the Com-
mittee of the States, Art. X. p. 19. Canada and other
States, how admitted, Art. X. p. 19. The debts of the
government, how guarantied, Art. XII. p. 19. The States
to abide the deterininations of Congress, Art. XIII. p. 20.
Union perpetual, Id. Articles inviolably observed, Id.
Alterations, how made, Id. Ratification of the articles,
p. 20; Signers, p. 21.

AETS. Congress shall have power to promote the progress of
science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to
authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their re-
spective writings and discoveries...

In-

To promote, progress, arts, science, and authors, defined,
n. 107. Art distinguished from science, n. 107, p. 122.
ventors defined, 108. Patents liberally construed, 108.
The laws on the subject, Id.

ASSEMBLE Congress shall assemble at least once in every year,