on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law
appoint a different day

The sessions now defined by law, n. 43.

ASSEMBLE. Congress shall make no law abridging the right of
the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the gov
ernment for a redress of grievances. Amendments.....
This right discussed, n. 243.

ATCHISON, DAVID R. Presiding officer of Senate, n. 38, pp. 80, 81.
ATTAINDER. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be

passed.....

Bill of, defined and discussed, n. 142, pp. 146, 147. ATTAINDER. No State shall pass any bill of attainder, &c.

These terms relate to criminal laws only, n. 156.

ATTAINDER of treason. The Congress shall have power to declare
the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason
shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during
the life of the person attainted....
"Corruption of blood" defined, n. 217.

ATTENDANCE. Less than a quorum of either house may compel
the attendance of absent members

Either house may compel attendance of witnesses, n. 49, ATTENDANCE. Members of Congress privileged from arrest during their attendance at sessions, &c. (See Arrest.) AUTHENTICATION of records, acts, and judicial proceedings of States.

The act of Congress prescribing the mode of, n. 219, P. 221. Of legislative acts, n. 219. p. 215. The whole subject fully discussed, Id.

AUTHORITY. Paramount, of the United States over the provisional governments of the rebel States, n. 276, p. 253. § 6.

AUTHORS may secure exclusive rights to their writings for a limited time..

Defined, n 107. No exclusive property in a published work except under an act of Congress, Id.

BAIL. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Amendments

See notes 12, 245, 275. The question of ability to be considered; the fifty-dollar fine under the internal revenue law is not excessive; six months imprisonment is not cruel, n. 267. The President cannot appoint commissioners of, n. 183, p. 178.

BALDWIN, ABRAHAM. Deputy from Georgia. Signed this Constitu-
tion. pp. 43, 252. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38,
p. 79.

BALDWIN, HENRY. One of the supreme judges, n. 197, p. 198.
BALLOT. The electors shall vote by ballot for President and Vice-

President of the United States. They shall name in their
ballots the person voted for as President, and, in distinct
ballots, the person voted for as Vice-President. Amend-

ments

BALLOT. If no person have a majority of the electoral votes, the
House of Representatives shall choose, immediately, by
ballot, the President. Amendments

BANISTER, JOHs, of Virginia. Signed Articles of Confederation, p. 21.
BANKRUPT defined literally, n. 91. p. 113.

BANKRUPTCIES. Congress shall have power to establish uniform
laws on the subject.of bankruptcies throughout the United
States

Defined, n. 94, 95, pp. 113, 114. The States may pass, under restrictions, n. 96.

BANK bills are not bills of credit, n. 154. The repeal of a bank charter does not necessarily impair the contract, n. 157, p. 156. BANKS. The State may repeal their charters, when, n. 157, p. 153. BANKS, national. The States may tax the interest of the shareholders, n. 74. As to the power of Congress to create,

n. 80.

BANKS, NATHANIEL P. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 73.
BARBOUR, JAMES. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 79.
BARBOUR. PHILIP P. Speaker of the House of Representatives,
n. 26. One of the supreme judges, n. 197, 193.

BARTLETT, JOSIAH, of N. H. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7; and
Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

BASSETT. RICHARD. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Constitu-
tion, pp. 42, 252.

BEDFORD, Jr., GUNNING. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Con
stitution, pp. 42, 252.

BELL Jons. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 78.

BENJAMIN, JUDAH P. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BILL of attainder. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall
be passed.

(See Attainder, n. 142.) Inflicts legislative punishment
without a legal trial, n. 142, pp. 146, 147. The Missouri
constitutional test oath is a bill of attainder, Id.

BILL. Civil Rights, n. 6. Constitutional; discussed and explained,
n. 274. Tenure of office, n. 184, p. 179.

BILL. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Represen-
tatives and the Senate shall, before it become a law, be
presented to the President of the United States; if he
approve, he shall sign it, but if not, he shall return it, with
his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi-
nated, who shall enter the objections at large on their
journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such recon-
sideration, two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the
other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,
and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall be-
come a law. But in all such cases, the votes of both
houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the
names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall
be entered on the journal of each house, respectively....
When bills take effect, n. 66. Veto or negative defined,
n. 67. History of the subject, Id.

BILL.

If any bill shall not be returned by the President within
ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been pre-
sented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as
if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjourn
ment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a
law

There must be ten entire days, n. 69.
BILL. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence
of the Senate and House of Representatives may be neces-
sary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be pre-
sented to the President of the United States; and, before
the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or,
being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-
thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, accord-
ing to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a
bill

Joint and concurrent resolution defined, n. 70.
BILLS. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House
of Representatives, but the Senate may propose or concur
with amendments, as on other bills
Copied. n. 64. Revenue defined, n. 65.

BILLS of credit. No State shall emit bills of credit

Defined and discussed, n. 154. Proposed in the clause to
borrow money, n. 82. And to coin money, n. 97.

BILLS of credit. Not to be emitted by Congress, under the Con-
federation, without the consent of nine States, Art. IX.
p. 18. What, assumed by the Confederation. Art. XII. p. 19.
BINGHAM, WILLIAM. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 38, p. 78.
BLAIR, JOHN. Deputy from Virginia. Signed this Constitution,
pp. 42, 252.

BLESSINGS of liberty, to ourselves and posterity. Preamble.....
Defined, n. 12.

22, 51

BLOOD. No attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or
forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted..
Corruption of blood defined, n. 217.

BLOUNT, WILLIAM. Deputy from North Carolina. Signed this Con-
stitution, pp. 42, 252. Expelled from the Senate, n. 42.
Tried on impeachment, n. 39. His offense, n. 194. Dis-
missed for want of jurisdiction, n. 194.

BOND given to "fill up a vacancy" does not cover matters after
nomination and confirmation, n. 186.

BORROW money. Congress shall have power to borrow money on
the credit of the United States..

How it originally read. n. 88. Authorizes bills of credit,
n. 84. And to issue treasury notes and to make them
legal tenders, n. 84. That subject discussed, Id. The
sums borrowed and owing, n. 72. The treasury notes an
equivalent of coin, n. 84, p. 105. Money defined, n. 98.
(See Money, notes 97-100.)

BOUND. Persons bound to service for a term of years, included in
representative numbers..

See full notes upon, notes 226–223.

BOYD, LYNN. Speaker of the House, n. 26, p. 78.

BRADFORD, WILLIAM. Presiding officer of the Senate, p. 78.
BRADLEY, STEPHEN R. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 88,
P. 79.

BRAXTON, CARTER, of Virginia. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. S.
BREACH of the peace. For a breach of the peace, a senator or

representative may be arrested.

For any indictable offense, n. 56.

BREARLEY, DAVID. Deputy from New Jersey. Signed this Consti-

tution, pp. 42, 252.

BRECKINRIDGE, JOHN C. Vice-President, n. 37, p. 78.

BRIBERY. All civil officers shall be removed from office on im-
peachment for, and conviction of, bribery, &c. ...
Bribery defined, n. 193.

BRIDGES.

......

A charter for is a contract, n. 154, p. 156. A railroad
bridge is not a bridge within the statutes of 1790. Id.
The power of Congress to build, is not found in the
Constitution. It exists in the States, n. 89. But Congress
may regulate those over navigable waters, n. 89, p. 108.
BRIGADIER-GENERAL. Ten in the army, n. 124. Not less than a
Brigadier to be assigned to command the Districts in the
rebel States, n. 276, p. 252, § 2.

BRIGHT, JESSE D. Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 88, p. 81. Ex-
pelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BROOM, JACOB. Deputy from Delaware. Signed this Constitution,
PP. 42, 252.

BROWN, ALBERT G. Expelled from the Senate, n. 50.

BROWN, JOHN, Presiding officer of the Senate, n. 33, p. 79.
BUCHANAN, JAMES. President, n. 166.

BUILDINGS. Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive

legislation over needful buildings in places purchased by
the consent of the legislatures of the States

This includes the power of taxation, n. 36. And exclusive
jurisdiction, Id. But the title must be acquired with the
consent of the State, n. 187.

BURR, AARON. Vice-President, n. 37.

BUSINESS A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to
do business

BUTLER, PIERCE. Deputy from South Carolina.

stitution, pp. 42, 252.

Signed this Con-

CALHOUN, JOHN C. Vice-President, n. 37.
CALIFORNIA. Qualifications of electors, n. 17. Three representa-
tives, by census of 1860, n. 24, p. 68; population of, through
each decade, pp. 69-71. Assigned to ninth judicial cir-
cuit, n. 197. Effect of purchase upon citizenship, n. 220.
Admitted into the Union, n. 230. Ratified the 13th amend-
ment, n. 274; and failure to act on the 14th, n. 275.

CAMPBELL, JOHN A. One of the Judges of the Supreme Court,
n. 197.

CANADA might be admitted into the Union of the Confederation,
Art. of Confederation, xi. p. 19.

CANDIDATES for the Presidency, spirit of the Constitution
changed as to, n. 256.

CAPACITY of measures for liquids, n. 102, p. 118, § 2.
CAPITAL crime. No person shall be held to answer for a capital
or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or
indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the
land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual ser-
vice in time of war or public danger. Amendments.....
"Person" excluded slaves. Presentment or indictment
applies to all offenses against the United States. Pre-
sentment, indictment, and grand jury, defined, n. 253.
The exception defined and discussed, n. 254. Twice in
jeopardy defined and discussed, n. 255. Witness against
himself would be contrary to justice, n. 257. "Without
due process of law." fully defined and discussed, n. 257.
Piracy is a capital offense, n. 111. Is in restraint of legis-
lative power, Id. n. 257.

CAPITATION tax. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid,
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein-
before directed to be taken....

Capitation defined, n. 144. See also n. 32. Direct taxes
must be by the rule of apportionment, notes 22, 144. What
are direct taxes, Id.

5

pp.

44,258

CAPITATION tax. No amendment shall be made prior to 1808 to

affect the preceding clause.

5

40, 246

CAPTAIN. A rank in the army, n. 124. In the navy, n. 128.
CAPTURES. Congress shall have power to declare war, to grant
letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning
captures on land and water.

CAPTURES on land and water under the Confederation, Art. IX.
p. 14. See notes 117-121.

CARE. The President shall take care that the laws be faithfully
executed..

The reason of this power explained, n. 189.

CARROLL, CHARLES, of Maryland. Signed the Dec. of Ind. p. 7;
and the Articles of Confederation, p. 21.

CARROLL DANIEL. Deputy from Maryland. Signed Articles of
Confederation, p. 21; and this Constitution, pp. 42, 252.
CATHOLIC CHURCH. Reduced from the established church in
Texas, n. 245.

CATRON, JOHN. One of the Associate Justices of the Supreme
Court of the United States, n. 197, p. 193.

CASES to which the judicial power shall extend. (See Judicial
Power.)..

CAUSE

When a case arises, notes 199, 201. Defined, Id. Cases in
equity, n. 200. Affecting ambassadors, 202. In admiralty
(see Admiralty), n. 202. Where the United States is a
party, 204.
Between States. 205. Between a State and
citizens of another State 205a. Between citizens of dif
ferent States, 206. Between land grants of different
States, 207. Between a State and citizens, 208. Between
a State and aliens, or between aliens, &c., 209. The court
has not jurisdiction of every case, 210.

No warrant shall issue but upon probable cause. Amend

ments.

Must be by authority of law, n. 251.
n. 232.

CENSUS to be taken within three years after first
gress, and every ten years thereafter, in
they shall by law direct...

Numbers under each, n. 24, pp. 68-71.

Warrant defined,

meeting of Con-
such manner as

Ratio each year,

n. 21. Number of representatives under, in 1860, n. 24,
p. 68. Defined; has reference to numbers, n. 145.

CENSUS. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in

1 2 3 23,67

proportion to the census or enumeration herein before
directed to be taken.

CENSUS. No amendment shall be made prior to 1508 to affect the
preceding clause

CENTARE.
CENTIGRAM.

One square meter, n. 102, p. 117, § 2.

A measure of weight, n. 102, p. 118, § 2.
CENTILITER. A measure of capacity, n. 102, p. 118. § 2.

CENTIMETER.
CESSION. On the cession by particular States of a district (not
exceeding ten miles square), and the acceptance of Con-
gress, it may become the seat of government of the
United States..

A measure of length, n. 102, p. 117, § 2.

The District of Columbia was ceded, n. 136. The in-
habitants are citizens, and taxable, notes 136, 137.
CHARGE of treason. A person charged in any State with treason,
&c., who may flee from justice, to be delivered up and
removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime..
"Person" and "flee" defined, n. 223. The executive
cannot go behind the demand, n. 223. He cannot be
coerced by the Supreme Court, Id. The requisites of the
demand, Id. On what evidence shall be delivered up, Id.
For taking away our, and abolishing our laws. Dec.
of Ind. p. 4.
CHASE, SALMON P. Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court, n. 197.
CHASE, SAMUEL of Maryland. Signed the Dec, of Ind. p. 7. One
of the Associate Justices, n. 197, p. 193. Impeached; oath
on trial of, n. 39. History of his trial, n. 194, p. 1SS.
CHEVES, LANGDON. Speaker of House of Representatives, n. 26,
p. 78.

CHARTERS.

CHIEF-JUSTICE shall preside when the President of the United
States is tried on an impeachment by the Senate, the.............
(See n. 89.)

CHIEF-JUSTICES. List and ages of, of the Supreme Court, n. 197.
CHOOSING Senators defined, n. 41.

CHOSEN. (See Elected, &c., n. 168.) Amendments
CHURCH. Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment

of religion. Amendment

This cut down any established church, n. 245.

CHUSE. (See Elect, notes 41. 165.)

CIRCUITS of the United States Courts defined and judges allotted,
n. 197. pp. 191. 192.

CITIZEN of United States. No person shall be a senator in Con-
gress who has not been nine years a citizen of the United
States

Shields rejected for want of nine years' naturalization,
n. 35. (See n. 46.)

CITIZEN. If not in military service, guarantied the right of trial
by jury, n. 260.

CITIZEN. No person except a natural born citizen, or a citizen of
the United States at the time of the adoption of the Con-
stitution, shall be eligible to the office of President....
Not made by law, natural members of the body politic,
n. 169. The Constitution does not make the citizens-it
is made by them, n. 169. Or a citizen of the United States
discussed and defined, n. 170. Citizen defined, n. 274. Citi-
zen made by naturalization. n. 93.

CITIZENS. The judicial power shall extend to controversies be-
tween a State and citizens of another State; between
citizens of different States; between citizens of the same
State claiming lands under grants of different States; and
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States,
citizens, or subjects

(See n. 274.) A citizen cannot sue a State, n. 205a. They
must be citizens of the United States, n. 206. The situa-
tion rather than character gives the jurisdiction, Id. Does
not embrace citizens of Territories and District of Colum-
bia. It is enough that the grants were made by different
States, Id. The jurisdiction depends upon the character