Municipal Corporations 184 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT provement.-Valley Farms Co. of Yonkers v. City of Yonkers, 300. Legislature may create tax district to pay for improvements previously made.-Id. 450(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Owner not entitled to hearing as to creation of district, but as to apportionment of taxes.-Valley Farms Co. of Yonkers v. City of Yonkers, 300. 465 (N.Y.Sup.) Legislature may determine basis of assessment.-Valley Farms Co. of Yonkers v. City of Yonkers, 300. 491 (N.Y.Sup.) Owners of land in tax district held entitled to be heard as to apportionment of tax.-Valley Farms Co. of Yonkers v. City of Yonkers, 300. XI. USE AND REGULATION OF PUB- (A) Streets and Other Public Ways. 693 (N.Y.Sup.) News stands on sidewalks unlawful encroachment.-People ex rel. Hofeller v. Buck, 210. 706(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Finding that bus, colliding with child, turned into street on wrong side, unjustified.--Meltzer v. Barrett, 241. 706(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Boy crossing corner not negligent as matter of law in depending on automobiles sounding warning.-Perlmutter Byrne, 580. XII. TORTS. NEGLIGENCE. See Master and Servant, 88-330; Municipal I. ACTS OR OMISSIONS CONSTITUT- (A) Personal Conduct in General. Seller of tractor liable for injuries to buyer's employé.-Id. 2 (N.Y.Sup.) Violation of duty essential element.-Carroll v. City of Yonkers, 847. II. PROXIMATE CAUSE OF INJURY. 59 (N.Y.Sup.) Unforeseen injury not actionable.-Gainer v. Hines, 768. IV. ACTIONS. (A) Right of Action, Parties, Preliminary Proceedings, and Pleading. 110 (N.Y.Sup.) Pleading contract for sale of machine injuring buyer's employé held proper.-Miller v. International Harvester Co. of New Jersey, 91. (C) Trial, Judgment, and Review. 139 (7) (N.Y.Sup.) Instruction on duty of general contractor to inclose shafts with barVrier erroneous.-Korfanta v. Vanderbilt Avenue Realty Co., 503. (C) Defects or Obstructions in Streets and Other Public Ways. 819(6) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held to prove notice to village of accumulation of ice on sidewalk. Washburn v. Village of Schuylerville, 472. 821(20) (N.Y.Sup.) Negligence of pedestrian, who fell on icy sidewalk, held for jury.Washburn v. Village of Schuylerville, 472. (E) Condition or Use of Public Buildings and Other Property. 852 (N.Y.Sup.) City owed no duty of active inspection of automobile in favor of assessor soliciting ride.-Carroll v. City of Yonkers, 847. NAVIGABLE WATERS. See Canals. II. LANDS UNDER WATER. III. RIPARIAN AND LITTORAL 39(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Rights of riparian owner stated.-Nevins v. Friedauer, 894. 68 (N.Y.City Ct.) Where verdict is contrary to evidence, new trial should be granted.Yokel v. New York Tribune Corporation, 822. 69 (N.Y.City Ct.) Jury judges of credibility of witnesses.-Yokel v. New York Tribune Corporation, 822. evidence.-Yokel v. New York Tribune Corpo72 (N.Y.City Ct.) Jury judges of weight of ration. 822. 77(1) (N.Y.City Ct.) Verdict should not be disturbed, unless rendered by mistake, etc.Yokel v. New York Tribune Corporation, 822. (H) Newly Discovered Evidence. 39(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Rights of riparian own-108(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Refusal to grant for er to access.-Nevins v. Friedauer, 894. 43(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Riparian owner of up-Manus v. Van Duzer, 420. newly discovered evidence, when error.-Me land held entitled to enjoin erection of build ings on land formed by filling and accretion.- III. PROCEEDINGS TO PROCURE Nevins v. Friedauer, 894. 44(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Land filled in by city on NEW TRIAL. its land under water without consent of up-143(1) (N.Y.Sur.) Affidavits of jurors inland owner regarded as accretion to upland.-admissible to impeach their verdict.-In re Nevins v. Friedauer, 894. Smith, 696. 44(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Rights of riparian owner 143 (4) (N.Y.Sur.) Affidavits of jurors aftto accretions.-Nevins v. Friedauer, 894. er their discharge to show misapprehension afTitle to land filled in without consent of up- fecting their verdict held inadmissible.-In re land owner held to go to upland owner.-Id. Smith, 696. INDEX-DIGEST For cases in Dec.Dig. & Am. Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER For parties on appeal and review of rulings as to parties, see Appeal. PARTNERSHIP. I. THE RELATION. Pleading (A) Creation and Requisites. 17 (N.Y.Sup.) Intention controls in determining existence of partnership inter se.Pierce v. Feno, 851. (C) Evidence. 53 (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held to show partnership inter se.-Pierce v. Feno, 851. III. MUTUAL RIGHTS, DUTIES, AND LIABILITIES OF PARTNERS. (A) Firm Property and Business. 83 (N.Y.Sup.) Drawing account of partners not "salary."-Hoeland v. Lange, 885. VII. DISSOLUTION, SETTLEMENT, AND ACCOUNTING. (A) Causes of Dissolution. 2592 (N.Y.Sup.) Dissolution must be by actual agreement or notice of election.-Pierce v. Feno, 851. See Subrogation. PAYMENT. PERPETUITIES. 6(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Testamentary trust held not void for failure to provide for disposal of corpus on death of one of the beneficiaries.Epstein v. Werbelovsky, 330. 6(10) (N.Y.Sup.) Trust held not to suspend the power of alienation.-Epstein v. Werbelovsky, 330. 9(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Trust providing for illegal accumulations of income not illegal, except as For parties to particular proceedings or in- to accumulation beyond beneficiary's minority. struments, see also the various specific top--Epstein v. Werbelovsky, 330. 76(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Objection that trustee cannot recover because of not having given bond goes to the cause of action.-Mulligan v. Bond & Mortgage Guarantee Co., 429. 95(1) (N.Y.Sup.) On sustaining demurrer for misjoinder of plaintiffs, leave will be given to amend.-Village of Warsaw v. Pavilion Natural Gas Co., 327. 95(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Court may grant motion to amend summons and proceedings by striking out misjoined parties.-Village of Warsaw Pavilion Natural Gas Co., 327. PARTITION. V. II. ACTIONS FOR PARTITION. (A) Right of Action and Defenses. 30 (N.Y.Sup.) Special order of court required to partition only portion of land held in common.-Lehman v. Lehman, 113. 33 (N.Y.Sup.) Incompetency of one of the defendants no defense.-Lehman v. Lehman, 113. (N.Y.Sup.) "Pleadings" are steps preliminary to judgment.-Heubschman v. Kugelman, 48. 8(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegation that gas company's rates were unreasonable and unjust held a pleadable conclusion of fact.-Morrell Brooklyn Borough Gas Co., 651. V. 8(6) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegation that tax was not paid as required by law a conclusion.Smyth v. Pure Ice Co. of Williamsburg, 305. 8(11) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegation as to ownership of bond and mortgage held mere conclusion of law.-Vander Veer v. M. L. Improvement Corporation, 528. 34(2) (N.Y.Sup.) General allegations not considered, where specific allegations are insufficient. Vander Veer v. M. L. Improvement Corporation, 528. 36(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Failure to answer admitted defendant's alleged attempt to exact from Pleading 184 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT plaintiff an unreasonable charge.-Morrell v. 350 (3) (N.Y.Sup.) No authority for use of III. PLEA OR ANSWER, CROSS-COM-350 (3) (N.Y.Sup.) Stipulation (C) Traverses or Denials and Admissions. 129(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegations not denied are admitted.-International Banking Corporation v. Morcott Co., 747. V. DEMURRER OR EXCEPTION. 193(7) (N.Y.Sup.) No demurrer lies to prayer for relief.-Sommer v. Ehrgott, 802. 194(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Omission to state particular exception in bill of lading relied on not ground for demurrer.-Greenhill v. Delano, 617. regarding construction of reply may be considered in determining motion for judgment on pleadings.Porter v. Lehigh Valley R. Co., 870. 367(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Omission to state particular exception in bill of lading relied on not ground for demurrer, remedy being motion to make definite.-Greenhill v. Delano, 617. XIII. DEFECTS AND OBJECTIONS, 411 (N.Y.Sup.) Propriety of counterclaim not raised by motion for jury trial on issues of counterclaims.-Maag v. Maag Gear Co., 630. PLEDGES. 214(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Demurrer admits state-25 (N.Y.Sup.) Pledgee, by permitting sale ments of complaint.-Miller v. International and shipment, loses lien, and cannot stop goods Harvester Co. of New Jersey, 91. in transitu.-Hunter v. Payne, 433. 214(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegation of complaint is admitted by a demurrer.-Morrell v. Brooklyn Borough Gas Co., 651. 214(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegation that tax was not paid as required by law a conclusion, not admitted by demurrer.-Smyth v. Pure Ice Co. of Williamsburg, 305. 225(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Amendment as of course not proper after sustaining of demurrer.-Huebshman v. Kugelman, 447. VI. AMENDED AND SUPPLEMENTAL 231 (N.Y.Sup.) Defendant held without right, after demurrer sustained, to amend as of See Adverse Possession; Limitation of Actions. course.-Heubschman v. Kugelman, 48. 237(6) (N.Y.Sup.) Amendment to conform to proofs improper, where nature and extent PRINCIPAL AND AGENT. not fixed.-Jacobson v. J. T. Robinson & Son, See Attorney and Client; Brokers; Factors. 883. IX. BILL OF PARTICULARS AND 318(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Defendant setting up contract in counterclaim held entitled to bill of particulars as to contract set up in reply; "claim."-James T. White & Co. v. Manowitz, Miller & Lowe. 411. 327 (N.Y.Sup.) Bill of particulars does not enlarge pleading.-A. O. Andersen Trading Co. v. Brody, 383. 327 (N.Y.Sup.) Bill of particulars is part of pleading, and matter specified therein is pleaded, when complaint justifies bill.-Gainer v. Hines, 768. X. FILING, SERVICE, AND WITH- 338 (N.Y.Sup.) Answer raising no issue need not be accepted.-International Banking Corporation v. Morcott Co., 747. XI. MOTIONS. failure (A) Powers of Agent. 103(7) (N.Y.Sup.) Possession alone does not authorize sale. Stanton v. Hawley, 415. 116(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Undisclosed limitations of authority inoperative.-Cohen v. American Ry. Express Co., 601. 350 (3) (N.Y.Sup.) Allegations not extended by affidavit or evidence on motion for judg-124(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Employé held not to have ment.-A. O. Andersen Trading Co. v. Brody, 383. authority as a matter of law to vary employer's contract.-W. J. Crouch Co. v. Farrell, 564. Bill of particulars construed with pleading on 137(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Principal held not esmotion for judgment.--Id. topped from denying authority of agent to make 350(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Defendant's motion for sale.-Stanton v. Hawley, 415. judgment on the pleadings admits facts in com-137(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Buyer not estopped to plaint.-Mulligan v. Bond & Mortgage Guaran-deny authority of its agent to modify contract. tee Co.. 429. -W. J. Crouch Co. v. Farrell, 564. INDEX-DIGEST For cases in Dec. Dig. & Am.Dig. Key-No.Series & Indexes see same topic and KEY-NUMBER Sales VI. CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE, (B) Undisclosed Agency. 143(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Undiclosed principal entitled to benefits of provision in transportation 96 (N.Y.Sup.) No legal highway over railcontract with agent.-Greenhill v. Delano, 617. road lands effected where no sufficient notice given. In re Overheiser Road in Town of Han(C) Unauthorized and Wrongful Acts. over, 483. 1602 (N.Y.Sup.) Agent known to be acting for himself, or to have adverse interest, cannot bind principal.-Stanton v. Hawley, 415. PRINCIPAL AND SURETY. See Indemnity. PROHIBITION. I. NATURE AND GROUNDS. (N.Y.Sup.) Writ commands person not to do something which he is about to do.-People ex rel. Halperin v. Strahl, 710. REAL ACTIONS. See Ejectment; Partition. RECEIVERS. V. ALLOWANCE AND PAYMENT OF 163 (N.Y.Sup.) Parties to accounting entitled to notice of motion to recover fund.Martin v. Morse, 441. RECORDS. 5(1) (N.Y.) Court of Appeals will not an ticipate erroneous rulings by Peacemakers' See Appeal, ~494–714. Court.-People ex rel. Mulkins v. Jimerson, 229 N. Y. 438, 128 N. E. 593. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 5(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Granted to prevent justice from granting motion to vacate warrant in 31(2) (N.Y.Sur.) Incorporated boards ausummary proceeding.-People ex rel. Halperin thorized to enforce payment of note.-In re Conger's Estate, 74. v. Strahl, 710. 10(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Only issued against tribunal without jurisdiction.-People ex rel. Newton v. Special Term, Part 1, Supreme Court, New York County, 193. PROMISSORY NOTES. See Bills and Notes. PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS. See Municipal Corporations, 346-591. PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATIONS. QUANTUM MERUIT. See Work and Labor. RAILROADS. See Street Railroads. I. CONTROL AND REGULATION IN I (N.Y.Sup.) No degrees of offense.-People v. Brown, 165. 2 (N.Y.Sup.) No justification for riot by strikers that authorities ignored offenses by others. People v. Brown, 165. v.6 (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence sufficient to show a riot.-People v. Brown, 165. 5 (N.Y.Sup.) Subject to Legislature's re- V. RIGHT OF WAY AND OTHER IN- Finding of participation in riot sustained by evidence.-Id. RIPARIAN RIGHTS. See Navigable Waters, 75(5) (N.Y.Sup.) Lawful occupation of See Highways. street presumed from construction under per mit and long use.-Jamestown, W. & N. W. R Co. v. City of Jamestown, 545. 77 (N.Y.Sup.) Cannot complain of use by electric company of highway crossing tracks.New York Cent. R. Co. v. Middleport Gas & Electric Light Co., 221. ROADS. SALES. See Vendor and Purchaser. I. REQUISITES AND VALIDITY OF 79 (N.Y.Sup.) City council's record as to (4) (N.Y.Sup.) Mere indefiniteness as to granting of permit to occupy street must be amount of goods does not render contract inovercome by proof.-Jamestown, W. & N. W. valid.-Phillips-Jones Co. v. Reiling & Schoen, 387. R. Co. v. City of Jamestown, 545. Sales 184 NEW YORK SUPPLEMENT II. CONSTRUCTION OF CONTRACT. 55 (N.Y.Sup.) Contract of sale held to be treated as Virginia one, governed by commonlaw rules. Bernhardt Lumber Co. v. Metzloff, 289. 81(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Delivery must be made within reasonable time.-Phillips-Jones Co. v. Reiling & Schoen, 387. pay gives 316(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Failure to 85(2) (N.Y.Sup.) No benefit to seller from seller right to retake or replevin.-Hunter v. reservation in buyer's letter head.-Bernhardt | Payne, 433. Lumber Co. v. Metzloff, 289. 85(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Contract held condition ed on (E) Actions for Price or Value. defendant's ability to perform.-Roy347(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Plaintiff entitled to reRealty Co. v. B. Altman & Co., 458. cover pro tanto, where there is partial failure of consideration.-S. & B. Knitting Mills v. Solomon, 591. 85(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Contract exempting sellers from liability for nondelivery held not to permit arbitrary refusal to deliver.-Sparks v.355(4) (N.Y.Sup.) Variance between sale B. Brown, Inc., 557. 85(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Inspection to be at destination, in absence of contrary agreement.-A. O. Andersen Trading Co. v. Brody, 383. III. MODIFICATION OR RESCISSION OF CONTRACT. (B) Rescission by Seller. 98 (N.Y.Sup.) Refusal to receive installment held not breach.-David Schwartz Co. v. Brander & Curry, 639. Demand for goods after time for delivery did not release seller.-Id. 107 (N.Y.Sup.) By notification as to due date seller waived requirement of payment, and could not put buyer in default without reasonable notice.-Helfant v. Manhattan Paper Co., 611. (C) Rescission by Buyer. agreement pleaded and that proved held fatal Smigel v. Friedman-Wallach Co., 708. 359(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence insufficient to show tender back of all goods for which note was given.-S. & B. Knitting Mills v. Solomon, 591. 359(3) (N.Y.Sup.) Evidence held not to prove buyer's agreement to pay government tax.-J. Wolkind & Co. v. R. & W. Cloak & Suit Co., 460. 365 (N.Y.Sup.) Where only question was whether goods were accepted or rejected, verdict allowing for defects in quality was error.Kaplan Bros. & Brondsky v. Schwartz, 833. VIII. REMEDIES OF BUYER. (A) Recovery of Price. 396 (N.Y.Sup.) Complaint praying recovery of payment in excess of merchandise delivered 133 (N.Y.Sup.) Buyer, who refused to ac- held insufficient.-Grober v. Kent Ave. Wreckcept return of goods, cannot be made bailee.-ing Co., 336. Kronish v. Simon Ginsburg & Bro., 583. IV. PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACT. (C) Delivery and Acceptance of Goods. 172 (N.Y.Sup.) Seller not excused by happening of contingencies not contracted against. -Bernhardt Lumber Co. v. Metzloff, 289. 182(1)(N.Y.Sup.) Dismissal of complaint for nondelivery at end of plaintiff's case held error. David Schwartz Co. v. Brander & Curry, 639. (D) Payment of Price. 188 (N.Y.Sup.) Buyers not entitled to discount, notwithstanding their deduction thereof. -J. Wolkind & Co. v. R. & W. Cloak & Suit Co., 460. 190 (N.Y.Sup.) Buyer entitled to treat seller's debt as equivalent to cash payment.Hunter v. Payne, 433. (C) Actions for Breach of Contract. 411 (N.Y.Sup.) Complaint not alleging_defendant's ability to perform insufficient.-Roy Realty Co. v. B. Altman & Co., 458. 417 (N.Y.Sup.) Prima facie proof made of damages for failure to deliver.-Phillips-Jones Co. v. Reiling & Schoen, 387. 418(12) (N.Y.Sup.) Luyer, who sustained no actual loss beyond vague loss of profits by failure to deliver, held entitled only to nominal damages.-Bernhardt Lumber Co. v. Metzloff, 289. SEPARATION. See Husband and Wife, ~~~278, 279. SET-OFF AND COUNTERCLAIM. II. SUBJECT-MATTER. 195 (N.Y.Sup.) Buyer justified in withholding payments as protection against threat-29(2) (N.Y.Sup.) Damages for nondelivery ened default.-Bernhardt Lumber Co. v. Metz- of machines proper counterclaim in suit for loff, 289. stock in payment for machines.-Maag v. Maag Gear Co., 630. 196 (N.Y.Sup.) Buyer's defaults in paying for installments, not relied on, did not justify rescission, where refusal to proceed was based on other grounds.-Bernhardt Lumber Co. v. Metzloff, 289. 34(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Motion for leave to plead counterclaim unrelated to cause of action properly denied.-Woolson Spice Co. v. Columbia Trust Co., 484. Shipment, after buyer in default on install-34(1) (N.Y.City Ct.) Court without jurisments, a waiver.-Id. 196 (N.Y.Sup.) By notification as to due date seller waived requirement of payment.Helfant v. Manhattan Paper Co., 611. VII. REMEDIES OF SELLER. (A) Stoppage in Transitu. 291 (N.Y.Sup.) Right of stoppage exists only when buyer is insolvent.-Hunter v. Payne, 433. diction of counterclaim based on transaction distinct from case alleged.-Republic of France v. Pittsburgh Steel Export Co., 280. 46(1) (N.Y.Sup.) Individual claims of defendant against plaintiff, seeking admeasurement of dower, held not properly made.-Bonert v. Bonert, 274. |